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Class Vll A

K.V.NO1 Binnaguri Cantt

Subject- Science Slide Presentation

By Gourave Singh

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Processing

Shearing

Sheep shearing is the process by which the woollen fleece of a sheep is cut off.After shearing, the wool is separated into four main categories: fleece (which makes upthe vast bulk), broken,bellies, and locks.[7] The quality of fleeces is determined by atechnique known as wool classing, whereby a qualified person called a wool classergroups wools of similar gradings together to maximize the return for the farmer orsheep owner. In Australia, before being auctioned all Merino fleece wool is objectively

measured for micron, yield (including the amount of vegetable matter), staple length,staple strength, and sometimes color and comfort factor.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shearinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wool_classinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micron_(wool)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micron_(wool)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wool_classinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shearinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Merino_shearing.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Merino_shearing.jpg

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Wool

Wool is the textilefiber obtained from sheep and certain other

animals, including cashmere fromgoats, mohair fromgoats, qiviut from muskoxen, vicua, alpaca, and camel fromanimals in the camel family, and angora from rabbits.Wool hasseveral qualities that distinguish it from hair or fur: it is crimped, itis elastic, and it grows in staples (clusters).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_sheephttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cashmere_woolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cashmere_goathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohairhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qiviuthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muskoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicu%C3%B1ahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpacahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angora_woolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angora_rabbithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimp_(wool)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elasticity_(physics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staple_(wool)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staple_(wool)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elasticity_(physics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimp_(wool)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angora_rabbithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angora_woolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpacahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicu%C3%B1ahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muskoxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qiviuthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohairhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cashmere_goathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cashmere_woolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_sheephttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textile

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The amount of crimp corresponds to the fineness of the wool fibers. A fine woollike Merino may have up to 100 crimps per inch, while the coarser woolslike karakul may have as few as 1 to 2. Hair, by contrast, has little if any scale and nocrimp, and little ability to bind into yarn. On sheep, the hair part of the fleece iscalled kemp. The relative amounts of kemp to wool vary from breed to breed, and makesome fleeces more desirable for spinning, felting, or carding intobatts for quilts or otherinsulating products including the famous Tweed (cloth) cloth of Scotland.

Characteristics

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merinohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karakul_(sheep)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinning_(textiles)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feltinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batting_(material)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweed_(cloth)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweed_(cloth)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batting_(material)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feltinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinning_(textiles)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karakul_(sheep)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merinohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuareg_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedouinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinning_(textiles)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimp_(wool)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wool_fleece_and_top.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hogget_fleece.JPG

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Wool straight off a sheep, known as "greasy wool"[8] or "wool in the grease", contains ahigh level of valuable lanolin, as well as dirt, dead skin, sweat residue, pesticide, andvegetable matter. Before the wool can be used for commercial purposes, it must bescoured, a process of cleaning the greasy wool. Scouring may be as simple as a bath in

warm water, or as complicated as an industrial process using detergent and alkali, andspecialized equipment.[9] In commercial wool, vegetable matter is often removed bychemical carbonization.[10] In less processed wools, vegetable matter may be removed byhand, and some of the lanolin left intact through use of gentler detergents. This semi-grease wool can be worked into yarn and knitted into particularly water-resistantmittens or sweaters, such as those of the Aran Island fishermen. Lanolin removed fromwool is widely used in cosmetic products such as hand creams.

Scouring

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanolinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detergenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aran_Islandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmeticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmeticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aran_Islandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aran_Islandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aran_Islandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkalihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detergenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanolinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wool

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Global wool production is approximately 1.3 million tonnes per year, of which 60%goes into apparel. Australia is the leading producer of wool which is mostlyfrom Merino sheep. New Zealand is the second-largest producer of wool, and thelargest producer of crossbred wool. China is the third-largest producer of wool.Breeds such as Lincoln, Romney, Tukidale, Dryable and Elliotdale produce coarserfibers, and wool from these sheep is usually used for making carpets.In the United States, Texas, New Mexico and Colorado have large commercial sheepflocks and their mainstay is the Rambouillet (or French Merino). There is also athriving home-flock contingent of small-scale farmers who raise small hobby flocksof specialty sheep for the hand spinning market. These small-scale farmers offer awide selection of fleece.

Production

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merinohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_(sheep)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romney_(sheep)http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tukidale&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drysdalehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elliotdale&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexicohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coloradohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rambouillet_(sheep)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tibetan_spinning_wool.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rambouillet_(sheep)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coloradohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexicohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpethttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elliotdale&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drysdalehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tukidale&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romney_(sheep)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln_(sheep)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merinohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia

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Shoddy or recycled wool is made by cutting or tearing apart existing wool fabric andrespinning the resulting fibers.[33] As this process makes the wool fibers shorter, theremanufactured fabric is inferior to the original. The recycled wool may be mixed withraw wool, wool noil, or another fiber such as cotton to increase the average fiber length.Such yarns are typically used as weft yarns with a cotton warp. This process was

invented in the Heavy Woollen District of West Yorkshire and created a micro-economyin this area for many years.Ragg is a sturdy wool fiber made into yarn and used in many rugged applicationslike gloves.Worsted is a strong, long-staple, combed wool yarn with a hard surface.[33]Woollen is a soft, short-staple, carded wool yarn typically used for knitting.[33] In

traditional weaving, woollen weft yarn (for softness and warmth) is frequentlycombined with a worsted warp yarn for strength on the loom.[3

Yarns

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoddyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cottonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yarnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wefthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warp_(weaving)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_Woollen_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Yorkshirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ragg&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloveshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worstedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woollenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staple_(textiles)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staple_(textiles)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woollenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worstedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloveshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ragg&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Yorkshirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_Woollen_Districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warp_(weaving)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wefthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yarnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cottonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoddy

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Wool production and use dates back approximately 10,000 years in AsiaMinor. People living in the Mesopotamian Plain at that time used sheepfor three basic human needs: food, clothing and shelter. As spinning andweaving skills developed woollens became a greater part of people'slives. The warmth of wool clothing and the mobility of sheep allowedpeople to spread civilisation beyond the warm climate of the

Mesopotamia. Between 3000-1000 BC the Persians, Greeks and Romansdistributed sheep and wool throughout Europe. The Romans took sheepeverywhere they built their Empire including the British Isles. From herethe British took sheep to all their colonies

Wool Fibres

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Pashmina refers to a type of fine cashmere wool andthe textiles made from it. The name comes from Pashmineh madefrom Urdu and Persianpashm ("wool"). The wool comesfrom changthangi or pashmina goat, which is a special breedof goat indigenous to high altitudes of

the Himalayas in Nepal, Pakistan and northern India. Pashminashawls are hand spun, woven and embroidered in Kashmir, andmade from fine cashmere fibre.

Pashmina

Pashmina Sheep Pashmina Fibres Pashmina Shawl

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cashmere_woolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textileshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changthangihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinning_(textiles)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weavinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weavinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinning_(textiles)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changthangihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textileshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cashmere_wool