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19/04/2319/04/23 11
SoftwareSoftware
custom-written, off-the-shelf, custom-written, off-the-shelf, generic, system, applications, generic, system, applications,
utility, integrated utility, integrated
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Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives
Define the different types of software.
Describe the purpose of each of the software types giving common examples of applications for each type.
Discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages of using off-the-shelf and bespoke software packages.
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HARDWARE
SYSTEM SOFTWARE
APPLICATION SOFTWARE
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Difference between Hardware and Difference between Hardware and SoftwareSoftware
Hardware: Hardware: Comprises the physical parts of the Comprises the physical parts of the
computer system that are hard to touch.computer system that are hard to touch.
Software:Software: Makes a computer do something and are Makes a computer do something and are
written to run on the hardware.written to run on the hardware.
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Watch a computer booting up or logging onto a network.
• What is happening?
• How is it happening?
• How does the computer know what to do?
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• What is software?
• How is it related to hardware?
Without software a computer system could
not function!
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• Software is the general term used to describe all the changeable programs, routines or procedures that run on a computer.
• Software makes a computer do something and are written to run on the hardware.
SoftwareSoftware
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• What types of software have you encountered? What were their functions?
• What were their software names and product names? (They are different!)
SoftwareSoftware
• The difference between generic and product names is like the difference between a 'car' and a make of car e.g. 'Fiat‘ or ‘Dacia’.
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• Performs tasks needed to run the computer system / hardware
• They help the computer run smoothly.
• Helps the user to control and make best use of the computer hardware.
• Allows the user to carry out different tasks with different programs rather than one specific task with one program.
Systems softwareSystems software
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There are 2 main types of There are 2 main types of softwaresoftware
There are 2 main types of There are 2 main types of softwaresoftware
Software
System Software /Operating System
Applications Software
Carries out some task/s for the user allowing the user to produce
something useful.
Carries out some task/s for the user allowing the user to produce
something useful.Collection of system programs that:
•Control and manage the activities of the computer system hardware
•Manage applications.
•Provide an interface between user and hardware.
Collection of system programs that:
•Control and manage the activities of the computer system hardware
•Manage applications.
•Provide an interface between user and hardware.
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Applications Software
Custom-Written / Bespoke
Off-the-shelf Prewritten ready to
buy
Prewritten ready to
buy
Excel, Word,PowerPoint etc..
Microsoft Office
Generic Software/ General Purpose
Special Purpose
Integrated SoftwarePackages
Individual Programs
A number of different pieces of software that can share / merge data.
e.g. 1. A graph from a spreadsheet can be placed in
a report.2. Common screen design / toolbars / icons
makes it simpler for people to learn.
A number of different pieces of software that can share / merge data.
e.g. 1. A graph from a spreadsheet can be placed in
a report.2. Common screen design / toolbars / icons
makes it simpler for people to learn.
Software that can be made to
do many different tasks.
Software that can be made to
do many different tasks.
Software to perform a specific task e.g. payroll, accounts, stock control,
fill in forms
Software to perform a specific task e.g. payroll, accounts, stock control,
fill in forms
Software written to the specification of a
particular organisation or
customer.
Software written to the specification of a
particular organisation or
customer.
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Advantages of off-the-shelf packages
IImmediately available, bespoke software takes time to write.Many users who share the development costs, making it a cheaper alternative.Thoroughly tested and so fewer bugs ewer bugs (due to the number and variety of users).More likely to be compatible with other applications packages.More likely that there are well established training courses in the software.User groups often available.User groups often available.
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Advantages of Bespoke Packages / Custom Written Software
Will be tailored to the exact needs of the user.
Perhaps no off-the-shelf software fulfils the system requirements as the application is a one off.
There is a potential to work with the developers to expand the marketplace for the new software.
Will not contain extra routines that will never be used.
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Applications for which Common Applications for which Common Packages are not appropriatePackages are not appropriate
Where the use is so specialised that the software will Where the use is so specialised that the software will need to be written (or at least tailored) for that particular need to be written (or at least tailored) for that particular use. use.
E.g. Many uses of control software. E.g. Many uses of control software. Robots used on production lines tend to be one-off machines, Robots used on production lines tend to be one-off machines, designed for that particular purpose, consequently, the software that designed for that particular purpose, consequently, the software that would drive them would, similarly, be one-off. would drive them would, similarly, be one-off. A stock control system in a warehouse would have standard A stock control system in a warehouse would have standard modules, but would have other sections which would be for that modules, but would have other sections which would be for that warehousing system alone. warehousing system alone.
How different from the standard design is the system for How different from the standard design is the system for which we want the software?which we want the software?
The further away from the standard, the more difficult it is to use The further away from the standard, the more difficult it is to use standard software, and the more likelihood there is that the standard software, and the more likelihood there is that the system will require software written specially for it.system will require software written specially for it.
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Anti virus software
(Hard-Drive) Utilities
Format
Program
Part of OS
Designed to carry out “housework” and common tasks.
Program
Part of OS
Designed to carry out “housework” and common tasks.
Library /File-handling
Search Sort Copy / Backup
File Compression
Defragment
Hardware Drivers
(Organising)New Folders
& Moving files
Deleting Files
To keep files sensibly arranged on the hard drive
To keep files sensibly arranged on the hard drive
To manage the files that are stored on a computer system
To manage the files that are stored on a computer system
Reduces size of files without loss of detail by replacing all common letter combinations by single characters and deleting redundant data so that less storage space required and faster transmission.
Reduces size of files without loss of detail by replacing all common letter combinations by single characters and deleting redundant data so that less storage space required and faster transmission.
To protect files from attack by
virus
To protect files from attack by
virus
Deletes the contents of a disk, divides the surface
of storage media into tracks and sectors and,
produces an index before being used.
Deletes the contents of a disk, divides the surface
of storage media into tracks and sectors and,
produces an index before being used.
Used to control communication between
computer and peripherals by converting OS commands into instructions that the peripheral will understand. Supplied with a new peripheral and needs to
be installed it can be used.
Used to control communication between
computer and peripherals by converting OS commands into instructions that the peripheral will understand. Supplied with a new peripheral and needs to
be installed it can be used.
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PlenaryPlenary
What are the different types of software?
What are they used for and can you give examples?
What are the relative advantages and disadvantages of using off-the-shelf and bespoke software packages?