SAASS EPRB&

AU Leadership EPRB

Lt Gen Peck

1400 – 1405 Opening Comments Lt Gen Peck1405 – 1415 Presenting the SAASS data (template) AU/CF1415 – 1445 SAASS SAASS 1445 – 1500 Discussion re: SAASS, PhD, Level V All1500 – 1510 Break

Leadership Across the University – Topic EPRB1510 – 1520 Presenting the Leadership Data & Discuss: AU/CF1520 – 1535 - Leadership Definitions & Guidance All1535 – 1550 - Learning Objectives, Measures, Results All 1550 – 1600 - Faculty Qualifications for Leadership All 1600 – 1615 - Observations and Next Steps All1615 – 1630 Open Discussion & Vector Lt Gen Peck

Agenda

• Leadership is the art of getting someone else to do something you want done because he wants to do it. — Dwight D. Eisenhower

• Leadership is a potent combination of strategy and character. But if you must be without one, be without the strategy. — Norman Schwarzkopf

• Divorced from ethics, leadership is reduced to management and politics to mere technique. — James MacGregor Burns

• Before you are a leader, success is all about growing yourself. When you become a leader, success is all about growing others.— Jack Welch

Leadership Legacy

How Does the Air Force Develop: Leadership?

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Years of Service

Acc

um

ula

ted

Le

arn

ing

AEF AEFAEFL e a d e r s h i p

EducationEducationTraining

Experiences(assignments, mentoring, self-directed learning)

– Does the Leadership Center of the AF need a common definition of “Leadership”? If so, what would an AU Definition for Leadership look like?

– Do we have too much guidance… or not enough?– How much Leadership should each AU program be involved in Leadership

Education?– What is the right level/depth for each program?– How is AU delivering on being the Leadership Center of the AF?– What should be the threshold to graduate meeting AU leadership

standards?– How do we know our graduates are better leaders as a result of AU

programs?– What should faculty standards, mixes, ratios, skill sets, etc look like?

Questions for Discussion

Leadership: What is It?

“A study of developing and inspiring the human dimension from individual to organizational levels …

“… an understanding and appreciation of the professional, organizational, and interpersonal dimensions of influencing and directing people and other resources to accomplish the mission.”

The CESG Says…

• … officers receive training and education in a joint context, gain experience, pursue self development, and, over the breadth of their careers, become the senior leaders of the joint force.

• … nothing ensures that they are properly prepared leaders more than the care given to the content of their training, education, experience, and self-development opportunities.

• … properly prepared for their leadership roles at every level of activity and employment, and through this, ensure that the U.S. Armed forces remain capable of defeating today’s threat and tomorrow’s.

OPMEP Says…

• The EPMEP provides guidance regarding JLAs / JLOs that should be included in EPME curriculums to prepare future senior enlisted leaders (SELs) for success in the joint environment….

• The role of EPME is to enhance the leadership and warfighting capability of enlisted personnel….

– Primary education focuses on preparing junior and midgrade enlisted personnel to assume a leadership role in their assigned [AFSC]

– Intermediate education continues the development of leaders with a focus on the tactical level of war and mid-sized unit operations and may introduce aspects of the operational level of war

– Senior education focuses on the operational level of warfighting, introducing interagency and multinational operations, and addresses leadership at the unit and organizational levels

EPMEP Says…

Leading People:– Develops and Inspires Others

• Helps and Motivates Others • Empowers Others and Guides Them • Inspires Others

– Takes Care of People• People First• Creates an Environment where Airmen take care of Airmen• Establishes Work-Life Balance

– Diversity• Leverages the Value of Differences• Leverages Diversity of Mission Accomplishment• Shows Respect for Others

The ICL Says…

“Leadership is the art and science of influencing and directing people to accomplish the assigned mission.”

Air Force Doctrine (AFDD 1-1) Says

Observation 1:Guidance provides multiple definitions of Leadership for us.

How do we know what to teach about leadership?

Course AU CESG AF ICL AF DD 1-1

AFPD 36-26

EPMEP/OPMEP

AFI 36-2301

AFI 36-2618

AFI 36-2014 Other

ASBC X X XSOS X X X

ACSC X X X X X XAWC X X XALS X X X X X X

NCOA X X X X X XAFSNCOA X X X X X X

Eaker XLeMay X X X XHolm X X X X XSAASS XAFIT X

3.1 Leadership Guidance

Observation 2: There are multiple sources of guidance

• Leadership• Supervision skills• Mentoring• Evaluation systems• Functions of Mgmt• Diversity/Equal Opportunity• Group Dynamics• Dynamic Followership• Building Teams/Coalitions

• Change Management• Problem Solving• Safety/ORM• Time Management• Personal & Professional

Development• Roles/Responsibilities• Continuous Process

Improvement

CESG Categories

How are we incorporating guidance?

Program Coverage AreaASBC Leadership StudiesSOS Leadership StudiesSOS DL (“Course 20”) Leadership StudiesACSC Leadership and Warfare; Air, Space, and Cyberspace Power Studies; The Practice of

Command; Joint Forces; Joint Campaign Planning; Joint Air and Space Operations

ACSC (DL) OLMP Leadership: Organizational Leadership; Team-Building Leadership; Expeditionary LeadershipNonmasters DL: Challenges of Leadership and Command

AWC Joint Strategic Leadership; Foundations of Strategy; Regional and Cultural Studies; Wargame; Electives

ALS ThroughoutNCOA ThroughoutAFSNCOA ThroughoutHolm OTS - Situational Leadership, Leadership Reaction Course, AF Leadership, Intro to

Leadership, Joint Ethics, Officer Trainee Leadership Skills

3.1 Leadership

Observation 3: Several programs did not see themselves as being involved in leadership education

Program Coverage AreaEaker Throughout via Fostering Leadership in Functional Areas and the Role of Leaders in

Shaping the Functional Culture.LeMay Senior Leader Discussion Series

AFIT Management and Behavior in Organizations; Organizational Policy and Strategic Management; Research Methods; Strategic Leadership

SAASS Foundations of Military Theory; Foundations of Strategy; Strategy and Campaign Planning; History of Airpower; Others

(3.1) Leadership

How are we doing?

• Direct Measures– Observation– Tests– Performance evaluation– Exercises/Wargames– Capstone– Portfolio

• Indirect Measures– Surveys– Interviews– Focus Groups

Assessment Measures

Anal

yze

com

plex

po

litca

l-mili

tary

situ

a-tio

ns a

nd a

rticu

late

st

rate

gic

thou

ght f

rom

a

join

t per

spec

tive

Use

d?

0%

40%

80%

Resident Grads

SD/NeverD/RarelyN/SomeA/OftenSA/Const

Anal

yze

com

plex

pol

it-

cal-m

ilita

ry si

tuati

ons

and

artic

ulat

e st

rate

gic

thou

ght f

rom

a jo

int

pers

pecti

ve

Use

d?

0%

40%

80%

Correspondence Grads

SD/NeverD/RarelyN/SomeA/OftenSA/Const

Program/Course Expected Outcomes Assessment Metrics Target Result

ASBC

Leadership Studies

Apply introspections techniques and leadership skills to overcome challenges and achieve success as leaders in both formal and information team settings

• Employ introspection techniques and personal leadership-development concepts to enhance leadership capabilities

• Apply leadership theory and skills to achieve success in both formal and informal team settings

5 Project X Tasks

Icarus (Game based on and emphasizing airpower doctrine)

Vigilant Warrior Exercise

Demonstrate leadership skills to accomplish assigned tasks/mission

Demonstrate the enduring leadership competencies as outlined in AFDD 1-1

Evaluate and improve personal and team performance to accomplish assigned mission

Demonstrate the Air Force concepts of leadership, basic leadership traits and principles, and the importance of effective teamwork

100% - All students achieve these targets through this element of the course

Students who initially fail to achieve expected outcomes receive additional support and instruction to ensure that they achieve the desired standards

3.1 Leadership

Program/Course Expected Outcomes Assessment Metrics Target Result

SOS

Leadership Studies

Evaluate personal and team leadership skills to enhance leadership effectiveness• Employ leadership-

development and decision- making skills at individual and team levels

• Employ full-range leadership principles in order to accomplish assigned missions

• Assess personal and professional leadership styles

3 Team-Leadership Problems

14 “Project-X” Tasks

Cultural Leadership Exercise

Warrior Challenge

Argumentation and Critical Thinking Exercise

Demonstrate AFDD 1-1 Leadership and Force Development principles to develop and execute a comprehensive plan for building and leading an effective team

Demonstrate personal, team and organizational leadership theory, doctrine, and skills under varying levels of mental and physical stress

Express ideas and instructions logically and in a manner that informs, persuades, motivates and inspires

100% - All students achieve these targets through this element of the course

Students who initially fail to achieve expected outcomes receive additional support and instruction to ensure that they achieve the desired standards

3.1 Leadership

Program/Course Expected Outcomes Assessment Metrics Target Result

SOS

Distance Learning

“Course 20”

Leadership Studies

Comprehend leadership theory and qualities of effective leadership.

Comprehend the ethical requirements of leadership and the foundational nature of the of Air Force’s Core Values in the Service’s professional ethic.

Proctored multiple-choice question test (minimum passing score: 65%) completed within 18-months of enrollment.

Describe ethical influences on leadership development

Identify differences between ethics and values as well as the differences between personal and professional ethics

Understand the descriptive power of leadership models and how they can support the development of leadership skills

Examine the leadership process and explain how leaders can employ specific types of situational and follower characteristics to increase leadership effectiveness

85% initial testing pass rate

3.1 Leadership

Program/ Course Expected Outcomes Assessment Metrics Target Result

ACSC

Leadership and Warfare

Program Outcome 1. Lead joint forces to accomplish unit objectives at the operational level, as commander or staff member

Essay exams

(OLMP) Threaded Discussion Questions(OLMP) 3 Essays

- Analyze the factors that empower and constrain military leaders.- Analyze leadership and command across the range of military operations.- Analyze military leadership within an environment of change. [Grade of B or Higher]

99%

(OLMP) 95.5% B or Higher

AWC

Joint Strategic Leadership

Program Outcome 1. Develop graduates who are ready to lead in a joint strategicenvironment who thoroughly comprehend the professionof arms, with particular emphasis on Air Force competenciesof air, space, and cyberspace

Negotiation Exercise (P/F)

Critical Book Analysis (Commander’s Reading Program)Strategic Leader Evaluation Paper

JSL Personal Development Plan (DL)

JSL Cultural Simulation (DL)

- Demonstrate Senior Leader Negotiation Skills- Critically analyze book for senior mentoring program- Evaluate role of Airmen as leaders in a variety of joint, combined historical, contemporary contexts- PDP encourages reflection & critical thinking about personal & professional future. - SIM evaluates basic principles of effective communication & operating in an intercultural environment

100% met target

99% met or exceeded target99% met or exceeded target

99% met or exceeded target

99% met or exceeded target

3.1 Leadership

Program/ Course Expected Outcomes Assessment Metrics Target Result

USAF First Sergeant Academy

The FSA graduate will possess skills to advise and assist commanders with all matters affecting health, morale, discipline and welfare

Objective TestInstructor Observation / Performance Evaluation Survey

Achieve 70% on Objective TestPass/Fail with 100% Pass rate80% Strongly Agree/Agree to Survey Items

83.66%. Mean performance eval score100%99% Strongly Agree or Agree to Survey Items

USAF First Sergeant Academy

The FSA graduate will possess skills advise commanders on issues concerning legal issues (UCMJ, NJP, Federal and State)

Objective TestInstructor Observation / Performance Evaluation Survey

Achieve 70% on Objective TestPass/Fail with 100% Pass rate80% Strongly Agree/Agree to Survey Items

83.66%. Mean performance eval score100%99% Strongly Agree or Agree to Survey Items

ALS Program Outcome 1:Supervisor of Airmen-lead individuals and work teams.

Level 2. Student Learning

Level 3. Transfer of Learning

30% mean increase in scores from the pretest to the posttest

80% of respondents will Strongly Agree or Agree with each statement in the survey.

Mean pretest score: 49.52%. Mean posttest score: 79.17 %Result: gain of 29.65%Student = 92%Supervisor = 96%

NCOA Program Outcome 3: Communication - communicate rank appropriate tasks

Level 2. Student Learning

Level 3. Transfer of Learning

70% academic standard

80% of respondents will Strongly Agree or Agree with each statement provided in the survey.

Mean Scores: 85,91,82, 89,79, 87, 85,91, 85, 89Student = 86%Supervisor = 92%

3.1 Leadership

Program/ Course Expected Outcomes Assessment Metrics Target Result

AFSNCOA Program Outcome 1: Operational Management - lead the enlisted force.

Level 2. Student Learning

Level 3. Transfer of Learning

30% mean increase in scores from the pretest to the posttest

80% of respondents will Strongly Agree or Agree with each statement provided in the survey

Mean pretest: 61.54%Mean posttest: 86.20%Result: gain of 24.66

Student = 87%Supervisor = 95%

OTS1. Situational Leadership2. Leadership Reaction Course

Comprehend situational leadership and its impact on subordinate development

1. Comprehensive, multiple choice test 2. Individual Student Leadership Competency Evaluation.(LCE)

1. 80% mastery level on consolidated written test

2. 38-73 score on 0-73 scale (satisfactory rating or higher) on Leadership Competency Evaluation

1. 4 behavior samples measured: Mastery: 80%

2. AY 09-10 Average OT score 54.21

OTSIntro to LeadershipAF Leadership

Comprehend the basic concepts of leadership and their impact on mission accomplishment

1. Comprehensive, multiple choice test

2. Leadership Skills Portion of Individual Student Officer Trainee Performance Report (OTPR)

1. 80% mastery level on consolidated written test

2. 8-16 score (Satisfactory or higher) rating on Leadership Skills portion of OTPR

1. 1 behavior sample measured:Mastery: 98%2. AY 09-10 Average OT score 13.05

3.1 Leadership

Program/ Course Expected Outcomes Assessment

Metrics Target Result

LeMay

Senior Leader Discussion Series

SLDS Outcome 1: Graduates (1- and 2-star flag officers) are able to form, lead, and dissolve Combined Joint Task Forces when selected for CJTF Command

JFOWC Outcome: Prepare graduates (1- and 2-star flag officers) for theater-level leadership responsibilities

• No formal assessment

• Attendee assessment comes later in CJTF operations

N/A N/A

AFIT

Management and Behavior in Organizations

Students will 1. Describe the functions of the manager 2. Understand how org size, tech, structure, strategy & environment interact to influence organizations 3. Recognize major influences on work behavior & how these influences are related to job performance & satisfaction 4. Understand the complexities involved in the measurement of organizational effectiveness & performance 5. Communicate your understanding of management & organizational behavior.

Comprehensive, multiple choice and fill in the blank test on course principles and concepts. Group research project presented demonstrating application of concepts.

80% or better cumulative score in the class

All course iterations have scored above 80% average for the class.

3.1 Leadership

Program/ Course Expected Outcomes Assessment Metrics Target Result

Eaker The Student will be able to articulate:1. Leadership from a Senior

Perspective2. Functional Leadership;3. Leadership Qualities; 4. Leadership Myths and Truths;5. Leadership Pitfalls;6. Why Leaders Fail

NA NA 90% of students evaluated state the quality of instruction, effectiveness, overall value and management was

SAASS 1. Enhance the student's ability to think critically about warfare

2. Enhance the student’s ability to argue effectively and responsibly using evidence and logic

• Course papers• Oral Comprehensive Exams• Graduate-level Thesis

NA• 72% of Graduates

command at the squadron level or above

• 26% have commanded at group level or above

• 11% have commanded at wing level or above

3.1 Leadership

What do our customers say about how we’re doing? Observation 4: Everybody is meeting targets.

In 2007, CBOA said ...

ICL Competency: Leading PeopleNinety percent (90%) of the CBOA members believe Air University is meeting MAJCOM expectations for this competency.

Q: Are there any leadership areas AU is missing? A: NONE – In fact, all agreed that “Leadership” instruction is one of AU’s strengths and that AU is

“Doing it right.”– The group also agreed that there is value in reinforcing leadership topics at all levels of

the AU education program…

CBOA Comments

“Gap” Study (2009)

27

Le

arn

ed

Us

ed

Le

arn

ed

Us

ed

Le

arn

ed

Us

ed

Le

arn

ed

Us

ed

Le

arn

ed

Us

ed

Le

arn

ed

Us

ed

Le

arn

ed

Us

ed

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Strongly Agree/Constantly Agree/Often Neutral/SometimesDisagree/Rarely Strongly Disagree/Never

AWC ACSC SOS ASBC SNCOA NCOA ALS What about our Leadership Faculty?

Goal 1. Ensure educational efforts are focused on addressing both current and emerging force development needs within the Air Force, joint, and coalition communities.

Goal 2. Evolve accessions and citizen development programs to directly address key challenges faced by our Air Force and the Nation.

Goal 3. Develop and vigorously employ innovative methods to attract, develop, inspire, and utilize our outstanding faculty and staff.

Goal 4. Produce, appropriately vet, and publish scholarly, credible, relevant, and useful research, doctrine, and advocacy products that inform and influence deliberations by decision makers on the application of air, space, and cyberspace power in the joint arena.

Goal 5. Research, develop, and implement educational innovations and technologies, including a reliable and responsive enterprise IT solution, that enhance learning for students, faculty, and staff by facilitating access to knowledge, fostering collaboration, and supporting resident, distance, and future learning strategies.

Air University Strategic Goals

LeadershipFaculty Qualification

Program Typical Academic Degrees and Course Credits Earned Typical Other Qualifications

Air and Space Basic Course Bachelors degree (any discipline) At least 3 years experience as a commissioned officer in the US Air Force; Completed SOC faculty qualification program

Squadron Officer School Bachelors degree (any discipline) At least 4 years experience as a commissioned officer in the US Air Force; Successfully attained the rank Captain in the US Air Force; Completed SOC faculty qualification program

Air Command & Staff College

Air, Space, and Cyberspace Power StudiesLeadership in WarfarePractice of CommandApplied Warfare Studies

Terminal degree in History, Political Science (includes all subfields), Military Science, or Aerospace Studies--OR--Master’s or Master's-level professional degree in History, Political Science (includes all subfields), Military Science, Aerospace Studies, Public Administration/Policy, Business, Management, Computer Science/ Information Management/Systems, Justice Studies, Leadership or related discipline; Air Command & Staff College (or equivalent);AND relevant operational / staff experience

Relevant operational / staff experience; EXAMPLES: commander, director of operations, plans & programs, chief, program manager, doctrine

LeadershipFaculty Qualification

Program Typical Academic Degrees and Course Credits Earned Typical Other Qualifications

Air War College

Joint Strategic Leadership

Terminal degree in History, Political Science, Military Science, Leadership, or relevant discipline--OR--Master’s or Master's-level degree in History, Political Science, Strategic Studies, Management/Administration, Leadership or related discipline; 15 or more years of military experience; command experience at the squadron/command/battalion level (or equivalent); AND professional military education graduate at the senior level and special qualifications as detailed in column 3.

Relevant operational / staff experience; EXAMPLES: Commander, Joint, Joint Specialty Officer, Coalition Forces, Joint Command (TRANSCOM, etc), Sister Service schooling/assignments, NATO

Airman Leadership School Associate Degree (any discipline); EPME Instructor Course; EPME Teaching Internship; ALS Graduate

Successful military leadership experiences demonstrated by promotion to the rank of Staff Sergeant in the US Air Force; Designated 8T000 CFETP (Education/Training Requirements)

Non-Commissioned Officer Academy

Associate Degree (any discipline); EPME Instructor Course; EPME Teaching Internship; NCOA Graduate

Successful military leadership experiences demonstrated by promotion to the rank of Technical Sergeant in the US Air Force; Designated 8T000 CFETP (Education/Training Requirements)

LeadershipFaculty Qualification

Program Typical Academic Degrees and Course Credits Earned Typical Other Qualifications

Senior Non-Commissioned Officer Academy

Associate Degree (any discipline); EPME Instructor Course; EPME Teaching Internship; NCOA Graduate

Successful military leadership experiences demonstrated by promotion to the rank of Master Sergeant or Instructional Systems Specialist (civilian) in the US Air Force; Designated 8T000 CFETP (Education/Training Requirements)

Chief’s Leadership Course Associate Degree (any discipline); EPME Instructor Course; EPME Teaching Internship; SNCOA Graduate

Successful military leadership experiences demonstrated by promotion to the rank of Master Sergeant in the US Air Force; Designated 8T000 CFETP (Education/Training Requirements)

Holm Center Bachelor Degree (any discipline) Masters Degree; Active Duty Military or Successful military leadership experiences

LeMay Center NA Successful military leadership experiences demonstrated by promotion to the rank of Flag Officer; Joint Experience

Eaker Center Bachelor or Masters Degree Three or more years experience in Functional Area; Endorsed by ecclesial body

SAASS PhD

AFIT PhD MBA

Observation 5: Faculty qualification standards differ widely.

Seventy-six (76%) of faculty members believe their school regards professional development (PD) as very important

Yet…..• Only 60% say they are provided enough release time to pursue

development in their field• 55% say they are provided enough financial support for

professional development activities

Developing our Faculty2009 AU Faculty Survey

• How is AU contributing to Leadership Research?• What is AU publishing about Leadership?• How do we compare with our peers in teaching about

Leadership?• How are we leveraging technology? • How do we share best practices?

Further Discussion…

• Observation 1: It appears AU has no common leadership definition– Does the Leadership Center of the AF need a common definition? If so, what would an AU Definition for Leadership look

like?

• Observation 2: There are multiple sources of guidance– Do we have too much… or not enough?

• Observation 3: Several schools did not see themselves as being involved in leadership education– How much should each AU program be involved in Leadership Education?– What is the right level/depth for each program?

• Observation 4: All programs are meeting targets– How is AU delivering on being the Leadership Center of the AF?– What should the threshold be to graduate meeting AU leadership standards?– How do we know our graduates are better leaders as a result of AU programs?

• Observation 5: Faculty qualification standards differ widely– What should standards, mixes, ratios, skill sets, etc look like?

Discussion

• AU-Level PRBs– Functional PRB Schedule (Proposal)

• QEP – July 2010• Curriculum (Leadership – November 2010)• Faculty - June 2011?• QEP – July 2011• Student – December 2011?

• Continue this conversation within the context of an AU Center For Leadership– Leadership definition– Scope of Leadership instruction at AU– Guidance– Outcomes Assessment– Faculty Qualifications

Way Ahead

Discussion andClosing Remarks

Lt Gen Peck

The Intellectual and Leadership Center of the Air Force

We Produce the Future…

One Student at a Time

One Faculty Member at a Time

One Idea at a Time

We Produce the Future

Back-up Slides

Lt Gen PeckCommander