1.4 Reflective Practice - National Disability Services · Community Engagement – working alongside diverse communities 3.1 1 Community @ a time – culturally responsive community

Workbook1.4PersonCentredPracticeAcrossCultures

ReflectivePractice-whydifferentpointsofviewmatter

July2016

futures UPFRONT

ThisworkbookhasbeendevelopedforNationalDisabilityServicesby:BarbelWinter,ManagingDirector,futuresUpfrontandMariaKatrivesis,ConsultantandTrainerFirstpublished(July2016)©futuresUpfrontFormoreinformationandforpermissiontoreproducepleasecontact:futuresUpfrontemail:[email protected]:www.futuresupfront.com.au ProducedbyNDSNSWLevel18,1CastlereaghStSydney,NSW2000FundedbyNSWDepartmentofFamilyandCommunityServices.©ThispublicationiscopyrightAllrightsreserved.ExceptasprovidedintheCopyrightAct1968(Commonwealth),nouseofthiswork,whichiswithintheexclusiverightofthecopyrightowners,maybemade.ContactNDS0292563100ndsnsw@nds.org.auwww.nds.org.auAboutNationalDisabilityServicesNationalDisabilityServicesisthepeakbodyfornon-governmentdisabilityservices.Itspurposeistopromotequalityserviceprovisionandlifeopportunitiesforpeoplewithdisability.NDS’sAustralia-widemembershipincludesmorethan1000non-governmentorganisations,whichsupportpeoplewithallformsofdisability.NDSprovidesinformationandnetworkingopportunitiestoitsmembersandpolicyadvicetostate,territoryandfederalgovernments.

Table of Contents

1. Preface......................................................................................................................21.1 Howtousethisworkbook?...................................................................................................21.2 Whatisthisworkbookabout?...............................................................................................31.3 Outcomes:.............................................................................................................................31.4 Whoisthisworkbookfor?....................................................................................................31.5 Howlongwillthisworkbooktaketocomplete?...................................................................3

2. TheWorkbook...........................................................................................................42.1 Whatisreflectivepractice?...................................................................................................42.2 ThoughtfulActionvsReflectivePractice...............................................................................52.3 Whatarethebenefitsofreflectivepractice?........................................................................62.4 ThinkingonyourfeetvsReflectivePractice..........................................................................62.5 HowdowedoReflectivePractice?.......................................................................................6

2.5.1 ReflectivePracticeCycle:..................................................................................................72.6 UsingReflectivePracticetoolstothinkcriticallyaboutacasestudy.................................11

3. Conclusion................................................................................................................17

Workbook1.4:ReflectivePractice

©futuresUpfront|2016|PersonCentredPracticeAcrossCultures

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1. Preface

ThisworkbookispartofaseriesofresourcesforthedisabilityservicessectordesignedbyfuturesUpfrontforNDSwithfundingprovidedbytheNSWDepartmentofFamilyandCommunityServices;Ageing,DisabilityandHomeCare.

1.IndividualPractices–workingwithpeoplefromCALDbackgroundswithdisability

1.1Empathy–apracticetoconnectacrosscultures

1.2Activelistening–unconditionalpositiveregardacrosscultures

1.3Choicemaking–cross-culturaldifferencesandwhatcanwelearnfromthem

1.4ReflectivePractice–whydifferentpointsofviewmatter

1.5Workingeffectivelywithinterpreters

2.OrganisationalPractices–buildingaculturallyresponsiveorganisation

2.1Terminologyanddata–aguidetounderstandingculturaldiversityanddisability

2.2Makingthebusinesscase–whydiversityisgoodforbusiness

2.3Aculturallyresponsivepersoncentredorganisation–keyelements

2.4Leadingtowardsculturalresponsiveness–apracticalguideformanagers,teamleadersandcoaches

2.5Buildingadiverseworkforce–practicalstrategies

2.6Valuingbilingualworkers–strategiestorecruit,trainandretain

3.CommunityEngagement–workingalongsidediversecommunities

3.11Community@atime–culturallyresponsivecommunityengagementprinciplesandelements

3.2MakingLinks–networkingwithCALDCommunities

3.3Cross-culturalstory-basedmarketing–1story@atime

Thisworkbookispartof“IndividualPractices–workingwithpeoplefromCALDbackgroundswithdisability”series.

1.1 How to use this workbook? Thisworkbookcanbeusedinmanydifferentways,including:

´ Asaself-pacedlearningprogrambyanindividual

´ Asaself-pacedlearningprogramforagroup



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´ Aspartofformaltrainingorganisedbyanorganisation

´ Aspartofcoachingandmentoring.

Thisworkbookincludesexercisesandopportunitiesforreflections(whenworkingbyyourself)ordiscussions(whenworkingwithothers).

Thereisplentyofroominyourworkbooktotakenotesandmakecomments.

1.2 What is this workbook about? Thisworkbookisaboutdevelopingyourpersoncentredpracticeacrosscultures.Itdescribeshowyoucanusereflectivepracticeandcriticalthinkingtobetterunderstandhowyourworldviewimpactsonandinfluencesyourbehaviourandworkpractice.

Itprovidesyouwiththetoolstochallengeyourthinkinganddeveloppracticesthathelpyouseetheworldfromthepointofviewofthepeopleyousupportandyourco-workers.

1.3 Outcomes: Oncompletionoftheworkbookyouwill:

´ Beabletousecriticalthinkingtoreflectonanareaofyourworkpractice

´ Betterunderstandhowyourvaluesandjudgementsimpactonyourworkpractice

´ Havetoolstoreflectonyourworkpracticeanddiscoveryourblindspots.

1.4 Who is this workbook for? ThisworkbookisforanyonewhowouldlikecontinuechallengethemselvesandtheirteamstobuildtheirskillsforworkingculturallyresponsivelyandrespectfullywithpeoplefromCALDbackgroundswithdisability.

1.5 How long will this workbook take to complete? Thisworkbookshouldtakeyou60minutestocomplete.Howeverwerecommendsettingaside2-3hourswhenusingthisworkbookwithyourteamstoexploreandchallengeyourworkpractice.



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2. The Workbook

2.1 What is reflective practice? Reflectivepracticeis“asetofabilitiesandskills,toindicatethetakingofacriticalstance,anorientationtoproblemsolvingorstateofmind”(Moon,1999:63).

Itistheprocessofreflectingonourexperiencetoimproveouractionsandprofessionalpractice.Itinvolveslookingathowandwhywethinkandbehaveinanygivensituation.It’saboutbeingconsciousandawareofouractionsandtheirconsequences.Itforcesustoquestionwhatitisthatweknowandhowwehavecometoknowit.

Awiderangeofactivitiesassociatedwiththinkingandlearningaboutourworkpracticessuchas:

´ selfandpeerassessment,

´ problem-basedlearning,

´ personaldevelopmentplanning,and

´ groupwork

canallbeusedtosupportareflectivepracticeapproach.

Reflectivepracticeencouragesyoutodevelopself-awarenessandcriticallythinkabouthowourculturalframeworks,valuesandbeliefsimpactonourinteractionswithothers.Regularreflectivepracticehelpsincreaseyourawarenessofyourpersonallens(es).Itcansupportyoutodevelopagreaterlevelofself-awarenessaboutthenatureandimpactofyourworkperformance,whichcanleadtoopportunitiesforprofessionalgrowthanddevelopment.



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2.2 Thoughtful Action vs Reflective Practice Reflectivepracticeisdifferenttotheeverydaythoughtfulaction,orreflectiononthego:

Thoughtful Action Reflective Practice

Isinstantaneous–onedecideswhattodonext,thinkingaboutitforonlyasplitsecond

Requiresonetotaketimeouttoreflect.Itinvolvesaconsciousattempttoplan,describe,andreflectontheprocessandoutcomesoftheaction

Thereisnocycleofclearlydefinedseparatephases.Itisanunpredictablesequencebecauseonerespondstoeventsinthesituationitself.

Itisaclearcycleofseparatemomentsinwhichoneengagesincompletelydifferentactivities.

Thereisnodescribingmoment,becauseoneisengagedinacting.

Asreflectionoccursafteraction,onecreatesanobservationalrecordanddescribestheresultsoftheaction.

Oneisnotaimingatanimprovementtothepractice.Oneisthinkingabouthowbesttodowhatonealwaysdoes.

Themajoraimistoproduceanimprovementtothepractice.

Thereisnoelementofinquiryandoneisnotdeliberatelysettingouttolearnsomethingfromexperience.

Onedesignsandusesinquirystrategiestofindoutmoreaboutone’spractice.

(Phillips,Bain,McNaught,Rice,&Tripp;1999)

Reflection

Describetwowaysyouhaveusedtoreflectonyourworkpractice?

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2.3 What are the benefits of reflective practice? Reflectivepracticeisausefultoolforbuildingindividualculturalcompetenceandpersoncentredpracticeby:

´ Challengingandquestioningourvalues,beliefs,culturalunderstandingsandbehavioursandhowtheseinfluenceourworkpractice

´ Scrutinisingourassumptionsandstereotypes

´ Buildingyourknowledgeandexperience

´ Promotingyourlearningbydevelopingyourunderstandingofhowyoucanbetterrespondtodiversity;and

´ Learningfromsuccessesandmistakes.

2.4 Thinking on your feet vs Reflective Practice Allofus,atsomemomentinourdayorweek,willneedtoreactandmakeadecisionveryquickly.Wereflectbrieflyonthesituationandmakeadecisionbasedonthatmomentaryreflection.Thisissometimescalled:“thinkingonourfeet”or“reflectiononthego”.Peoplesaythatduringthesetimestheyareoperatingontheirinstinctsandarerelyingonpreviousexperienceandtheirskillstogetthemthroughthesituation.Theseareveryvaluableskillstohave.Theyenableustoactquickly.Duringthesemomentswearethinkingabouthowbesttodowhatwehavealwaysdone.Thereisnoelementofinquiryandwearenotdeliberatelysettingouttolearnsomethingfromthisexperience.

ReflectivePracticeisaconsciousattempttoplan,describe,andreflectonaprocessandoutcomesofanaction.Themajoraimistoproduceanimprovementtoworkpractice.Todothisweneedtoconsciouslytaketimeouttoreflect.Itinvolvesaclearcycleofseparatemomentsinwhichyouareengagedincompletelydifferentactivities.Thisisquitedifferentto“thinkingonyourfeet”,andallowsyoutoshareyourthoughtprocesseswithothers,therebynotjustbenefitingyourownlearningbutthelearningofyourteamsandorganisationasawhole.

2.5 How do we do Reflective Practice? Therearemanytoolsandresourcesavailabletohelpyoureflectonyourworkpractice:whattheyallhaveincommonisaprocessthatenablesyoutolookbackorobservewhathappened,reflectandlearn,andidentifyandapplyadifferentapproachnexttime.

Thissectionwillintroduceyoutotwoofthem:

´ ReflectivePracticeCycle



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´ JohariWindowModel

2.5.1 ReflectivePracticeCycle:Onesimpleapproachusesfourdiscreetstages.Eachstageinvolvesaskingyourselfaseriesofcriticalquestionsinorderto‘unpack’asituationandunderstanditfromarangeofstandpoints,includingyourownandotherpeople’s.Itchallengesyoutothinkaboutyourassumptionsandidentifyanyunderlyingissuesthatmayhaveimpactedonthesituation.Itacknowledgesthatitisokaytomakemistakesaslongaswelearnfromthem.

Thesimplediagrambelowdescribesthefourstagesofreflectivepractice.Theseare:

1. Describe2. Reflection3. Implementation4. Evaluation

Fig1:ReflectivePracticeCycle:

Figure2belowoutlinessomeofthekeyquestionsforeachstageofthereflectivepracticecycletohelpyouunpackandreflectonthesituationorevent.

1.Describe

2.Reflect3.Act

4.Review



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Fig2:ReflectivePracticeKeyQuestions:

Likeeverything,ittakespracticetogetusedtoaskingyourselfthesetypesofquestions,especiallywhenyouhavetothinkaboutyourassumptionsandpreconceptions.Itcanbeeasiertoreflectonourworkpracticewhenwecansitwithothersandthinkcriticallyaboutit.Thereflectivepracticeframeworkdescribedaboveinfigures1and2isagreattoolthatcanbeusedasan

• Consider:• WhatdoIunderstandaboutthecurrentsituakon?

• WhatassumpkonsamImaking?• Whataretheunderlyingissues?

1.Describe(thesituakon)

• Consider• FromwhosepointofviewamIseeingthesituakon?

• HowdoItestmyassumpkons?• DoIneedtoaddressanyoftheunderlyingissues?

• WhatskillsdoIhave?• WhatskillsdoIneedtodevelop?

2.Reflect(onwhathappened)

• Consider•  (New)strategiesIwillnowimplement?• Whatimpactwillthishaveonmyworkprackce?• Whatimpactwillthishaveonmyorganisakon?

3.Act(determinehowyouwouldrespondnextkme/inasimilar

situakon)

• Consider• Hastherebeenchange?• HowhaveIsharedthelearning?

4.Review(yourackons)



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individualexerciseorinateamenvironment.Bydevelopingandusingreflectivepracticeyouwillbeabletobringforwardideastohelpimproveandenhanceyouownpracticeandthepracticeofothers.Reflectivepracticecanbeausefultoolforsharingindividuallearningandimprovingoverallteamwork-practice.Inthiscontext,reflectivepracticebecomesapowerfultoolforbuildingindividualandorganisationalculturalcompetence.FormoreinformationaboutculturalcompetenceandpersoncentredpracticeseeWorkbooks2.3and2.4.

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Video

Havealookatthevideobelow:Whatdidyounotice?Whatdidn’tyounotice?Why?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ahg6qcgoay4

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Buildingourself-awarenessisacriticalskillandthefirststepfordevelopingpersoncentredpracticeacrosscultures.Itcanbedifficulttodevelopself-awarenessonourown.Asthevideoabove“Testyourawareness”demonstrates,wedon’tseeourownblindspotsbutwecanbeamirrorforotherpeople’sblindspotsastheycanbeforours.

TheJohariWindow:

TheJohariWindowisasimpletoolforlookingatanddevelopingself-awarenessandunderstandingbetweenindividualswithinagroup.InitiallydevelopedbyJosephLuftandHarryInghamitisusedinbothbusinessandorganisationalcontexts.

TheJohariWindowcanbeusedtodocumentinformation;includingfeelings,experience,views,attitudes,skills,intentions,motivation,withinoraboutaperson,orinrelationtotheirgroup.

Itisaveryusefultooltohelpyouidentifyyourblindspotsorthoseofyourteam.Itismosteffectivewhenusedbyteamsthathavealreadyestablishedtrustandhaveconfidenceineachother.



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Thisisviewedfromfourperspectives:

1. Whatisknowntoyouaboutyourselfandalsoknownbyothers(openarea)?

2. Whatisunknownbyyouaboutyourselfbutwhichothersknow(blindarea)?

3. Whatyouknowaboutyourselfthatothersdonotknow(hiddenarea)?

4. Whatisunknowntoyouaboutyourselfandisalsounknownbyothers(unknownarea)?

Fig3:JohariWindow

Thismodelcanbeusedinareflectivepracticesessionwithyourteamtoincreaseself-awarenessofindividualsandgroupstomanagingresponsetochange.

Workbook Exercise

WhataresomeofthebenefitsofusingtheJohariModelwithinteams?

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2.6 Using Reflective Practice tools to think critically about a case study or an area of work practice Alejandro’sstorywastoldbyacaseworkertohercolleagues.Thecaseworkerwasstuckandwasaskingforassistance.Thisishowshetoldthestory:

Case Study: What can I do differently to support Alejandro and his family?

Alejandroisa36yearoldmanwithmoderateintellectualdisabilityandbi-polardisorder.Heliveswithhisparentswhoareintheir70sandinpoorhealth,andhisyoungersister.Hisoldersistermovedoutofthefamilyhomeabout10yearsago.

Alejandrosometimeshassleeplessnightsandcanbequitenoisyduringtheseperiodswhichimpactsonfamilymembers.Alejandroregularlyabscondsfromhomeandwandersthesuburbs.Hehasanobsessionwithtravellingontrainsandstaysoutatallhoursofthenight.Alejandrogetsintotroublewhenhedoesn’tpayfortrainticketsorcoffee.Healsohasahistoryofbeingpickedupbypolice.

Alejandroisnotmotivatedtoparticipateinmeaningfulactivitiessuchasadayprogram,supportedemploymentorrespite.Helikestobeself-directed,resentsbeinggivenadvice,andisfrustratedatnotbeingatthesameleveloffunctioningasotherpeople.

Alejandro’sparentswereborninPeruandspeakSpanish.TheeldestdaughterwasalsoborninPeru,butbothAlejandroandhisyoungersisterwereborninAustralia.Alejandro’smotherspeakssomeEnglishandhisfatherhaslittleEnglishwithaverystrongaccentmakinghimdifficulttounderstand.Theparentsseemtohavedifficultyunderstandingthingsanddonotaccessanysupports.

ThereissomeconflictbetweenAlejandro’ssistersandparentsastowhatisinhisbestinterests.Inthepast,theparentshavedependedontheirdaughterstointerpretforthembutthisiscausingconflictasthedaughtersandtheparentshavedifferingunderstandingsofAlejandro’scareneeds.Obligationandpridemakeitdifficultfortheparentstoopenlyexpresstheirinabilitytocopewiththeirson,hardshipofthecaringrole,desireforalternativeaccommodation,reluctancetoacceptassistanceoractivelypursueofferedservices.

Alejandrohadbeenofferedsupportedaccommodationinagrouphomefiveyearsago.HoweverthiswasunsuccessfulasAlejandrokeptreturninghomeandthe



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Case Study: What can I do differently to support Alejandro and his family? parentsdidn’tdiscouragethisbehaviour.Alejandro’smotherisfindingitverydifficulttoacceptthathersonneedstomoveoutofthefamilyhome.Howeversheisfindingitincreasinglydifficulttomeethisneeds.

Workbook Exercise

Imagineyouarethecaseworkerabove.Youhavejustsharedthecasestudywithyourteam.Thefollowingworksheetwillguideyouthroughtheprocess.Don’tworryiftherearesomeyoucan’tanswer,butremembertoconsiderallpointsofviewnotjustthatofthecaseworker.ConsiderthepointofviewofAlejandro,hismother,sisters,etc.

Step1.Describe(thesituation)

Whatarethe(underlying)issuesthatthiscasestudyhighlights?

WhatassumptionsamImaking?



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Step2A.Reflect(onwhathappened)

FromwhosepointofviewamIseeingthesituation?

(Consider:Whatisthepointofviewof…..andhowdoIknow?)

Whatisthepointofviewof: HowdoIknow?

Alejandro

Hismother/father

Hissisters

Thecaseworker

HowdoItestmyassumptions?

DoIneedtoaddressanyoftheunderlyingissues?

HowwillIgoaboutthis?



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Step2B.ReflectingusingtheJohariWindow

Ifyouarehavingdifficultiesidentifyingyourassumptions,theJohariWindowcanbeusedtohelpyouidentifyanyblindspotsandconsiderhowyoumighttakethemintoaccount.Usetheworksheetbelow:

KnowntoSelf NotKnowntoSelf

KnowntoOthers

Open

Blind

NotKnownto

Others

Hidden

Unknown



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Reflection

UsetheobservationsfromSteps2A(reflections)and2B(JohariWindow)torespondtothissection

WhatskillsdoIhave?(Considerskillsyoualreadyhavethatenableyoutoworkinapersoncentredwayacrossculture.Thissectionisaboutacknowledgingtheskillsyoualreadyhaveandbuildingfromthatbase)

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WhatskillsdoIneedtodevelop?

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Step3.Implementation

(Thissectiongetsyoutothinkabouthowyoumightdoitdifferentlynexttime.AswellasconsideringhowyoumightworkwithAlejandroandhisfamilynexttime,alsoconsiderhowyoumightdevelopotherskillsorknowledgetoenableyoutocontinuetoworkculturallyresponsivelyandrespectfully)

What(new)strategiesIwillnowimplement?

Whatimpactwillthishaveonmyworkpractice?

Howwillmyworkpracticechangeasaresultofthisreflectiveexercise?



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Whatimpactwillthishaveonmyorganisation?

Willitimpactonpolicy,procedure,orpractice?

Whatlearningcanbeappliedtothewholeorganisation?

Step4.Evaluation

(YouwouldonlycompletethissectionafteryouhavegoneawayandappliedsomeofthestrategiesidentifiedinStep3above)

Hastherebeenchange?

HowhaveIsharedthelearningwithothers?

HowhaveIsharedthelearningwithmyorganisation?



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3. Conclusion

Thisworkbookgivesyouthetoolsforworkingcollaborativelywithyourteamtodevelopyourculturallyresponsivepersoncentredpractice.Itexplainshowyoucanusereflectivepracticeandcriticalthinkingtobetterunderstandhowyourworldviewimpactsonandinfluencesyourbehaviourandhelpyouseetheworldfromthepointofviewofthepeopleyousupportandyourco-workers.BuildingovertimeyourskillsandtheskillsofyourteamforworkingculturallyresponsivelyandrespectfullywithpeoplefromCALDbackgroundswithdisability.

Reflection

Whataresomeofthetakeawaymessagesfromthisworkbook?Aretherethingsyoudisagreewith?Wastheresomethingthatsurprisedyou?

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Documents

1.4 Reflective Practice - National Disability Services · Community Engagement – working alongside diverse communities 3.1 1 Community @ a time – culturally responsive community