Kaferelsheikh University Second yearFaculty of Science (geology program)Geology Department v.R)f.f':- Total Score 7015/1/2011 Time: 2 hours

Final Exam. In Optical Mineralogy and rock forming mineralsAnswer the following questions:The first guestion:(15 marks):1)Answer the following sentences True or False. (1 pt each):

A) Light is a form of electromagnetic radiationB) Light can be characterized as a transverse wave form that travels in a straight lineC) The frequency of light is manifest in the brightness of the lightD) The velocity of light is its wavelength multiplied by its frequencyE) Light speeds up as it passes through denser substancesF) Light is reflected at the same angle as the incident angleG) Refraction occurs when light passes from one substance into another and results in its

changing velocity and being bent.H) The index of refraction measures the degree to which light is slowed down relative to

the speed of light in a vacuumI) A mineral in an oil grain mount will show high relief only if it has a higher index of

refraction than the oilJ) In a Becke line test, the bright line moves toward the substance with the lower index of

refractionK) Quartz show one set of cleavage

2) For the figure to the right (1 pt each):A) What is this optic figure? (circle one)

unixial optic axis, biaxial optic axisuniaxial flash figure, acute bisectrix

8) What are the black bars called?

C) If this figure has a positive sign, in whichquadrants will the colors go down when agypsum plate is inserted?

D) The color rings that encircle the cross arecalled?

The second guestion:(15 marks): write a short sentence on the following: (20marks):1) How can isotropic minerals be recognized under the microscope? (3 pts)2) Name two ways anisotropic minerals can be recognized under the microscope? (3 pts)3) By what two methods can the 2V angle of a biaxial mineral be estimated? (2 pts)4) What style of twinning is the most common twinning seen in plagioclase? (2 pts)5) What basically is "exsolution" in minerals? (2 pts)6) List the crystallographic classes corresponding to isotropic, uniaxial, and biaxial

materials. Give mineral examples for each. (3 pts)

2

The third guestion:(20 marks) (1 pt each):_Complete the following sentences:1- A mineral with more than one principal refractive index is called .2- The mathematical difference between the largest and smallest refractive index for ananisotropic mineral is called .3- A mineral with the same refractive index regardless of vibration direction. Itsindicatrix is a sphere is called .4- A mineral with two principal refractive indices and one optic axis. Its indicatrix is aprolate or oblate ellipsoid is called .5- Peroxenes have of cleavage with angle degree while Amphiboleshave of cleavage with angle degree6- Orthoclase is characterized by twinning7- Microclenes are chractrized by twinning8- , and are accessory Plate9- There are three types of twinning such as , and .10- There are three types of Extinction such as , and .11- Length fast means that .12- A mineral define as with a highly ordered atomic arrangement anda definite.. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . It is usually formed by processes13- Biotite shows of cleavage14- the relief of Muscovite is .15- Augite, the most common clinopyroxene, is found in to igneousrocks and their metamorphic equivalents16- Hornblende is a widespread and common mineral in and rocks.17- Olivine is typically found in igneous rocks18- Serpentine is generally an alteration product of .19- Garnet is found in a wide variety of rocks and in some rocks20- Epidote is distinguished from clinopyroxenes by having cleavage, .color, extinction

e :,

e!!!

4- The forth question:(20 marks): Write short article on the following:a) uniaxial interference figures, how they are observed, and draw optic axis and flash

figures for both uniaxial negative and positive crystals. (10 pts)

b) Classification of the silicates is based on the different ways in which Si04 groupoccurs. Explain and give a mineral example for each group. (10 pts)

best wishes

KafrelSheikh University Second Year ExamFaculty of Science Year 2011

~~~ ~~~~~~:'-~~~~-'-~~~~~------------------------------------------------------~~~~-~~~~~~~~-~~---STRUCTURE GEOLOGY

Write on the following questions:

a) Graded beddingb) Unconformities

c) Mohr circle diagramd) Friction angle

1- Explain the following:

2- Classification of strike-slip and thrust faults.

3- Explain the following:

a) Criteria for recognition of faults.b) Upright folds.c) Classification of folds based on fold profile.

4- Classification of joints.

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Kafrelsheikh University Geology DepartmentFaculty of Science Second year ExaminationFinal Examination in Invertebrate paleontology (G205)24/1/2011 Time: 2 hours

•. You must answer the next question: (22 degrees)

1- The natural preservation of any organism or assemblage of organisms

is dependent on the interaction of several factors. Write about these

factors and explain the modes of fossils preservation?

* Answer Three only of the following questions: (48 degrees)

11- Write short note about: (16 degrees)

A- Types of Ligament in pelecypoda (8 degrees)

B- Types of dentition in Pelecypoda (8 degrees)

111- - Make a brief Comparison between: (16 degrees)

A- Brachiopods and Pelecypods (8 degrees)

B- Septa in rugose corals and septa in scleractinian corals (8 deg.)

IV- Discuss the following: (16 degrees)

A- Septa and suture in Cephalopods (8 degrees)

B- Shape of solitary and colonial corals (8 degrees)

V-, Write short notes about: (16 degrees)

A- Water vascular system in Echinoderms (8 degrees)

B- Trilobite morphology (8 degrees)

-. Best wishesAssoc. Prof. Dr. Aziz Abu Sharna

mabushama2002@yahoo.com Tel: 0166255510

Kaferelshei kh Universi tyFaculty of ScienceGeology Department26/1/2011

Second year(geology program)

Total Score 70Time: 2 hours

Final Exam. In PetrologyAnswer the following questions

First Part Sedimentary Rocks (25 Marks)1- Define, in no more than two lines each, the three main types of sedimentary rocks (5 marks)2- Write the sedimentary rock type of each of the following sediments: (10 marks)

angular gravel - bedded mud or clay - hydrated calcium sulphate - silicacalcium carbonate - peat - shells of silica - salt - sand - rounded gravel

3- Draw a sketch showing the simple ideal model for the evolution of sedimentary rocks andtheir weathering products (5 marks)

4- Put in two separate diagrams the basic classification of each of the following: (5 marks)• Chemical/biochemical rocks• Siliciclastic rocks

Second Part Igneous Rocks (25 Marks)1- Answer the following questions (15 pts)

. a. Rearrange this sentence into a true statement:Rocks are compounds of elements, and elements are aggregates of minerals. (2 pts)

b. What is texture? Write some of the common textural terms? (3 pts)c. It is common to see regular trends in rock composition in many suites of genetically

related igneous rocks. What is the name of the most common and fundamental chemicalprocess that is thought to occur to cause chemical variation expressed in these trends? (5pts)

d- Outline Bowen's reaction series (5 pts)

2. Complete the following sentences (10 pts):a- Large bodies of magma that solidify underground before they reach the surface of the crust

are called Intrusive igneous rocks that form at depth within the earth arecalled while those that form near the surface are called (3 pts)

b- Concordant pluton that has been injected between two layers of sedimentary rock, causingthat the overlying strata are forced upward, giving a dome or mushroom-like form with agenerally planar base is called (2 pts)

c- Large emplacement of igneous intrusive rock that forms from cooled magma deep in theearth's crust is called (2 pts)

d- Sheet intrusion that cuts discordantly across older rocks is called (1 pt)e- Any process that causes magma composition to change is called (1 pt)f- Magma type tends to have the highest silica content,( ) while that tend to have the

lowest silica content ( ) (1 pt)

1 t~ m rphic Rocks (20Marks)in their proper order from low to high grade: gneiss, schist, slate,

nngmautv. i',1. llu . 2pts)

hat L metarn rphism? (2pts)

.,Write short article on the agents of metamorphism. (6pts)

4. Choose the single best answer: (10 pts)a- A foliated rock is foliated1- parallel to bedding planes3- at right angles to the greatest compression

2- parallel to the greatest compression4- at right angles to the direction of stretching

b- Pressure exerted equally in all directions on rocks in the crust is:1- differential 2- shear 3- directional 4-lithostatic

c- In which type of metamorphism are magmatic heat and fluids the primary agents ofchange?

1- contact 2- local 3- dynamic 4- thermodynamic 5- regional

d- Which of the following is not a metamorphic mineral?1- graphite 2- garnet 3- asbestos 4- gypsum 5- talc

e- Along what type of plate boundary is metamorphism most common?1. convergent 2- mantle plume 3- divergent 4- static 5- transform

f- Which type of metamorphism produces the majority of metamorphic rocks?1- contact 2- lithostatic 3- dynamic 4- lithospheric 5- regional

g- Which of the following metamorphic rocks displays a foliated texture?1- marble 2- schist 3- quartzite 4- hornfels 5- greenstone

h- The metamorphic rock formed from limestone is:1- quartzite 2- slate 3- hornfels 4- greenstone 5- marble

i- From which of the following rock groups can metamorphic rocks form?1- plutonic 2- volcanic 3- sedimentary 4- all of these

j- Which is a nonfoliated rock?1- slate 2- schist 3- gneiss 4- marble

KafreIsheikh UniversityFaculty of ScienceGeology DepartmentFinal examination of first term( Geophysics)

Name:Date: Saturday 22/1/2011Time: 2 hoursSecond Year

Answer the following Questions

1- Discuss briefly the factors affecting the aerial extent andmagnitude of gravity anomalies. (Degree = 10)

2- The subsurface structural features of the study area can beinterpreted from the Bouguer gravity map, guided by the shape,size, amplitude and polarity of the gravity anomalies; using thesestatement interpret the major predominating fault system in thefollowing map. (Degree = 20)

3- Explain any method used for the local-regional separation of theGravity Data. (Degree = 10)

4- Magnetic Susceptibility of a mineral or a rock can be defined as itscapacity to acquire magnetism when it is put in an external field.

(Degree = 10)5- Chose any simple gravity geometrical form (body), then discus and

interpret the mathematical form of this body. (Degree = 10)