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Copyright 2007, , All rights reserved
Packers
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Packer What is it?
A Packer is a sub-surface tool used to provide a seal betweenthe Tubing and Casing (or wall) of a well , thus preventing themovement of fluids past this sealing point.
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Why Run a Packer?
Production Control
Well Testing
Equipment ProtectionWell repair and stimulation
Safety
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Why Run a Packer?It is required for Production Control!
In a Gaslift well
To keep casing pressure of the formation.
To facilitate kick-off.To prevent produced (abrasive?) fluids from passing throughthe Gaslift-Valves
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Why Run a Packer?
In multiple zone completions incompatibility of pressures from different zones separate production from different zones control of an individual layer for HGOR or High Water cut
In Steam Injection Wells to provide/maintain the annulus for heat loss control
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Why Run a Packer?It is required for Well Testing!
In Exploration Well Testing because of unknown properties of formation fluids and gasses
In Production Well Testing to locate entry point of water or gas (if PLT is not available)
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Why Run a Packer?It is required for Protection of Equipment!
To protect the casing from corrosive fluids / gasses
To keep-off high formation pressures off the casing andwellhead
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Why Run a Packer?It is required for Well Repair & Stimulation!
Pressure testing of the Casing
Detection of a casing leak
To shut-off gas or water entryDuring squeeze cementation
During fracturing, to keep high pressures off the casing
During acidization as a diversion tooletc.
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Why Run a Packer?It is required for HSE reasons!
In Marine environment, to protect against the effects ofsurface hazards (collision)
To reduce the effects of wellhead leaks
To provide environmental protection from potential failures ofhigh pressure wells near populated areas
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Sealing element
Slips
Casing wall
Cone
Internal slips
Typical Packer
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Packers generic mechanism
Two actions must happen. First, a cone must be driven behind tapered slips to force the
slip out and into the casing wall. Second, a sealing element must be compressed to effect a
seal against the casing wall.
The two most important basic components are therefore theslips and sealing element.
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Packers - generic mechanism
Packer slips can be unidirectional or may be designed toresist force from either direction
Sealing elements may be one piece construction orcomposed of multiple elements of different degrees ofhardness
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Packers - Two main types and typical application
Permanent Packers production phase
Retrievable Packers production phase tool for: production / pressure testing
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Permanent Packers
Packer becomes an integral part of the CasingTubing ran in separatelyRetrieved by milling and picking
AdvantagesTubing can be pulled out leaving packer in holeTubing can be re-run and connected to the packerCheaper than Retrievable Packers
Disadvantagesdestructive removal (milling)milling > casing damage
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PERMANENTPACKER
Seal
Sealbore
Tubing connection
LOCATOR SEALASSEMBLY
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LATCHSLEEVE
Seal Assemblies for Permanent Packers
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Application Seal Assemblies
Locator Seal: when expansion is required
Anchor Seal: to hang-off tubing in tension
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Permanent Packers Applications
High pressure and temperature
Exact location correlated by wireline (Casing Collar Locator)
Deeper setting depths
Trip times are faster, tubing run separately
Deviated and extended reach wells
Maximum dependabilityGravel pack packer - can hang off long screen-liner Assy.
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Method of Setting Permanent Packers
Setting: Electric wireline Hydraulic pressure
Retrieving milling
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Outer Sleevedrive downwards
Inner Bodypull upwards
Setting Permanent Packer
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Firing headattachedto packer
Packerinsidecasing
casing
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Retrievable Packers (1)
Run and set on tubing (or drill pipe in case of well repair)
Integral part of the tubing
Retrieved by pulling the tubing.
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Retrievable Packers Application
Retrievable packers preferred where:
Completion life is relatively short
Wellbore conditions are non-hostile e.g., temperature, pressure, H2S
Setting depth shallow to medium
Low to moderate differential pressures
Straight wellbore or moderate deviation
Multiple zones are to be produced
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Method of setting retrievable packers
Hydraulically Set typical application as a production packer
Mechanically set Typically used during well repair application: tool for pressure and production testing
Compression-set Tension-set Rotational-set (outdated)
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Copyright 2007, , All rights reserved 28SIMPLIFIED CROSS SECTION
hold-down buttons
Inner cylinder
Internal Slips
Cone
SlipsShear Pinsfor releaseShear pinsto drop Ball
Seal element
Hydr.-Set Retr. Packer
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Selection Considerations
Medium to high pressure
Single and dual completions
Deviated holes
Can be set after Tubing and Xmas tree has been installed
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Dual Packer Systems hydr. set retr. packer
Dual packer systems: generally require one dual
packer and one single(conventional) packer
allow production through twotubing strings from the samewellbore
enable production from
adjacent high and low pressurezones
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Method of SettingCompression-Set Packers
Setting Slip and Cone arrangement for setting Tubing weight is used to compress and expand the Sealing
Element cannot be unseated by downward force ( annular pressure
above packer or extra tubing weight Hence holds pressure differentials from above
Retrieving by simple up-pull on tubing
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Selection ConsiderationsCompression-set Packers
Straight and relatively shallow wells
to hold pressure differentials from above, (pressure testingcasing above packer)
to hold pressure from below, a hydraulic hold-down systemhas to be incorporated in the Packer Assembly
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Copyright 2007, , All rights reserved 35MECHANICALLY SET COMPRESSION PACKER
WITH HYDRAULIC HOLD DOWN
EXAMPLE
BAKER MODEL R
RETRIEVABLE PACKER
SIMPLIFIED CROSS SECTION
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Method of SettingTension-Set Packers
Setting by pulling tension in the Tubing
cannot be unseated by upward force
holds pressure differentials from belowRetrieving by simple slack-off on the tubing
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ConeSlips
Shear Pin
SIMPLIFIED CROSS SECTION
Mechanically Set Tension Packer
l d
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Selection ConsiderationsTension-set Packers
Straight and relatively shallow wells selected to hold pressuredifferentials from below, (pressure testing below packer I.e.casing and liner or to frac formation) pressure from below helps
to increase the setting force if dirt settles on top of slips canmake it unretrievable overpull may shear the release pin.
fl bl k
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Expandableseal
element
Pump-outball
Inflatable Packer
k
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Packers
NOT A REAL PACKER BUT
PBR (Polished Bore Receptacle) top of liner hanger in which a locator seal can seal.
TUBING ANCHOR anchors tubing to casing wall but does not seal
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P k hi h ?
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Packer which type?
Selection of one type in preference to another for a givenapplication should be based on : designing for those parameters critical to the successful
performance of this equipment in that completion select the packer which most economically satisfies the
conditions dictated by each individual situation.
P k S l i P
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Packer Selection Process
RETRIEVABLEPACKER SYSTEMReview: Hold-down method Equalization Setting method Positioning
Internal seals Landing conditions
Do unique conditions merituse of a special retrievable
packer or PBR?(Gravel packs)
(Multiple zones)(Steam wells)
(Liner completions)(Temporary completions)
(High deviations)(Fullbore access)
PERMANENT PACKERSYSTEMReview: Setting method Packer-tubing interface Elastomerspecifications Landing conditions Talipipe requirements
Are severe or hostileconditions expected?
( p>5000 psi and T > 300F)
(Axial Load > 50,000 lbs)(H2S > 10%)
Will workovers likelyinvolve packer removal
within 10 years or
fullbore access topay zone?
Do throughborerequirements preclude
use of standard
retrievable packers?
Is access to zone ofinterest limitedby buckled or
collapsed casing?
CONSIDER OPTIONS Roll or swage casing Sidetrack well Use short permanent packers Consider inflatable packers for
limited differentials
Could a PBR be used to providefullbore access to pay zone?
PBR COMPLETION SYSTEMReview Casing or liner Landing conditions Elastomer specs Nipple arrangements
Review options and QA/QC
programme to makesure that equipmentis suitable
Yes
Yes
YesYes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
P k S l i G id
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Packer Selection Guide
production well aspects
PERMANENT PACKER
straightand
shallow
deviatedand deep
horizontal highPress. &
Temp.
multiplezones
shortlife
longlife
wire line set v v v vhydraulic set v v v v vRETRIEVABLE PACKERhydraulic set v v v v v vrotational set v v v vcompression set OPTION vtension set OPTION v
R i R i bl P k
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Running Retrievable Packers
Be careful not to swab in the well when pulling out packer
straight pull release packers may prematurely shear andrelease due to tubing contraction
pressure test may set packer
deposits may render packer non-retrievable