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Eastern(NY(Entomology(Update(on(Invasive(Species((Management!(
2015!Hudson!Valley!Commercial!Fruit!Growers’!School!(Best(Western(Plus(
Kingston,(NY((February(10th,(2015(
(
Peter Jentsch Senior Extension Associate – Entomology
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
Historical(Invasive(Insect(Pests(Of(Fruit(In(Eastern(New(York(
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
Apple!maggot,(Rhagole(s*pomonella*(Wash,(1867)( (TephriQdae;(Diptera(
European!red!mite,(Panonychus*ulmi,* *Acari:(Tetranychidae *(
Grape!berry!moth,(Lobesia*botrana*([Dennis(&(Schiffermuller]) (Tortricidae;(Lepidoptera(
Japanese!beetle,(Popillia*japonica**Newman,( (Scarabaeidae;(Coleoptera(
Oriental!fruit!moth,(Grapholita*molesta*(Busck)( (Tortricidae;(Lepidoptera(
Oystershell!scale,(Lepidosaphes*ulmi*(Linnaeus)( (Diaspididae;(Hemiptera(
Pear!psylla,(Cacopsylla*pyricola(Foerster, (Homoptera:(Psyllidae(
Rose!leaGopper,(Edwardsiana*rosae*(Linnaeus)( (Cicadellidae;(Homoptera( ((
San!Jose!scale,(Quadraspidiotus*perniciosus*(Comstock)( (Diaspididae;(Hemiptera(
• The(SpoHed!Lanternfly,!Lycorma*delicatula*(White),!is(a(planthopper(orinaQng(from(China,(Korea,(India,(Vietnam,(and(parts(of(eastern(Asia.(
• On!Sept.!22,!2014,!the!Pennsylvania!Department!of!Agriculture,(in(cooperaQon(with(the(Pennsylvania(Game(Commission,(confirmed(the(presence(the(Spo`ed(Lanternfly(in(Berks!County,!PA.!
• It(is(an(invasive(insect(in(Korea(where(it(was(introduced(in(2006(and(since(has(aHacked!25!plant!species!which(also(grow(in(Pennsylvania.(In(the(U.S.(it(has(the(potenQal(to(greatly(impact(>70!plant!host!species!including!grape,!pome!and!stone!fruit.(
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
New!Pest!Update:((((((((((Spo`ed(Lanterfly.(Hemiptera:(Fulgoridae
• Adults(appear(in(July(&(moves(to(Tree!of!Heaven!(Ailanthus*al(ssima)(to(lay(eggs(in(October(
• SLF(pierces(the(bark(to(feed(on(sap.(
Adult(SLF(
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
• Nymphs(hatch(from(Late(April(to(early(May(egg(masses(laid(on(smooth(bark,(stone,(and(other(verQcal(surfaces.(Nymphs(climb,!feed!and!fall!repeatedly(onto(host(plants.(
• Nymphs(complete(four!immature!stages.(The(first(stage(is(black(with(white(spots(and(wingless.((
• As(it(grows,(the(Spo`ed(Lanternfly(will(start(to(develop(red(patches(in(addiQon(to(the(white(spots.((Nymphs(spread(from(the(iniQal(site(by(crawling(and(feeding(on(woody(and(nondwoody(plants.(
New!Pest!Update:((((((((((Spo`ed(Lanterfly.(Hemiptera:(Fulgoridae
Fall/(Winter((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((Spring ( ( ( ( ( (Early(Summer(
DistribuXon!in!PA!7!Townships!in!Berks!County!
180(miles(south(of(Highland,(NY(
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
Target!adults!in!midYlate!September!prior!to!egg!laying!&!nymphs!as!they!hatch!(• Removal(of(egg(masses(from(bark(
• Trunk(applicaQons(of(Dinotefuran((Safari,*Scorpion,(Venom)**• Systemic(insetcicide(acQvity(kills(insects(as(they(feed(on(sap(
New!Pest!Update:!!!!!!!!!!SpoHed!Lanterfly:!!Management
SLF((Eggs(
SpoHed!Wing!Drosophila
SWD!Adult!Male ! !Infected!Blackberry ! !Fruit!Fly!Egg!‘Respitory!Horns’
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
Development(Range(10d(–(4(weeks((
SpoHed!Wing!Drosophila
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
SpoHed!Wing!Drosophila
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
SpoHed!Wing!Drosophila
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
Crops!at!Highest!Risk
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
• Raspberries,!blackberries,!and!blueberries!!• FallYbearing!and!late!maturing!varieXes!!• DayYneutral!strawberry!varieXes!!• Late!season!tart!and!sweet!cherries!!!• ThinYskinned!grapes!(Pinot!Noir:!Dejon!Clones)!
• Cracked!or!damaged!fruit!of!peach.!
Imature(blackberry(
Alternate!hosts!for!SWD
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
Lonicera)sp),)
Tartarian!Honeysuckle)
0"
100"
200"
300"
400"
500"
600"
700"
800"
900"
1000"
27,May"
10,Jun"
24,Jun"
8,Jul"
22,Jul"
5,Aug"
19,Aug"
2,Sep"
23,Sep"
7,Oct"
21,Oct"
4,Nov"
18,Nov"
2,Dec"
16,Dec"
30,Dec"
13,Jan"
27,Jan"
SWD$pe
r$day/trap$(n=215$fa
rms)$
Week$$
2013$Monitoring$Data$Finger$Lakes$Region,$NY$
Agricultural" Woods"
SWD(SEASONAL(DYNAMICS(IN(THE(NORTHEAST(
Credit:!Greg!Loeb!Lab,!NYSAES!Geneva,!!NY!!!
Class! IRAC!Code! Examples! SWD!Efficacy!
Organophosphates( 1B( Malathion( Excellent(to(good(
Pyrethroids( 3A( Brigade,(Danitol,(Mustang(Max(
Excellent(
Spinosyns( 5( Delegate,(Entrust( Excellent(to(good(
NeonicoQnoids( 4A( Assail( Good(to(poor(
Carbamates( 1A( Sevin( Good(to(poor(
Diamide( 28( Exirel*( Excellent(to(good(
*Just!received!EPA!label!for!blueberries,!not!raspberries!
*Just!received!EPA!label!for!blueberries,!not!raspberries!
CLASSES!OF!SWD!INSECTICIDES
Credit:!Greg!Loeb!Lab,!NYSAES!Geneva,!!NY!!!
Survey!on!insecXcide!efficacy!against!SWD,!collated!by!!Rufus!Isaacs,!MSU!Y!!November,!2013!
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
Control Delegate+Assail Del+Assail+sugar
SWD infestation, Blueberries, 2013(data from Rodriguez-Saona, Cowles et al, in press)
Adu
lt SW
D/s
ampl
e ±
SE
Insecticide treatment
a
a,b
c
CulQvar:(‘Bluecrop’((Treatments:(4(wk(spray(program(((((((dAlternate!Delegate!&!Assail!((((((dDelegate!&!Assail!plus!sugar!(Plot(size:(2(rows,(32(bushes((Replicates:(4((2(lbs.(sugar(/(100(gal.(water(
Enhancing(Mortality(with(Sugar(
Credit:!Greg!Loeb!Lab,!NYSAES!Geneva,!!NY!!!
Sucrose)Improves)Insec2cide)Ac2vity)Against)Drosophila)suzukii)(Diptera:)Drosophilidae))
)Richard*S.*Cowles*,*Cesar*RodriguezFSaona*,*Robert*HoldcraH*,*Gregory*M.*Loeb*,*Johanna*E.*Elsensohn*,*Steven*P.*Hesler*
Per
cent
con
trol
3 DAT 5 DAT 7 DAT Rain!
0
20
40
60
80
100
Per
cent
con
trol
3 DAT 5 DAT 7 DAT No!Rain!
0.8*inches*of*rain*on*treated*bushes*1*day*aHer*applica(on**
Effect(of(Rain(on(Some(Common(InsecQcides(From(Rufus(Isaacs,(MSU(
Effect(of(Rain(on(Some(Common(InsecQcides(From(Rufus(Isaacs,(MSU(
African(Fig(Fly,((Zaprionus*indianus(Gupta((((
Effect(of(Rain(on(Some(Common(InsecQcides(From(Rufus(Isaacs,(MSU(
African(Fig(Fly:(((Crops(at(Risk(
• Damage:!Predominately!to!citrus!and!grape!(• Reports!from!Rutgers,!NJ!of!wine!grape!injury!independent!of!SWD!injury.!
• Hudson!Valley:!!!• 4!AFF!in!2012!• 0!AFF!in!2013!!• 3!AFF!in!2014!
• Not!yet!a!threat!in!NY!(
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
Managing the Brown Marmorated Stink Bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) !in New York State
BMSB(Presence((December(2014(
(
Brown!Marmorated!SXnk!Bug:!!!!Host!Plants!Y!Food!for!Success))
Brown!Marmorated!SXnk!Bug:!!!!Urban!mapping!of!adults)
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
Partnered!with!EEDMaps!to!extend!outreach!
• Early(DetecQon(&(DistribuQon(Mapping(of(Invasive(Insects(
By!County:!!• Weekly(update((• Trap(data(per(county(• Presence(in(degrees(of(risk(• Threshold(levels(
BMSB!Management!Threshold:!Ag.!Mapping!CommunicaXon!
0(
10(
20(
30(
40(
50(
60(
70(
80(
90(
100(
1( 2( 3( 4( 5( 6( 7( 8( 9(
Row(1(West(edge(
Row(2(Center(West(
Row(3(Center(East(
Row4(East(edge(
EvaluaQon(of((var.(‘Pink(Lady’(Trees(@(3’(x(12’(spacing(
(• 10(fruit(/((tree(=(100(fruit(/30’(• 9(secQons;((240’(row(
SQnk(Bug(Survey:(#4(100(acre(Orchard;((5(acre(block;(Pink(Lady(Fruit(damage(survey(September(10,(2012(
0(
10(
20(
30(
40(
50(
60(
70(
No.!adu
lts!/!trap
!
Pheromone!Tedders!Trap!Captures!of!BMSB(Using!!MDT!&!USDA!#10!lures!Red(Delicious(&(Rome(Apple(Campbell!Hall,!NY!2012!!
BMSB(
Degrees(of(sQnk(bug(feeding(injury(and(corking(beneath(the(skin.(
Elongate(depression((with(two(feeding((punctures(
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
BMSB!Management!Threshold:!!!!InsecXcide!Efficacy!
hHp://blogs.cornell.edu/jentsch/!
BMSB(Resources(
hHp://blogs.cornell.edu/jentsch/!2014(Efficacy(Screening(Report(
0%(
10%(
20%(
30%(
40%(
50%(
60%(
70%(
80%(
90%(
100%(
Thionex(3EC( Bifenthrin(25%( Danitol( Endego(ZC( Actara( Leverage(360( Lannate(LV( Warrior(II( Baythroid(XL( Assail( Untreated(
BMSB!Adult!Exposure!to!InsecXcide!Residue!of!Apple!Foliage!72h!Old!Residue!@!!1!d!
0%(
10%(
20%(
30%(
40%(
50%(
60%(
70%(
80%(
90%(
100%(
Thionex(3EC( Bifenthrin(25%( Danitol( Endego(ZC( Actara( Leverage(360( Lannate(LV( Warrior(II( Baythroid(XL( Assail( Untreated(
BMSB!Adult!Exposure!to!InsecXcide!Residue!of!Apple!Foliage!72h!Old!Residue!@!!3!d!
0%(
10%(
20%(
30%(
40%(
50%(
60%(
70%(
80%(
90%(
100%(
Thionex(3EC( Bifenthrin(25%( Danitol( Endego(ZC( Actara( Leverage(360( Lannate(LV( Warrior(II( Baythroid(XL( Assail( Untreated(
BMSB!Adult!Exposure!to!InsecXcide!Residue!of!Apple!Foliage!72h!Old!Residue!@!!1!d!
h`p://www.barkbeetles.info(Xylosandrus(germanus((female)((by(J(Hulcr,(University(of(Florida).((Hulcr,(J.(2012.(h`p://xyleborini.myspecies.info/gallery((last(accessed(October(22,(2012).(
Keyed(out(by(Dan(Gilrein(
Black!Stem!Borer:!!Xylosandrus)germanus)
Slide(Credits(to:(• Deborah(Breth(–(CCEdLOF(• Art(Agnello(–(Cornell(• Kerik(Cox(–(Cornell(• Elizabeth(Tee(–(CCEdLOF(• Hannah(Rae(Warren(–(
Cornell(Intern(
Xylosandrus)germanus)(Blandford)1894))(introduced)!
• Introduced!from!eastern!Asia!Y!first!found!in!NY!in!’32!
• Ambrosia!beetle,!a!general!wood!boring!insect!!
• AHacks!many!ornamental/forest!species!
• American!beech,!maple,!dogwood,!black!walnut,!oak,!magnolia.!
• BSB!observed!in!apple!and!sweet!cherry!in!1982!
• Cornell!research!and!extension!have!not!seen!this!pest!before!in!apple!orchards!over!the!past!30!years!in!NY.!
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
Black)Stem)Borer,)Xylosandrus)germanus)(Blandford)1894))(introduced))–)NE)Recorded)findings!h`p://www.barkbeetles.info(
History(
• Reported(by(Deb(Breth(in(WNY:(
• Growers!complained!of!trees!dying!or!oozing!from!holes!or!fire!blight!from!oozing!rootstocks!with!no!history!of!FB!in!the!planXng!in!2013!growing!season.!
!• IdenXfied!25!sites!with!trees!dying!2013Y14.!!• !!• 1!to!15!year!old!planXngs.!!!
Grower(sent(this(picture(on(May(1,(‘13(Fuji/M9(Pajam(2)(in(4th(leaf.(
!Found!in!6!sites!in!2013!associated!with!fire!blight.!
Which!came!first?!Fire!blight!or!borers?!
A!second!site!90!miles!away!in!2013.!
Also!found!in!apple!nurseries,!commercial!and!onYfarm.!
Adult!female!drills!a!hole!~1mm!in!diameter,!and!hollows!out!a!channel!into!the!heartwood!of!small!trees!(2Y50!cm!diameter)!.!!!
Liz(Tee(2013(
Biology(
! The!female!starts!to!culture!a!fungal!food!source,!!Ambrosiella!harXgii,!Fusarium?!!
! Food!for!the!larvae!and!adults!!
! She!lays!her!eggs!in!the!chamber.!(Xny,!~1mm!white,!football!shaped)!!
! Larvae!also!white!with!3!instars!
Liz(Tee(2013(
Biology(
! Produce!2!generaXons!per!year!
! Late!summer!the!beetles!migrate!to!a!hole!lower!in!the!trunk!to!overwinter!Y!as!many!as!100!in!one!chamber.!!!
! The!beetles!go!into!diapause!Y!not!acXve!again!unXl!the!next!spring.!
Biology(
Gallery!with!eggs,!larvae!and!pupae!for!first!generaXon!BSB!
Liz(Tee(2013( Liz(Tee(2013(
• Monitor!for!discoloraXon!and!blistering!of!bark.!!!
• Monitor!for!bleeding!sites!on!!bark.!!!
• Monitor!for!dying!trees.!
• Monitor:((Trapping(BSB(Re:((Peter!Schultz!(
!! Inverted!“Simply”!OJ!traps!with!rectangular!openings!!!!!!!!cut!in!side!panels!
! Agbio:!!ethanol!lures!!([email protected])!
! Hung!2Y3!feet!off!the!ground!
! A!drop!of!low!toxicity!anXYfreeze!in!lid!
! Hung!on!edge!of!woods!next!to!orchard.!
! Hung!in!interior!of!orchard.!!!
! Checked!traps!weekly!
BSB!weekly!trap!catch.!
0(
20(
40(
60(
80(
100(
120(
24dApr( 24dMay( 24dJun( 24dJul( 24dAug(
Bates(Rd((
Hill((
R1H(
N(13(
S(14(
(C13(
Edge!BSB!trap!counts!!
0(
5(
10(
15(
20(
25(
24dApr( 24dMay( 24dJun( 24dJul( 24dAug(
Bates(Rd((
Hill((
R1H(
N(13(
S(14(
W31(
SF4(
(C13(
Interior!BSB!trap!counts!!
Apples!• Warrior(II(or(Grizzly,(lambdaYcyhalothrin,(labeled(for(tree(borer(species((
• DECLARE:(gammadcyhalothrin.(
• Lorsban:(chlorpyrifos(trunk(sprays(for(borers(may(be(effecQve(
• NeonicoQnoids,(anthranilic(diamides((cyazypyr,(acelepryn),(and(tolfenpyrad,(not!found!to!be!effecXve!
Black!Stem!Borer:!!Management)
Thank(You(
Technical(staff(and(assistants(Support:(NYS(Ag(&(Mkts,(ARDP,(NEIPM,(EDDMaps,(HATCH,(Bayer,(Dow,((
( (Nichino,(Syngenta,(Gowan(
Hudson Valley Research Laboratory