13th Annual State Competitiveness Report · Utah 5.27 16 5.54 16 5.22 22 4.60 31 5.91 8 5.92 6 6.51 3 4.65 33 2.41 50 Vermont 5.10 20 3.81 45 6.35 4 3.17 50 6.52 5 5.32 16 4.15 40

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State Rankings 2014 by State

Index Rank I R I R I R I R I R I R I R I RAlabama 3.69 47 5.57 15 3.31 48 4.56 33 3.70 47 4.82 29 4.66 32 4.69 31 4.90 30Alaska 4.59 32 6.65 1 3.49 47 4.78 28 4.54 34 3.84 46 3.39 49 5.33 20 6.79 2Arizona 4.79 27 5.68 12 4.16 40 4.66 30 4.79 30 5.39 15 5.31 20 4.79 29 4.62 35Arkansas 3.83 46 4.94 32 4.16 41 5.23 21 3.78 45 3.68 49 5.29 21 3.96 42 5.58 15California 4.92 26 2.64 49 5.98 11 3.24 49 4.09 41 5.90 7 6.42 4 6.60 4 4.90 29Colorado 6.45 4 5.08 29 4.64 32 7.43 1 5.51 16 5.98 4 6.24 7 4.27 39 5.04 26Connecticut 4.34 40 2.98 47 6.31 6 4.11 41 5.59 15 5.80 8 2.91 50 6.42 6 3.97 43Delaware 5.47 14 5.52 17 4.82 28 4.37 38 5.01 26 5.01 24 6.39 6 6.29 8 3.95 45Florida 5.03 21 6.63 2 4.32 35 5.28 20 4.17 38 4.18 38 4.91 28 5.32 21 5.26 23Georgia 4.95 25 5.81 8 4.07 43 5.74 12 3.71 46 4.70 33 5.56 16 5.36 19 4.91 28Hawaii 4.99 23 4.17 43 5.25 21 3.58 45 5.91 9 4.16 39 4.16 38 5.48 13 7.26 1Idaho 5.33 15 5.30 22 5.68 18 4.93 26 4.83 29 4.63 34 6.41 5 3.75 45 5.43 17Illinois 4.42 37 2.97 48 6.32 5 5.50 18 4.61 32 5.12 21 3.67 44 5.93 10 4.21 42Indiana 4.42 38 6.48 3 4.78 30 4.47 35 4.76 31 4.78 30 4.83 31 5.38 17 2.83 48Iowa 6.71 3 5.02 31 5.96 12 7.12 2 6.75 3 5.23 19 4.92 26 4.38 37 5.59 14Kansas 5.79 11 4.53 37 4.99 24 5.97 7 5.50 17 5.00 27 5.89 11 4.93 26 5.49 16Kentucky 4.37 39 4.71 34 6.08 8 5.12 25 4.09 40 3.94 43 4.64 33 5.38 15 4.23 41Louisiana 4.05 42 5.29 23 2.66 50 6.04 6 3.47 48 4.01 42 5.35 19 6.11 9 4.34 39Maine 5.19 17 4.36 41 6.02 10 4.17 40 5.65 14 3.81 47 5.58 15 4.65 32 6.30 3Maryland 4.70 29 5.13 28 4.23 37 3.44 47 5.67 13 7.26 2 4.08 42 4.99 24 4.35 38Massachusetts 8.10 1 4.88 33 5.90 13 4.68 29 7.00 2 9.15 1 6.20 8 6.33 7 4.81 31Michigan 4.77 28 5.14 26 4.18 39 5.74 11 4.55 33 5.58 13 3.63 45 5.38 16 5.13 25Minnesota 6.32 5 4.53 38 5.72 16 5.84 9 7.02 1 5.97 5 4.16 39 4.55 35 6.02 7Mississippi 3.17 50 5.38 19 4.20 38 3.98 43 2.61 50 3.92 44 5.43 18 3.93 43 5.27 22Missouri 4.60 31 5.69 11 4.27 36 5.33 19 4.99 28 5.12 20 4.87 29 3.76 44 4.81 32Montana 4.29 41 5.31 21 4.01 44 5.58 16 5.13 24 4.28 36 4.86 30 2.67 50 6.12 6Nebraska 6.17 7 5.14 27 5.89 14 5.81 10 6.10 7 4.92 28 5.67 13 4.14 40 5.70 12Nevada 3.85 45 6.35 4 3.98 45 6.63 4 3.39 49 3.42 50 4.09 41 5.36 18 3.45 47New Hampshire 6.28 6 5.15 25 6.64 1 3.36 48 6.62 4 5.61 12 5.11 22 5.39 14 5.81 11New Jersey 3.38 49 2.04 50 6.36 3 3.79 44 5.18 23 4.74 31 3.58 48 6.85 2 2.79 49New Mexico 3.41 48 5.36 20 2.80 49 4.09 42 4.20 36 5.00 26 4.94 25 3.75 46 5.26 24New York 4.98 24 3.29 46 5.73 15 4.38 37 5.27 19 5.62 11 3.59 47 6.43 5 5.63 13North Carolina 5.61 13 5.40 18 4.99 26 5.15 24 4.18 37 5.32 17 6.87 2 5.07 22 4.78 34North Dakota 7.07 2 6.09 6 4.99 25 6.80 3 6.43 6 5.40 14 5.97 9 4.43 36 5.87 10Ohio 4.60 30 5.02 30 5.07 23 6.21 5 5.01 27 5.01 25 4.25 37 4.71 30 3.55 46Oklahoma 3.90 43 4.64 35 4.43 34 5.71 13 4.14 39 4.04 41 4.92 27 3.69 47 5.28 21Oregon 5.11 19 5.24 24 4.85 27 5.18 23 5.12 25 5.1 22 3.94 43 4.62 34 6.26 4Pennsylvania 4.46 35 4.05 44 5.49 19 4.92 27 5.19 22 5.70 10 4.26 36 4.87 27 3.96 44Rhode Island 5.00 22 4.40 40 6.16 7 4.32 39 5.25 21 6.31 3 3.60 46 5.68 12 4.26 40South Carolina 4.45 36 5.84 7 3.67 46 4.42 36 3.93 44 4.07 40 5.58 14 5.88 11 5.02 27South Dakota 6.13 8 5.70 10 5.45 20 5.61 15 5.74 10 4.48 35 7.18 1 3.16 49 5.95 9Tennessee 4.58 33 6.28 5 4.11 42 5.54 17 4.01 43 4.25 37 5.08 24 5.03 23 4.50 36Texas 6.13 9 5.66 13 4.80 29 5.66 14 4.01 42 4.71 32 5.86 12 7.15 1 5.40 18Utah 5.27 16 5.54 16 5.22 22 4.60 31 5.91 8 5.92 6 6.51 3 4.65 33 2.41 50Vermont 5.10 20 3.81 45 6.35 4 3.17 50 6.52 5 5.32 16 4.15 40 4.98 25 5.99 8Virginia 5.75 12 5.75 9 5.68 17 4.54 34 5.35 18 5.30 18 5.94 10 4.80 28 4.80 33Washington 5.88 10 4.54 36 4.59 33 5.20 22 5.25 20 5.74 9 4.29 34 6.67 3 6.25 5West Virginia 3.90 44 5.58 14 6.53 2 3.55 46 4.31 35 3.88 45 4.26 35 4.31 38 4.39 37Wisconsin 5.17 18 4.52 39 6.07 9 4.56 32 5.73 12 5.09 23 5.09 23 4.13 41 5.29 19Wyoming 4.54 34 4.20 42 4.64 31 5.90 8 5.74 11 3.79 48 5.48 17 3.63 48 5.29 20

Subindexes, Rank in 2014

OverallGovt &

Fiscal PolicySecurity InfrStrc

Human Resources

Tech Biz Incub. Openness Enviro Plcy

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14th Annual BHI State Competitiveness Report / Page 3

From the Project Manager

From the Project Manager Director

The Beacon Hill Institute at Suffolk University is pleased to release its 14th Annual State Competitiveness Report. Published since 2001, the report, centered on a comprehensive index, has increasingly drawn the attention of policymakers, economists and public officials seeking to identify the strengths and weaknesses in their state’s ability to promote economic growth. The impulse for scorecards never ceases and the academic debate about the determinants of state economic growth moves forward. Inquiries continue to be made about how a state’s ranking on the BHI Index fares in comparison to other indices. For more than a decade, the BHI State Competitiveness Report has been our contribution to the conversation.

The BHI Index is different from most state business climate indices. It goes beyond tax policy and regulatory analyses that extend beyond those covered elsewhere. The BHI Index identifies how well a state performs in its ability to cultivate, for example, a solid base of scientists and engineers and groundswell of patents or a positive savings rate while keeping business costs to a minimum. It also underscores the importance of human capital suggesting that the overall health and educational attainment of its workers is as important as fiscal rectitude or natural endowments. Natural resource rich states have no particular advantage over states without substantial endowments. And states that are diverse bring no particular advantage over farm states, for instance. A

common thread identifying success is the development of human capital – well educated workers as well as risk takers who can draw venture capital.

On the other hand taxes and fiscal policy are not to be discounted. They are of a t least equal value when it comes to sustaining advantages.

Pointing to economic growth at the state level, the BHI Index has been successful because it serves as a clarion call for policymakers to protect the gains maintained over a decade and to identify the weak spots that invite policy changes.

Once again our home state, Massachusetts, retained its first place ranking thanks in part to its high concentration of physicians, venture capital and technology advantages. Despite its overall first place finish, Massachusetts does have areas that suggest a need for improvement. The persistent problems identified here and from other studies suggest that high energy, labor and housing costs are weighing the state down. Long term success on the infrastructure side remains elusive for the Bay State. In addition to Massachusetts, North Dakota, Iowa, Colorado, Minnesota, New Hampshire, Nebraska, South Dakota, Texas and Washington fill out this year’s top ten. Texas is the largest state in terms of population in the top ten and North Dakota the smallest. The bottom five states are Arkansas, Alabama, New Mexico, New Jersey and Mississippi.

This edition of the Competitiveness Report is the product of months of collaboration with students who assisted in various aspects of data collection, production and promotion. While learning the art of number-crunching, fact-checking and Microsoft Excel programming along the way, the students improved their research and media skills. It’s always an immense pleasure to work with tomorrow’s economists.

This year’s contribution has been made possible by the extensive direction and able leadership of Pedro Jardim, a 2014 graduate of Tufts University and a native of Brazil. Pedro performed his duties with great distinction and care — meeting the challenges of a harsh 2015 New England winter as happy warrior. Along the way he was helped by Suffolk University students Marvin St. Jean (Class of 2016) and Sheith Sadeddin (Class of 2017). Students Ruija Zhang from the University of Massachusetts-Boston (Class of 2015), Lucas Bavaro from Dartmouth University (Class of 2017) and Mitchell Hildreth from Bates College (Class of 2017) provided additional support in the production process.

We believe that the variety of experience each team member brings to the project is an example of human capital put to its best use. The soft skills of our team make the hard data easier to understand. We can’t say it enough: for competitiveness, the deepening of human capital is essential for highly-motivated entities, whether they are states, metropolitan areas, or research organizations - like our own Beacon Hill Institute here at Suffolk University.

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Table of Contents

Alabama ............................................................................................................................................................... 16Alaska ................................................................................................................................................................... 17Arizona ................................................................................................................................................................. 18Arkansas ............................................................................................................................................................... 19California .............................................................................................................................................................. 20Colorado ............................................................................................................................................................... 21Connecticut .......................................................................................................................................................... 22Delaware .............................................................................................................................................................. 23Florida .................................................................................................................................................................. 24Georgia ................................................................................................................................................................. 25Hawaii .................................................................................................................................................................. 26Idaho .................................................................................................................................................................... 27Illinois ................................................................................................................................................................... 28Indiana ................................................................................................................................................................. 29Iowa...................................................................................................................................................................... 30Kansas .................................................................................................................................................................. 31Kentucky ............................................................................................................................................................... 32Louisiana .............................................................................................................................................................. 33Maine ................................................................................................................................................................... 34Maryland .............................................................................................................................................................. 35Massachusetts ...................................................................................................................................................... 36Michigan ............................................................................................................................................................... 37Minnesota ............................................................................................................................................................ 38Mississippi ............................................................................................................................................................ 39Missouri ............................................................................................................................................................... 40Montana ............................................................................................................................................................... 41Nebraska .............................................................................................................................................................. 42Nevada ................................................................................................................................................................. 43New Hampshire .................................................................................................................................................... 44New Jersey ........................................................................................................................................................... 45New Mexico ......................................................................................................................................................... 46New York .............................................................................................................................................................. 47North Carolina ...................................................................................................................................................... 48North Dakota ........................................................................................................................................................ 49Ohio ...................................................................................................................................................................... 50Oklahoma ............................................................................................................................................................. 51Oregon ................................................................................................................................................................. 52Pennsylvania ........................................................................................................................................................ 53Rhode Island ........................................................................................................................................................ 54South Carolina ...................................................................................................................................................... 55South Dakota ........................................................................................................................................................ 56Tennessee ............................................................................................................................................................. 57Texas ..................................................................................................................................................................... 58Utah ..................................................................................................................................................................... 59Vermont ............................................................................................................................................................... 60Virginia ................................................................................................................................................................. 61Washington .......................................................................................................................................................... 62West Virginia ........................................................................................................................................................ 63Wisconsin ............................................................................................................................................................. 64Wyoming .............................................................................................................................................................. 65

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BHI State Competitiveness Report 2014 / Page 5

“A state is competitive if it has in place the policies and conditions that ensure and sustain a high level of per capita income and continued growth.”

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Defining State Competitiveness

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e-About the BHI’s State Competitiveness Index

How does one state create more economic activity, and hence more income for its citizens, than other states? What special characteristics or attributes lead to generating this higher income? Since 2001, BHI’s State Competitiveness Report has identified the qualities that allow some areas to excel in income generation, and the qualities that inhibit other areas from attaining the same level of competitiveness. This question quickly leads on to others:

How are these qualities measured? What standard should be used to determine

whether a state is competitive or not? Indeed, why is it even interesting to measure

competitiveness? How does economic competitiveness differ from

interstate competition for workers, firms and capital?

These questions have consumed economists since the time of Adam Smith. This State Competitiveness Report uses these questions as a starting point. The indexes are designed to measure the long-term competitiveness of an area, and use a similar approach to the one taken in BHI’s earlier studies of state competitiveness.

In this most recent report, Massachusetts once again retained the top spot. North Dakota finished second, followed by Iowa, Colorado, Minnesota, New Hampshire, Nebraska, South Dakota, Texas and Washington.

What is Competitiveness?

We consider a state to be competitive if it has in place the policies and conditions that ensure and sustain a high level of per capita income and its continued growth. To achieve this, a state should be able both to attract and incubate new businesses and provide an environment that is conducive to the growth of existing firms.

Competitiveness may be thought of as a catch-all term that covers what Michael Porter calls “the microeconomic foundations of prosperity.” The states of the United States all face the same macroeconomic conditions set at the top – national fiscal, monetary, and trade policy.

Where they differ from one another is in their microeconomic policies such as tax and regulatory

regimes, their provision and emphasis on education, and their attractiveness to business. These policies matter. As Porter puts it, “wealth is actually created at the microeconomic level … in the ability of firms to create valuable goods and services using productive methods.” 1

It follows that the outcome of competitiveness is greater affluence, measured by higher levels of per capita real Gross State Product (GSP) or personal income.

Quantifying Competitiveness

To be useful as a concept, it is essential to have an operational measure of competitiveness, a measure

that aggregates the key microeconomic variables into a single index. In its influential annual Global Competitiveness Report, the World Economic Forum does this for the countries of the world, but until BHI’s index there has not been an equivalent at the level of the states of the U.S. There are some more specialized rankings of the states, but none meet the criteria for measuring competitiveness as defined above, or have an equivalent breadth of coverage. We believe the Institute’s index meets the challenge.

In thinking about how to create an index of competitiveness, we begin with the simple economic relation:

( , ,Technology)Y f K L=

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This says that output (Y) depends on the amount of capital (K), labor (L) and technology that is harnessed by the economy. As expected, more inputs lead to more output. But what raises input levels? And why do some states mix the ingredients – sound fiscal policies, educated workforce, and openness to trade – more successfully than others?

To answer these questions we need to focus on the quality of the business environment. Using his celebrated “diamond,” Porter finds it helpful to group the influences into four components:

the quality of available inputs; the sophistication of local

demand; , the nature of local suppliers

and the extent to which they form clusters; and ,

the rules and institutions t h a t g o v e r n t h e market.2

These are stil l very broad categories and so, following the Porter-inspired Global Competitiveness Report, we actually classify our indicators i n to e i g ht g ro u p s . T h e breakdown is as follows:

Government and fiscal policies. Businesses are more likely to be attracted to areas with moderate tax rates and clear evidence of financial discipline (as evidenced, for instance, by high state and municipal bond ratings, and budgetary balance). This sub-index is designed to pick up these effects.

Security. A state will be more attractive to business if public officials are trusted, and if crime is low. The security sub-index addresses these dimensions of competitiveness, with particular emphasis on the importance of public safety.

Infrastructure. How easy is commuting? Do most households have access to high-speed broadband and telephone service? Is housing affordable? How expensive is energy? These are the elements of competitiveness that are included in the infrastructure sub-index for each state.

Human resources. A high level of labor force participation, and skilled labor that is readily available and not too expensive, combined with a widespread commitment to education, training and health care, make a state attractive for business. These factors are captured in the human resources sub-index.

Technology. Since the arrival of the industrial revolution, the development and application of technology has been central to economic

development. The technology sub-index measures this by taking into account research funding; the number of patents issued the proportion of scientists and engineers in the labor force, and the importance of high tech companies.

Business Incubation. A good idea is not enough; businesses also need to be able to mobilize financing f o r i n v e s t m e n t , b o t h internally and from the financial system. A higher rate of business births is a particularly clear sign of a competitive environment, a n d i s a n i m p o r t a n t component of the business incubation sub-index. This year we have added two other variables: an index

that tracks the potential costs of tort liability, and a measure of the education-adjusted cost of labor.

Openness. Open economies tend to be more competitive and hence more productive, in addition to specializing more thoroughly in their areas of comparative advantage. The openness sub-index measures how connected the firms and people in a state are with the rest of the world. It is based on the level of exports, as well as the percent of the population born abroad, a key element.

Environmental Policy. States that are faced with environmental problems, or that have a heavy-handed policy of environmental regulation, are


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sslikely to be less attractive to businesses as well as to their workers and managers; we measure this effect with the environmental policy sub-index, which among other things reflects the levels of air pollution and of toxic releases. Decent air quality is a measure that states are pursuing policies that improve the environment, and attracts workers and investors.

A complete list of the components of the competitiveness indexes is given in Table A1 at the end of this section of the report. To generate this report we have used the most recent data available.

The eight categories are coherent, but there is inevitably some degree of arbitrariness in the way in which individual data series are assigned to the sub-indexes. For instance, the amount of air travel could be included in the infrastructure s u b - i n d e x o r the measure o f o p e n n e s s ; a n d electricity prices could be included in the infrastructure sub-index or the environmental sub-index. In practice, the assignment of a data series is much less important than the fact that it is included at all.

A competitiveness index is simply a summary measure based on a large number of variables. One difficult, and controversial, part is choosing a weighting scheme. Our approach is the simplest and most transparent: within each sub-index, each variable carries equal weight. Then each sub-index is given the same weight when constructing the overall index. This has been referred to as a “democratic” weighting structure, and is a reasonable artifact. If two series were very highly correlated, there would be no need to include both of them in the index; at first sight, one might expect some series to move together, such as the level of taxation and the number of state employees. In practice, neither these series, nor the others that make up the building blocks of our index, are closely correlated, suggesting that they are indeed picking up different facets of competitiveness.

Is the competitiveness index useful?

Do the indexes of state competitiveness explain affluence and growth? If the index is properly constructed, then it should help explain why some areas are affluent and others are not. In our experiment we estimate an equation with the following general form:

Adjusted Personal Income per capita = a + b × Competitiveness Index

We use a measure of personal income per capita for 2014, which is the year that corresponds best to the timing of most of the component series that make up our most recent competitiveness index. Since the cost of living varies from state to state, we adjust the raw

numbers to take account of these differences using reg ional pr ice parities generated by the Bureau o f E c o n o m i c A n a l y s i s . 3 T h i s g i v e s u s t h e fo l l o w i n g e s t i m a t e d equation:

Real personal income per capita in 2014 = 33,149 + 2,429 * Index

t=3.95 t =10.57p=0.000 p=0.000

This equation has an R2 of 0.245. The data points, and the line fitted through them, are shown in Figure 1.

So a one-point rise in the index is associated with a $2,429 per capita increase in real personal income. Note that personal income is adjusted for price differences across states. The mean value of real personal income per capita by this measure was $45,294 in 2014, so an increase in the competitiveness index of one point is associated with

Figure 1

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a 5.4% increase in real per capita income.

The coefficient on the Index variable, which is on a scale of 0 (not competitive) to 10 (very competitive), indicates that every additional one point on the competitiveness index is associated with $2,429 more in per capita income.

Thus, if Alabama (ranked 47th with an index of 3.69) could achieve the same competitiveness as Massachusetts (ranked 1st with an index of 8.10), per capita income in Alabama would be over $10,711 higher than it is currently, an increase of nearly 23.8%. In short, competitiveness really does matter.

Putting the competitiveness index to work

What do we learn from this exercise? Naturally it is interesting to look at the raw rankings (Table 1 on page 6), but this may not be the most important use of the information. The detailed data, both in individual variables and the sub-indexes, allow one to identify the determinants of competitiveness. This is of value to policy makers, who are then in a better position to identify what needs to be done, in order of priority, to improve the position of their states.

The logic behind this is that a higher competitiveness indicator index is associated with greater affluence. A reasonable inference is that if one were to improve competitiveness, then residents of the state would be better off. And the greatest upside potential is for the indicators whose performance is currently weak. For instance, a low-crime state may have trouble reducing the crime rate further, while for a high-crime state, efforts to reduce crime are likely to be an efficient way to boost competitiveness.

To illustrate, we could pick a state which performs particularly well in some areas but ranks very low in some others, that is to say, a state that ranks in the middle of our index. Georgia ranks 25th out of 50 states, with a competitiveness index of 4.95. It ranks well on fiscal policy (8th / 5.81), infrastructure (12th / 5.74), and business incubation (16th / 5.56), but relatively poorly in human resources (46st / 3.71), and security (43th / 4.07). If it were to raise these last two indexes just to the mean

value of 5.0, (e.g. security index goes from 4.07 to 5). then Georgia’s ranking would jump from 25th to 11th in the nation, This represents an increase in the index of 0.88, which would be associated with $2,158 more personal income per capita (i.e. a rise of 5.2% relative to its current real income per capita of $41,495).

What next?

Since 2001, when we began compiling these rankings, we have set out to invite the policymakers, citizens and the media to pore over the detailed results contained here. We have also visited state houses from Massachusetts to Rhode Island and Arizona to Wisconsin, and have hosted discussions with delegations from the Republic of Georgia, China, and other nations. Legislatures and planning agencies have sought ways to improve their rankings. Some of the suggestions, such as adjusting the cost of labor for educational attainment, have been incorporated.

Since then, we h ave re c e i ve d significant press a t t e n t i o n a n d fielded very many questions about our methodology. S o m e h a v e co m p a re d o u r rankings to those of other studies t h a t s t r e s s

economic freedom or low tax criteria. We do agree that economic freedom and sound tax policy are important, and our index of competitiveness includes some indicators, such as the share of state tax collections in Gross State Product, that measure the weight of government quite well. However, we believe that other factors are also important to competitiveness, even if they are not easy to place on a scale of economic freedom or fit into the ideals of low tax regimes; these include such variables as the time that is required to travel to work, the availability of venture capital, the number of patents generated, and the importance to the economy of high-tech firms. For each state, we set out the main competitive strengths and weaknesses to give individuals a sense of where their home state has been and which direction it could be taking.

The central goal of this report is to engage everyone in thinking about how best to improve long-term


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economic growth, while expanding and maintaining high levels of personal income. At the state level, even if it is essential to think global, we still have to act local.

(Endnotes)1 Michael Porter, “The Current Competitiveness Index: Measuring the Microeconomic Foundations of Prosperity,” in World Economic Forum, The Global Competitiveness Report 2000, Oxford University Press, New York, 2000. For more discussion of competitiveness applied to nations see “What is Competitiveness?” The Competitiveness Institute, (September 2007): http://www.competitiveness.org/article/articleview/774/1/32/ (accessed November 1, 2008).2 Michael E. Porter, The Competitive Advantage of Nations, Free Press, New York, 1990.3 Bettina H. Aten, Eric B. Figueroa, and Troy M. Martin, “Real Personal Income and Regional Price Parities for States and Metropolitan Areas, 2008–2012,” http://www.bea.gov/scb/pdf/2014/06%20June/0614_real_personal_income_and%20_regional_price_parities_for_states_and%20metrpolitan_areas.pdf.4 Data sources are available by emailing [email protected].

Table 1State Competitiveness Rankings

Index Rank Index Rank Index Rank Index Rank Index Rank Index Rank Index Rank Index Rank Index RankMassachusetts 8.10 1 7.57 1 7.77 1 7.34 1 6.76 3 7.04 1 7.33 1 7.07 2 7.28 1North Dakota 7.07 2 7.06 2 6.99 2 7.29 2 7.39 1 6.93 2 6.75 3 6.36 4 6.27 5Iowa 6.71 3 6.25 6 5.55 13 5.94 8 5.95 9 6.13 9 5.74 12 5.48 18 5.54 18Colorado 6.45 4 6.06 7 6.36 6 6.90 3 6.79 2 6.33 6 6.73 4 6.59 3 6.33 4Minnesota 6.32 5 6.48 5 6.81 3 6.50 4 6.42 5 6.58 4 6.17 7 6.20 6 6.00 9New Hampshire 6.28 6 6.85 3 5.67 12 5.84 11 5.91 10 5.70 15 5.63 17 5.88 9 6.60 3Nebraska 6.17 7 6.51 4 5.75 11 5.97 6 6.36 6 5.55 16 5.68 14 5.82 11 5.97 11Texas 6.13 9 5.91 9 6.18 7 5.70 15 4.99 25 4.95 24 4.94 23 5.35 20 5.15 22South Dakota 6.13 8 5.83 11 6.48 4 5.75 13 6.01 8 5.89 12 5.75 11 5.90 8 6.00 8Washington 5.88 10 5.70 15 6.05 8 5.91 9 5.62 14 6.15 8 6.57 6 5.94 7 5.87 13Kansas 5.79 11 5.72 14 5.77 10 5.83 12 5.68 13 5.72 14 5.62 18 5.53 17 5.61 17Virginia 5.75 12 5.88 10 6.03 9 5.96 7 5.81 11 5.80 13 5.64 16 5.62 16 5.98 10North Carolina 5.61 13 5.68 16 4.93 26 5.36 21 5.21 21 4.51 30 4.68 27 4.70 30 4.90 26Delaware 5.47 14 5.33 20 5.32 17 4.97 24 5.19 22 5.16 20 5.37 19 4.85 27 5.22 21Idaho 5.33 15 5.73 13 5.38 16 5.61 16 5.37 18 6.12 10 6.58 5 6.24 5 6.06 6Utah 5.27 16 6.01 8 6.42 5 6.33 5 6.22 7 6.65 3 6.79 2 7.39 1 7.12 2Maine 5.19 17 4.95 24 4.69 30 4.56 28 4.65 32 5.05 23 4.70 26 4.45 35 4.33 36Wisconsin 5.17 18 5.15 22 5.26 18 5.35 22 5.18 23 5.07 22 5.33 20 5.15 22 5.27 19Oregon 5.11 19 5.37 19 5.15 22 5.56 17 5.60 15 6.11 11 5.97 8 5.74 14 5.66 15Vermont 5.10 20 5.78 12 5.25 19 5.72 14 5.36 19 5.48 18 5.69 13 5.78 12 5.95 12Florida 5.03 21 4.59 30 5.04 25 5.47 18 5.79 12 4.87 25 4.58 32 4.63 33 4.89 27Rhode Island 5.00 22 5.43 17 5.11 23 5.39 19 5.31 20 4.68 29 4.58 31 5.19 21 4.95 25Hawaii 4.99 23 3.55 49 4.44 35 5.38 20 4.13 40 4.72 27 3.94 45 4.30 40 4.00 42New York 4.98 24 4.80 26 4.59 34 4.53 29 4.66 31 4.37 35 4.38 35 4.37 38 4.44 35Georgia 4.95 25 5.42 18 4.92 27 4.52 30 3.78 46 4.69 28 4.28 37 4.68 31 4.70 30California 4.92 26 4.62 29 5.09 24 4.50 31 4.71 29 4.48 32 4.70 25 5.10 24 5.26 20Arizona 4.79 27 5.00 23 4.67 31 4.49 32 5.04 24 5.12 21 5.10 22 5.47 19 5.62 16Michigan 4.77 28 4.41 32 4.87 28 4.90 25 4.59 33 4.47 33 4.60 30 4.16 41 4.46 34Maryland 4.70 29 5.26 21 5.21 20 5.20 23 4.81 26 4.48 31 4.66 28 5.12 23 5.13 23Missouri 4.60 31 4.74 28 4.64 32 4.43 33 4.71 30 4.44 34 4.61 29 4.87 26 4.58 31Ohio 4.60 30 4.39 33 4.14 40 3.90 45 3.91 43 3.68 47 3.95 44 3.89 45 3.91 44Alaska 4.59 32 4.12 40 5.41 14 4.28 36 4.79 27 6.31 7 4.82 24 5.77 13 5.75 14Tennessee 4.58 33 3.97 43 4.27 36 4.17 38 3.84 44 3.76 46 4.16 41 4.41 37 4.01 41Wyoming 4.54 34 4.85 25 5.40 15 5.87 10 6.54 4 6.37 5 5.94 9 5.86 10 6.00 7Pennsylvania 4.46 35 4.55 31 4.16 39 4.15 39 4.47 35 4.18 39 4.18 39 4.47 34 4.57 32South Carolina 4.45 36 4.19 38 4.10 42 3.80 47 3.98 42 3.86 45 3.93 46 4.07 42 4.28 37Indiana 4.42 38 4.23 37 4.06 43 3.91 43 4.35 37 4.26 37 4.37 36 3.91 44 3.72 45Illinois 4.42 37 3.85 45 4.23 38 3.90 44 4.49 34 4.33 36 4.45 33 4.43 36 4.51 33Kentucky 4.37 39 4.27 35 3.91 44 3.87 46 4.08 41 3.95 43 4.21 38 4.31 39 4.14 39Connecticut 4.34 40 4.77 27 4.62 33 4.88 26 4.73 28 4.81 26 5.16 21 4.93 25 5.01 24Montana 4.29 41 4.25 36 5.19 21 4.81 27 5.47 17 5.52 17 5.88 10 5.68 15 4.87 28Louisiana 4.05 42 4.15 39 4.24 37 4.10 40 4.14 39 4.06 41 3.30 49 2.75 50 3.44 48Oklahoma 3.90 43 3.70 47 3.68 45 4.35 35 3.82 45 3.91 44 4.17 40 4.68 32 4.13 40West Virginia 3.90 44 3.57 48 3.52 48 4.00 42 3.27 49 3.54 48 3.70 47 3.46 47 3.32 49Nevada 3.85 45 4.37 34 4.84 29 4.17 37 5.47 16 5.35 19 5.64 15 4.73 28 4.79 29Arkansas 3.83 46 4.02 42 4.11 41 4.37 34 4.16 38 4.23 38 4.03 43 3.54 46 3.61 46Alabama 3.69 47 3.71 46 3.36 49 3.48 49 3.42 48 3.20 50 3.39 48 3.44 48 3.61 47New Mexico 3.41 48 3.88 44 3.67 46 4.00 41 3.74 47 4.14 40 4.39 34 4.72 29 4.22 38New Jersey 3.38 49 4.02 41 3.60 47 3.73 48 4.45 36 4.03 42 4.15 42 4.07 43 3.94 43Mississippi 3.17 50 3.51 50 3.11 50 3.05 50 2.88 50 3.29 49 3.12 50 2.97 49 3.02 50

2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006

http://[email protected]

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Table A1 Components of Sub‐indexes for States 2014

Sub‐index Competitiveness Indicators Index (“objective”)

Government & Fiscal Policy

State and local taxes per capita /income per capita(‐) Workers’ compensation premium rates (‐) Bond rating (composite of S&P’s and Moody’s, scale 1‐25) (+) Budget surplus/deficit as % of Gross State Product (+) Average weekly payment to insured unemployed (‐) Full‐time‐equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents (‐)

Security Crime index per 100,000 inhabitants (‐) % Change in crime index, YoY(‐) Murders index per 100,000 inhabitants (‐) The BGA Integrity Index (+)

Infrastructure Mobile Phones per 1000) (+) High‐speed lines per 1000 (+) Air passengers per capita (+) Average travel time to work (‐) Electricity Prices per kWh (‐) Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment (‐)

Human Resources

% of population without health insurance (‐) % of population aged 25 and over that graduated from high school (+) Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted (‐) % of students enrolled in degree‐granting institutions per 1000 (+) % of adults in the labor force (+) Infant mortality rate in deaths per 1,000 live births (‐) Total active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants (+) % of students at or above proficient in mathematics, Grade 4 public schools (+)

Technology Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP (+) NIH support to institutions in the state, per capita (+) Patents per 100,000 inhabitants (+) Number of S&E graduate students per 100,000 residents (+) S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 residents (+) Individuals in science and engineering occupations as % of the labor force (+) Employment in high‐tech industry as a % of total employment(+)

Business Incubation

Deposits in commercial banks and savings institutions, per capita (+) Venture capital investment dollars per worker (+) Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants (+) IPO volume, in $ per capita (+) % of labor force that is represented by unions (‐) Minimum wage (‐) Pacific Research Institute’s Tort Liability Index (‐) Cost of labor adjusted for educational attainment (‐)

Openness Exports per capita, $ (+) Employment in majority‐owned U.S. Affiliates in State/Total employment in State, (+) (proxy for Foreign Direct Investment) % of population born abroad (+)

Environmental Policy

Toxic release inventory, on‐site and off‐site, total (new and original industries), pounds/sq. miles (‐) Greenhouse Gas Emissions (million metric tons of carbon equivalent (MTCE) per 1000 Sq. Miles) (‐) Air quality (% good average days) (+)

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State Index

“The states of the United States all face the same macroeconomic conditions set at the top – national fiscal, monetary and trade policy. Where they differ from one another is in their microeconomic policies such as tax and regulatory regimes, their provision and emphasis on education, and their attractiveness to business. These policies matter.”


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How to Read the Index Pages

Data sets which include all scores and rankings for all variables are available upon request. Contact [email protected].

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Page 16 / 14th Annual State Competitiveness Report

Alabama

ALABAMA Index Overall Rank

2014 3.69 47

COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.57 15 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.57 15State and local taxes per capita /income per capita 5.86 10 Budget deficit, % of GSP 4.54 41

Average weekly payment to insured unemployed 6.56 3 Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents

4.53 40

Security subindex 3.31 48 Security subindex 3.31 48Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 3.84 44Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 3.34 49The BGA Integrity Index 3.68 45

Infrastructure subindex 4.56 33 Infrastructure subindex 4.56 33Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 5.94 8 High-speed lines per 1000 3.92 46

Air passengers per capita 4.20 46

Human resources subindex 3.70 47 Human resources subindex 3.70 47Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 5.15 18 % of population aged 25 and over that graduated from high

school 3.83 43

% of adults who are in the labor force 3.43 48Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 3.53 48Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 3.97 44% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade 4 - public schools

3.19 48

Technology subindex 4.67 31 Technology subindex 4.67 31Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.25 12 Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 4.01 44S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 5.13 19

Business incubation subindex 4.43 32 Business incubation subindex 4.43 32Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment 5.70 17 Total deposits (Commercial banks and Savings institutions) per

capita4.70 37

Venture capital per capita 4.46 45Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 3.91 48IPO volume, in $ per capita 4.31 31

Openness subindex 3.27 49 Openness subindex 3.27 49Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars 5.40 19 % of population born abroad 4.10 42

Environmental policy subindex 5.07 28 Environmental policy subindex 5.07 28Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles 4.66 38Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles 5.03 33

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State Index

Alaska

ALASKA Index Overall Rank

2014 4.59 32


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 6.65 1 Government and fiscal policy subindex 6.65 1State and local taxes per capita /income per capita 6.87 2 Workers’ compensation premium rates 3.44 46

Bond rating: composite 6.01 1 Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents

2.47 49

Budget deficit, % of GSP 10.00 1Average weekly payment to insured unemployed 5.84 11

Security subindex 3.49 47 Security subindex 3.49 47Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.27 36Crime index change 2012-2013, % 2.56 50The BGA Integrity Index 4.73 35

Infrastructure subindex 4.78 28 Infrastructure subindex 4.78 28High-speed lines per 1000 5.33 17 Mobile Phones per 1000 4.10 42Air passengers per capita 7.03 3 Electricity Prices per kWh 3.33 49Average travel time to work 6.21 8 Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 3.56 46

Human resources subindex 4.55 34 Human resources subindex 4.55 34% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from high school

6.08 6 % of population without health insurance 3.67 45

Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 5.15 18 % of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions 3.62 49% of adults who are in the labor force 5.26 20 % of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade 4 -

public schools 4.13 42

Technology subindex 3.81 47 Technology subindex 3.81 47Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 5.67 8 Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.50 37

NIH support to institutions per capita 4.18 47Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 3.84 49S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 3.12 50Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment 4.54 31

Business incubation subindex 3.72 46 Business incubation subindex 3.72 46Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 5.26 17 Total deposits (Commercial banks and Savings institutions) per

capita4.66 48

Pacific Research Institute Tort Index 7.04 1 Venture capital per capita 4.44 49IPO volume, in $ per capita 4.31 31% of labor force that is represented by unions 2.59 49Minimum wage 4.71 34Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment 2.97 48

Openness subindex 5.46 12 Openness subindex 5.46 12Exports per capita, dollars 5.79 5

Environmental policy subindex 5.36 23 Environmental policy subindex 5.36 23Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles 6.02 1 Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles 4.68 37Air Quality Index 7.90 2

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Arizona

ARIZONA Index Overall Rank

2014 4.79 27


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.68 12 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.68 12State and local taxes per capita /income per capita 5.39 17 Bond rating: composite 3.61 46

Workers’ compensation premium rates 5.56 14Average weekly payment to insured unemployed 6.29 5Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents

6.36 2

Security subindex 4.16 40 Security subindex 4.16 40Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 3.79 45Crime index change 2012-2013, % 4.79 32Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.28 37

Infrastructure subindex 4.66 30 Infrastructure subindex 4.66 30Air passengers per capita 5.63 7 Mobile Phones per 1000 4.26 38Electricity Prices per kWh 5.49 13 High-speed lines per 1000 4.33 36

Average travel time to work 4.77 32Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 4.83 34

Human resources subindex 4.90 29 Human resources subindex 4.90 29% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions 7.98 2 % of population without health insurance 4.03 41Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 5.44 20 % of population aged 25 and over that graduated from high

school 4.18 36

Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 4.19 39% of adults who are in the labor force 3.92 42Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.56 32% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade 4 - public schools

4.53 34

Technology subindex 5.32 16 Technology subindex 5.32 16S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 7.24 1 NIH support to institutions per capita 4.46 37Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 5.47 11 Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants 4.68 31Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment 5.46 14

Business incubation subindex 5.34 17 Business incubation subindex 5.34 17IPO volume, in $ per capita 5.70 11 Total deposits (Commercial banks and Savings institutions) per

capita4.66 46

% of labor force that is represented by unions 6.04 9 Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 4.49 32Pacific Research Institute Tort Index 5.42 16 Minimum wage 4.52 37

Openness subindex 4.83 29 Openness subindex 4.83 29% of population born abroad 5.77 12 Exports per capita, dollars 4.48 37

Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars 4.35 35

Environmental policy subindex 4.99 31 Environmental policy subindex 4.99 31Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles 5.70 15 Air Quality Index 3.14 49

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State Index

Arkansas

ARKANSAS Index Overall Rank

2014 3.83 46


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 4.94 32 Government and fiscal policy subindex 4.94 32Workers’ compensation premium rates 6.58 3 State and local taxes per capita /income per capita 4.32 39

Average weekly payment to insured unemployed 5.25 20 Bond rating: composite 4.68 37Budget deficit, % of GSP 4.50 44Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents

4.50 41

Security subindex 4.16 41 Security subindex 4.16 41The BGA Integrity Index 5.69 10 Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 3.41 47

Crime index change 2012-2013, % 4.53 36Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.28 37

Infrastructure subindex 5.23 21 Infrastructure subindex 5.23 21Average travel time to work 5.69 11 High-speed lines per 1000 4.02 45Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 6.13 3 Air passengers per capita 4.26 44

Electricity Prices per kWh 5.05 35

Human resources subindex 3.78 45 Human resources subindex 3.78 45% of population without health insurance 4.32 37% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from high school

3.80 44

Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 4.51 33% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions 4.45 34% of adults who are in the labor force 3.76 46Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 4.13 39Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 3.77 48% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade 4 - public schools

4.53 34

Technology subindex 3.61 49 Technology subindex 3.61 49Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.05 44NIH support to institutions per capita 4.27 44Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 3.86 48Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants 3.74 48S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 4.38 34Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 3.70 47Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment 3.88 48

Business incubation subindex 5.60 15 Business incubation subindex 5.60 15Venture capital per capita 4.83 20 Total deposits (Commercial banks and Savings institutions) per

capita4.70 38

% of labor force that is represented by unions 6.39 1 Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 4.42 38Minimum wage 6.61 4 IPO volume, in $ per capita 4.31 31Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment 5.90 10

Openness subindex 3.98 40 Openness subindex 3.98 40Exports per capita, dollars 4.27 38Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars 4.49 32% of population born abroad 4.29 37

Environmental policy subindex 5.74 15 Environmental policy subindex 5.74 15Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles 5.50 19Air Quality Index 5.31 18

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California

CALIFORNIA Index Overall Rank

2014 4.92 26COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGES

Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 2.64 49 Government and fiscal policy subindex 2.64 49Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents

6.08 3 State and local taxes per capita /income per capita 3.47 47

Workers’ compensation premium rates 1.87 50Bond rating: composite 2.54 49Budget deficit, % of GSP 4.39 49

Security subindex 5.98 11 Security subindex 5.98 11Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 6.49 1 Crime index change 2012-2013, % 4.81 31The BGA Integrity Index 6.43 5

Infrastructure subindex 3.24 49 Infrastructure subindex 3.24 49High-speed lines per 1000 5.48 13 Average travel time to work 3.94 44Air passengers per capita 5.10 16 Electricity Prices per kWh 3.87 46

Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 2.96 49

Human resources subindex 4.07 41 Human resources subindex 4.07 41% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions 5.24 16 % of population without health insurance 4.01 43

Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 6.32 4 % of population aged 25 and over that graduated from high school

2.94 50

Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 5.08 20 Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 3.62 47% of adults who are in the labor force 4.17 39% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade 4 - public schools

3.59 46

Technology subindex 6.03 5 Technology subindex 6.03 5NIH support to institutions per capita 5.42 11 S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 4.22 39Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 7.48 1Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants

5.26 18

Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 6.17 7Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment

6.68 6

Business incubation subindex 4.95 24 Business incubation subindex 4.95 24Total deposits (Commercial banks and Savings institutions) per capita

4.81 16 % of labor force that is represented by unions 3.91 45

Venture capital per capita 9.18 2 Minimum wage 3.12 48Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 9.26 1 Pacific Research Institute Tort Index 4.24 41IPO volume, in $ per capita 5.72 10 Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment 3.93 44

Openness subindex 6.51 6 Openness subindex 6.51 6% of population born abroad 7.97 1

Environmental policy subindex 4.62 38 Environmental policy subindex 4.62 38Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles 5.66 15 Air Quality Index 4.07 44

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State Index

Colorado

COLORADO Index Overall Rank

2014 6.45 4



Workers’ compensation premium rates 5.75 10 Average weekly payment to insured unemployed 4.16 42Budget deficit, % of GSP 4.92 15

Security subindex 4.64 32 Security subindex 4.64 32Crime index change 2012-2013, % 4.08 44The BGA Integrity Index 4.60 37

Infrastructure subindex 7.43 1 Infrastructure subindex 7.43 1High-speed lines per 1000 8.99 1 Electricity Prices per kWh 5.07 33Air passengers per capita 6.48 4 Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 4.38 37



% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions 5.20 17% of adults who are in the labor force 5.62 13Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 5.27 16% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade 4 - public schools

6.00 7

Technology subindex 5.96 6 Technology subindex 5.96 6Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.20 15NIH support to institutions per capita 4.98 17Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 5.87 10Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants 6.11 5

S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 5.14 18Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 6.90 5Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment 7.02 3


capita4.73 31

Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 5.65 10 Minimum wage 4.39 39IPO volume, in $ per capita 8.87 1 Pacific Research Institute Tort Index 4.63 32% of labor force that is represented by unions 5.44 20 Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment 4.74 34


Environmental policy subindex 5.90 10 Environmental policy subindex 5.90 10Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles 5.70 10 Air Quality Index 3.57 47Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles 5.80 9

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Connecticut

CONNECTICUT Index Overall Rank

2014 4.34 40


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 2.98 47 Government and fiscal policy subindex 2.98 47

State and local taxes per capita /income per capita 3.07 48

Workers’ compensation premium rates 3.07 49Bond rating: composite 4.14 43Budget deficit, % of GSP 4.50 44Average weekly payment to insured unemployed 4.24 39


Infrastructure subindex 4.11 41 Infrastructure subindex 4.11 41Mobile Phones per 1000 5.49 15 Air passengers per capita 4.34 42High-speed lines per 1000 6.00 5 Average travel time to work 4.71 33

Electricity Prices per kWh 3.67 48Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 3.99 42

Human resources subindex 5.59 15 Human resources subindex 5.59 15% of population without health insurance 6.03 8 Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 4.32 38% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from high school

5.48 19 % of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions 4.27 39


5.33 18


Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 5.47 11Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment 5.03 20


4.84 12 Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 4.06 46

Venture capital per capita 5.03 12 % of labor force that is represented by unions 4.49 36Minimum wage 3.50 46Pacific Research Institute Tort Index 4.23 42Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment 3.12 47

Openness subindex 6.34 9 Openness subindex 6.34 9Exports per capita, dollars 5.14 17Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars 6.71 3% of population born abroad 5.83 11Environmental policy subindex 4.03 42 Environmental policy subindex 4.03 42Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles 5.60 19 Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles 3.33 48

Air Quality Index 4.00 45

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State Index

Delaware

DELAWARE Index Overall Rank

2014 5.47 14


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.52 17 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.52 17Bond rating: composite 6.01 1 State and local taxes per capita /income per capita 4.42 36

Budget deficit, % of GSP 5.83 4 Workers’ compensation premium rates 4.16 42Average weekly payment to insured unemployed 5.90 10

Security subindex 4.82 28 Security subindex 4.82 28Crime index change 2012-2013, % 6.16 6 Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.19 37

The BGA Integrity Index 4.30 41

Infrastructure subindex 4.37 38 Infrastructure subindex 4.37 38Mobile Phones per 1000 5.41 18 Air passengers per capita 4.00 50High-speed lines per 1000 5.71 7 Average travel time to work 4.43 37


Human resources subindex 4.95 28 Human resources subindex 4.95 28% of population without health insurance 6.11 6 Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 3.80 46Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 5.25 18

Technology subindex 4.92 27 Technology subindex 4.92 27Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 5.53 13 Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.52 34Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants 6.06 6

Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 6.19 6


9.46 2 IPO volume, in $ per capita 4.31 31

Venture capital per capita 5.38 7 Minimum wage 4.71 34Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 5.19 18 Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment 4.40 38Pacific Research Institute Tort Index 5.33 20

Openness subindex 6.67 4 Openness subindex 6.67 4Exports per capita, dollars 5.63 7Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars 6.89 1% of population born abroad 4.91 20Environmental policy subindex 3.79 45 Environmental policy subindex 3.79 45Air Quality Index 5.25 20 Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles 4.04 45

Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles 3.60 46

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Florida

FLORIDA Index Overall Rank

2014 5.03 21


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 6.63 2 Government and fiscal policy subindex 6.63 2State and local taxes per capita /income per capita 5.17 20

Bond rating: composite 5.74 14Budget deficit, % of GSP 4.77 20Average weekly payment to insured unemployed 7.69 1Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents

6.06 4


Infrastructure subindex 5.28 20 Infrastructure subindex 5.28 20Mobile Phones per 1000 5.45 16 Average travel time to work 4.31 41High-speed lines per 1000 5.68 9 Electricity Prices per kWh 5.05 34Air passengers per capita 5.72 6 Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 4.37 38


4.56 32

% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions 4.39 37% of adults who are in the labor force 4.17 39

Technology subindex 4.17 39 Technology subindex 4.17 39Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.26 40NIH support to institutions per capita 4.37 43Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants 4.24 40S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 4.19 41Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 4.36 37

Business incubation subindex 5.17 20 Business incubation subindex 5.17 20Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 5.57 13 Minimum wage 4.48 38% of labor force that is represented by unions 5.87 14 Pacific Research Institute Tort Index 3.28 48Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment 5.98 8



Environmental policy subindex 5.02 30 Environmental policy subindex 5.02 30Air Quality Index 5.91 5 Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles 5.06 31


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State Index

Georgia

GEORGIA Index Overall Rank

2014 4.95 25



Workers’ compensation premium rates 5.26 19Bond rating: composite 6.01 1Average weekly payment to insured unemployed 5.62 13


Infrastructure subindex 5.74 12 Infrastructure subindex 5.74 12Mobile Phones per 1000 5.92 7 Average travel time to work 4.11 43Air passengers per capita 6.24 5 Electricity Prices per kWh 5.13 32


4.15 40


4.53 34

Technology subindex 4.56 33 Technology subindex 4.56 33Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.22 14 Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants 4.39 37Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment 5.37 16 S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 4.31 35


capita4.71 34

IPO volume, in $ per capita 5.17 14% of labor force that is represented by unions 5.98 11Minimum wage 8.01 1Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment 5.35 20

Openness subindex 5.26 20 Openness subindex 5.26 20Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars 5.73 13% of population born abroad 5.14 18

Environmental policy subindex 5.19 26 Environmental policy subindex 5.19 26Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles 4.92 34

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Hawaii

HAWAII Index Overall Rank

2014 4.99 23


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 4.17 43 Government and fiscal policy subindex 4.17 43Budget deficit, % of GSP 5.03 13 State and local taxes per capita /income per capita 4.82 31

Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents

5.31 20 Bond rating: composite 4.41 38

Average weekly payment to insured unemployed 3.00 49

Security subindex 5.25 21 Security subindex 5.25 21Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 6.33 2 Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.57 32The BGA Integrity Index 5.48 13 Crime index change 2012-2013, % 4.24 43


Human resources subindex 5.95 8 Human resources subindex 5.95 8% of population without health insurance 6.73 2 % of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions 4.15 41% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from high school

5.89 12

Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 6.23 8% of adults who are in the labor force 5.35 17Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 5.47 18Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 5.72 10% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade 4 - public schools

5.47 16

Technology subindex 4.29 37 Technology subindex 4.29 37Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.39 10 NIH support to institutions per capita 4.50 33

Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 3.96 45Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants 4.56 34S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 3.58 48Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 4.47 33Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment 4.32 34


4.78 19 Venture capital per capita 4.47 44

Minimum wage 5.34 5 Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 4.36 39Pacific Research Institute Tort Index 7.00 2 IPO volume, in $ per capita 4.31 31

% of labor force that is represented by unions 2.76 48Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment 4.54 36

Openness subindex 5.24 21 Openness subindex 5.24 21Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars 6.01 9 Exports per capita, dollars 3.46 50% of population born abroad 6.44 6

Environmental policy subindex 2.68 48 Environmental policy subindex 2.68 48Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles 5.69 11Air Quality Index 8.55 1

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State Index

Idaho

IDAHO Index Overall Rank

2014 5.33 15


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.30 22 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.30 22Bond rating: composite 5.21 20 Workers’ compensation premium rates 4.75 37

Average weekly payment to insured unemployed 5.46 14Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents

5.72 9

Security subindex 5.68 18 Security subindex 5.68 18Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 6.46 2 The BGA Integrity Index 3.63 46Crime index change 2012-2013, % 5.36 18Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 6.22 4

Infrastructure subindex 4.93 26 Infrastructure subindex 4.93 26Average travel time to work 6.04 9 Mobile Phones per 1000 3.59 46Electricity Prices per kWh 5.68 6 High-speed lines per 1000 4.33 38Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 5.76 13 Air passengers per capita 4.46 32

Human resources subindex 4.65 31 Human resources subindex 4.65 31Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 5.34 15 % of population without health insurance 4.27 38% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions 5.18 18 Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 3.64 49Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 5.85 13 % of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade 4 -


Technology subindex 4.62 32 Technology subindex 4.62 32Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 6.01 9 Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.01 45Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment 5.24 17 NIH support to institutions per capita 4.09 50

Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants 4.05 43


capita4.64 50

IPO volume, in $ per capita 5.41 12 Venture capital per capita 4.49 38% of labor force that is represented by unions 6.08 7Minimum wage 5.34 5Pacific Research Institute Tort Index 6.05 7Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment 6.18 3

Openness subindex 3.95 42 Openness subindex 3.95 42Exports per capita, dollars 4.74 31Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars 3.38 49

Environmental policy subindex 5.64 18 Environmental policy subindex 5.64 18Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles 5.96 2 Air Quality Index 4.47 39

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Illinois

ILLINOIS Index Overall Rank




Workers’ compensation premium rates 4.09 44Bond rating: composite 1.21 50Budget deficit, % of GSP 4.50 43Average weekly payment to insured unemployed 4.49 35

Security subindex 6.32 5 Security subindex 6.32 5Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.57 20 Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.23 40Crime index change 2012-2013, % 6.90 3The BGA Integrity Index 6.57 3

Infrastructure subindex 5.50 18 Infrastructure subindex 5.50 18Mobile Phones per 1000 5.92 8 Average travel time to work 3.79 46High-speed lines per 1000 5.35 15 Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 4.86 32Air passengers per capita 5.61 9Electricity Prices per kWh 5.49 13

Human resources subindex 4.63 32 Human resources subindex 4.63 32Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 5.19 19 Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 3.43 48

Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 4.66 31% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade 4 - public schools

4.53 34

Technology subindex 5.14 22 Technology subindex 5.14 22NIH support to institutions per capita 4.97 19 Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.72 32

Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 5.16 17Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants

5.71 10



Venture capital per capita 4.84 19 Minimum wage 4.07 44IPO volume, in $ per capita 5.21 13 Pacific Research Institute Tort Index 3.40 47

Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment 4.41 37


% of population born abroad 5.85 10Environmental policy subindex 4.31 40 Environmental policy subindex 4.31 40

Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles 4.11 44Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles 4.41 40

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State Index

Indiana

INDIANA Index Overall Rank

2014 4.42 38


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 6.48 3 Government and fiscal policy subindex 6.48 3Workers’ compensation premium rates 6.62 2


5.49 16

Security subindex 4.78 30 Security subindex 4.78 30The BGA Integrity Index 5.41 17 Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.28 37

Infrastructure subindex 4.47 35 Infrastructure subindex 4.47 35Electricity Prices per kWh 5.50 12 Mobile Phones per 1000 4.23 40Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 5.73 14 High-speed lines per 1000 4.09 43

Air passengers per capita 4.29 43

Human resources subindex 4.76 30 Human resources subindex 4.76 30% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions 5.17 19 % of population aged 25 and over that graduated from high

school 4.81 31

% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade 4 - public schools

6.27 4 Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 4.51 33

Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 3.91 43Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.32 37

Technology subindex 4.53 34 Technology subindex 4.53 34Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.17 18 NIH support to institutions per capita 4.47 36Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants 5.39 14 Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 4.14 41

S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 5.66 13 Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 4.32 38Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment 4.20 39

Business incubation subindex 4.58 30 Business incubation subindex 4.58 30Minimum wage 5.34 5 Total deposits (Commercial banks and Savings institutions) per

capita4.68 42

Venture capital per capita 4.49 39Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 4.17 42

Openness subindex 5.34 16 Openness subindex 5.34 16Exports per capita, dollars 5.40 11 % of population born abroad 4.33 32Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars 5.98 11

Environmental policy subindex 2.88 47 Environmental policy subindex 2.88 47Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles 2.35 49Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles 3.74 45Air Quality Index 4.57 36

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Iowa

IOWA Index Overall Rank

2014 6.71 3


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.02 31 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.02 31Bond rating: composite 6.01 1 Average weekly payment to insured unemployed 4.23 41

Budget deficit, % of GSP 5.12 12 Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents

4.62 38

Security subindex 5.96 12 Security subindex 5.96 12Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.87 15 Crime index change 2012-2013, % 4.74 34Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 6.38 1The BGA Integrity Index 5.37 19

Infrastructure subindex 7.12 2 Infrastructure subindex 7.12 2High-speed lines per 1000 7.87 2 Mobile Phones per 1000 4.15 41Average travel time to work 6.44 6 Air passengers per capita 4.23 45Electricity Prices per kWh 5.62 10Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 6.02 5

Human resources subindex 6.80 3 Human resources subindex 6.80 3% of population without health insurance 6.37 4 Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.12 41% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from high school

6.08 6

Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 6.35 6% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions 8.38 1% of adults who are in the labor force 6.69 5Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 6.56 2

Technology subindex 5.27 18 Technology subindex 5.27 18Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.23 13 Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 4.39 36S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 6.98 3 Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment 3.90 47

Business incubation subindex 4.77 27 Business incubation subindex 4.77 27Minimum wage 5.34 5 Venture capital per capita 4.52 35Pacific Research Institute Tort Index 5.78 10 IPO volume, in $ per capita 4.31 31

Openness subindex 4.54 34 Openness subindex 4.54 34Exports per capita, dollars 5.11 18 Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars 4.38 34

% of population born abroad 4.33 32

Environmental policy subindex 5.24 25 Environmental policy subindex 5.24 25Air Quality Index 5.43 14

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State Index

Kansas

KANSAS Index Overall Rank

2014 5.79 11


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 4.53 37 Government and fiscal policy subindex 4.53 37Workers’ compensation premium rates 5.65 12 Average weekly payment to insured unemployed 4.26 37


3.53 47

Budget deficit, % of GSP 5.02 14



Infrastructure subindex 5.97 7 Infrastructure subindex 5.97 7Mobile Phones per 1000 5.64 11 Air passengers per capita 4.11 48Average travel time to work 6.39 7Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 5.65 16

Human resources subindex 5.47 17 Human resources subindex 5.47 17% of population without health insurance 5.28 20 Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 4.51 34% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from high school

5.61 16 Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.21 40

Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 5.84 11% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions 5.69 9% of adults who are in the labor force 5.86 9% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade 4 - public schools

5.73 8

Technology subindex 4.99 24 Technology subindex 4.99 24Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 5.00 19 NIH support to institutions per capita 4.51 32Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants 5.59 11

S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 5.11 20

Business incubation subindex 5.75 12 Business incubation subindex 5.75 12IPO volume, in $ per capita 6.55 5 Venture capital per capita 4.56 34% of labor force that is represented by unions 5.59 17 Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 4.50 31Minimum wage 5.34 5Pacific Research Institute Tort Index 5.59 12

Openness subindex 5.06 22 Openness subindex 5.06 22


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Kentucky

KENTUCKY Index Overall Rank

2014 4.37 39


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 4.71 34 Government and fiscal policy subindex 4.71 34Workers’ compensation premium rates 5.73 11 Bond rating: composite 4.01 45

Budget deficit, % of GSP 4.57 37Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents

4.73 36




3.70 46

Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 4.00 44% of adults who are in the labor force 3.88 44Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.36 35



capita4.68 43

Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment 5.89 12 Venture capital per capita 4.48 42Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 4.42 37IPO volume, in $ per capita 4.31 31Pacific Research Institute Tort Index 4.47 36



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State Index

Louisiana

LOUISIANA Index Overall Rank

2014 4.05 42



Average weekly payment to insured unemployed 6.49 4 Bond rating: composite 4.41 38Budget deficit, % of GSP 4.57 38Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents

4.60 39



Infrastructure subindex 6.04 6 Infrastructure subindex 6.04 6Mobile Phones per 1000 6.50 4 Average travel time to work 4.60 35Electricity Prices per kWh 6.01 1Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 5.55 20

Human resources subindex 3.48 48 Human resources subindex 3.48 48Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 5.34 15 % of population without health insurance 4.16 40

% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from high school

3.39 47

% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions 4.16 40% of adults who are in the labor force 3.85 45Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 3.09 49% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade 4 - public schools

2.93 49


Business incubation subindex 5.08 23 Business incubation subindex 5.08 23% of labor force that is represented by unions 6.13 6 Venture capital per capita 4.49 41Pacific Research Institute Tort Index 5.75 11 Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 4.29 40





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Maine

MAINE Index Overall Rank

2014 5.19 17


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 4.36 41 Government and fiscal policy subindex 4.36 41Average weekly payment to insured unemployed 5.29 17 State and local taxes per capita /income per capita 4.39 37

Workers’ compensation premium rates 4.48 38Bond rating: composite 4.41 38Budget deficit, % of GSP 4.61 33


Infrastructure subindex 4.17 40 Infrastructure subindex 4.17 40Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 5.56 19 Mobile Phones per 1000 4.23 39

High-speed lines per 1000 4.19 42Air passengers per capita 4.41 37Electricity Prices per kWh 4.83 39

Human resources subindex 5.67 14 Human resources subindex 5.67 14% of population without health insurance 5.56 16 % of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions 4.08 44% of population aged 25 and over that graduated from high school

6.15 5


5.73 8

Technology subindex 3.80 48 Technology subindex 3.80 48Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP 3.77 48Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 4.26 35Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants 3.11 50Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 4.10 42Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment 3.90 46



Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 5.60 11Pacific Research Institute Tort Index 6.09 6Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment 6.08 6

Openness subindex 4.45 35 Openness subindex 4.45 35Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars 6.13 8 Exports per capita, dollars 4.11 43



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State Index

Maryland

MARYLAND Index Overall Rank

2014 4.70 29



Bond rating: composite 6.01 1 Average weekly payment to insured unemployed 4.64 33Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents

5.43 17

Security subindex 4.23 37 Security subindex 4.23 37Crime index change 2012-2013, % 4.56 35Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 3.76 46

Infrastructure subindex 3.44 47 Infrastructure subindex 3.44 47Mobile Phones per 1000 5.76 10 Average travel time to work 2.67 50High-speed lines per 1000 5.68 8 Electricity Prices per kWh 4.80 40

Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 3.04 48

Human resources subindex 5.71 13 Human resources subindex 5.71 13% of population without health insurance 5.82 10 Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 4.41 37% of adults who are in the labor force 5.77 11Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 7.18 2% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade 4 - public schools

5.47 16

Technology subindex 7.40 2 Technology subindex 7.40 2Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP 8.74 1NIH support to institutions per capita 8.35 2Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants 5.84 8


Business incubation subindex 4.33 37 Business incubation subindex 4.33 37Venture capital per capita 5.69 6 Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment 2.51 50IPO volume, in $ per capita 5.00 17Minimum wage 5.34 5



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Massachusetts

MASSACHUSETTS Index Overall Rank

2014 8.10 1



Bond rating: composite 5.21 20 Average weekly payment to insured unemployed 2.96 50Budget deficit, % of GSP 5.14 11Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents

5.65 11




5.54 18

% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions 5.85 7% of adults who are in the labor force 5.68 12Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 6.17 7Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 8.30 1% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade 4 - public schools

7.20 2





Venture capital per capita 9.64 1 Minimum wage 4.39 39Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 6.59 3 Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment 3.30 46IPO volume, in $ per capita 5.96 8Pacific Research Institute Tort Index 5.42 16


Environmental policy subindex 4.65 36 Environmental policy subindex 4.65 36Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles 5.64 17 Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles 3.47 47Air Quality Index 5.53 13

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State Index

Michigan

MICHIGAN Index Overall Rank

2014 4.77 28


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.14 26 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.14 26Workers’ compensation premium rates 5.40 17 Bond rating: composite 4.14 43


6.06 5

Security subindex 4.18 39 Security subindex 4.18 39Crime index change 2012-2013, % 5.69 12 Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 3.76 46


Infrastructure subindex 5.74 11 Infrastructure subindex 5.74 11Mobile Phones per 1000 6.38 5 Electricity Prices per kWh 4.94 38

Human resources subindex 4.58 33 Human resources subindex 4.58 33% of population without health insurance 5.61 14 Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 3.68 46Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 5.28 15 % of adults who are in the labor force 4.26 37

Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 4.09 40% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade 4 - public schools

4.26 40




4.69 39

Venture capital per capita 4.58 33Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 4.13 44% of labor force that is represented by unions 4.01 44Minimum wage 4.20 43Pacific Research Institute Tort Index 4.06 43



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Minnesota

MINNESOTA Index Overall Rank

2014 6.32 5



Budget deficit, % of GSP 5.35 7 Workers’ compensation premium rates 4.79 31Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents

5.65 10 Average weekly payment to insured unemployed 3.66 45


Infrastructure subindex 5.84 9 Infrastructure subindex 5.84 9Mobile Phones per 1000 5.53 13Air passengers per capita 5.46 10Average travel time to work 5.26 16


6.34 4


7.34 1

Technology subindex 6.09 4 Technology subindex 6.09 4NIH support to institutions per capita 5.49 9 Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.36 39Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 6.95 4Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants 6.05 7




Venture capital per capita 4.97 14 Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment 4.22 39Minimum wage 5.34 5

Openness subindex 4.71 33 Openness subindex 4.71 33


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State Index

Mississippi

MISSISSIPPI Index Overall Rank

2014 3.17 50



Workers’ compensation premium rates 5.58 13 Budget deficit, % of GSP 4.57 36Average weekly payment to insured unemployed 6.75 2 Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per

100 residents 3.75 46

Security subindex 4.20 38 Security subindex 4.20 38Crime index change 2012-2013, % 4.39 40Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 3.71 48The BGA Integrity Index 4.90 32

Infrastructure subindex 3.98 43 Infrastructure subindex 3.98 43Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 5.86 10 Mobile Phones per 1000 4.10 43

High-speed lines per 1000 3.62 49Air passengers per capita 4.14 47


3.16 48


2.79 50

Technology subindex 3.99 44 Technology subindex 3.99 44NIH support to institutions per capita 4.27 45Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 3.79 50Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants 4.13 41S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 4.21 40Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 3.41 50Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment 3.83 49

Business incubation subindex 5.10 22 Business incubation subindex 5.10 22% of labor force that is represented by unions 6.37 2 Total deposits (Commercial banks and Savings institutions) per

capita4.67 44

Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment 6.49 2 Venture capital per capita 4.45 47Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 3.86 49IPO volume, in $ per capita 4.31 31


Environmental policy subindex 5.38 22 Environmental policy subindex 5.38 22Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles 5.49 20 Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles 4.74 36Air Quality Index 5.31 17

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Missouri

MISSOURI Index Overall Rank

2014 4.60 31



Bond rating: composite 6.01 1Average weekly payment to insured unemployed 5.96 8

Security subindex 4.27 36 Security subindex 4.27 36Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.10 39Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 3.92 44

Infrastructure subindex 5.33 19 Infrastructure subindex 5.33 19Air passengers per capita 4.91 20 Electricity Prices per kWh 5.13 31Average travel time to work 5.20 18Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 5.71 15

Human resources subindex 4.99 27 Human resources subindex 4.99 27Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 5.15 18 Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 4.53 33% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions 5.54 12 % of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade 4 -


Technology subindex 4.91 28 Technology subindex 4.91 28NIH support to institutions per capita 5.11 15 Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 4.39 33S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 6.24 6



Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 5.40 15 Pacific Research Institute Tort Index 4.01 45Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment 5.74 16



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State Index

Montana

MONTANA Index Overall Rank

2014 4.29 41




4.86 34

Security subindex 4.01 44 Security subindex 4.01 44Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.96 11 Crime index change 2012-2013, % 4.42 38


Infrastructure subindex 5.58 16 Infrastructure subindex 5.58 16Average travel time to work 6.56 5 Mobile Phones per 1000 3.95 45Electricity Prices per kWh 5.62 9 High-speed lines per 1000 4.35 35Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 5.96 6



Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 5.72 14 % of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions 3.98 47% of adults who are in the labor force 5.33 18 Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.51 33% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade 4 - public schools

5.33 18

Technology subindex 4.40 36 Technology subindex 4.40 36Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.17 17 NIH support to institutions per capita 4.48 35

Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 4.04 43Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants 4.41 36S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 4.48 32Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 4.46 34Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment 4.24 37


capita4.72 33

Minimum wage 6.99 3 Venture capital per capita 4.44 48Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment 6.55 1 IPO volume, in $ per capita 4.31 31

% of labor force that is represented by unions 4.40 38Pacific Research Institute Tort Index 4.06 43



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Nebraska

NEBRASKA Index Overall Rank


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.14 27 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.14 27Bond rating: composite 6.01 1 Full-time-equivalent state and local government

employees per 100 residents3.77 45

Budget deficit, % of GSP 5.19 10Average weekly payment to insured unemployed 5.26 19

Security subindex 5.89 14 Security subindex 5.89 14Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.49 19The BGA Integrity Index 6.53 4

Infrastructure subindex 5.81 10 Infrastructure subindex 5.81 10Average travel time to work 6.62 4 Mobile Phones per 1000 4.70 31Electricity Prices per kWh 5.46 16 High-speed lines per 1000 4.51 33Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 5.82 12


5.64 15

Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 6.80 3% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions 5.64 10

% of adults who are in the labor force 6.84 2Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 5.93 12% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade 4 - public schools

5.33 18

Technology subindex 4.99 25 Technology subindex 4.99 25Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants

5.39 13 Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 4.26 36

S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 5.67 12 Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 4.66 31Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment

4.50 32



Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 6.40 4 Pacific Research Institute Tort Index 4.62 33IPO volume, in $ per capita 5.94 9% of labor force that is represented by unions 5.48 19Minimum wage 5.34 5Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment 5.49 18

Openness subindex 4.40 36 Openness subindex 4.40 36Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars 3.85 46


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State Index

Nevada

NEVADA Index Overall Rank

2014 3.85 45



Workers’ compensation premium rates 6.22 6Budget deficit, % of GSP 4.87 17Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents

7.06 1



Infrastructure subindex 6.63 4 Infrastructure subindex 6.63 4Mobile Phones per 1000 5.49 14 Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 4.49 36High-speed lines per 1000 5.38 14Air passengers per capita 7.81 2

Human resources subindex 3.41 49 Human resources subindex 3.41 49Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 5.56 16 % of population without health insurance 3.10 49


4.05 41

Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 3.05 50% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions 3.21 50% of adults who are in the labor force 4.46 35Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 3.84 46% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade 4 - public schools

3.86 45

Technology subindex 3.41 50 Technology subindex 3.41 50Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP 3.31 50NIH support to institutions per capita 4.16 49Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants 3.47 49S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 3.16 49Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 3.57 49Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment 4.01 42



IPO volume, in $ per capita 4.87 20 % of labor force that is represented by unions 4.16 41Minimum wage 4.71 34Pacific Research Institute Tort Index 4.36 40



Environmental policy subindex 4.13 41 Environmental policy subindex 4.13 41Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles 5.91 5 Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles 3.08 48


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New Hampshire

NEW HAMPSHIRE Index Overall Rank

2014 6.28 6



Average weekly payment to insured unemployed 5.37 15 Budget deficit, % of GSP 4.54 39

Security subindex 6.64 1 Security subindex 6.64 1Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.96 12Crime index change 2012-2013, % 6.24 5Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 6.22 4The BGA Integrity Index 5.62 11Infrastructure subindex 3.36 48 Infrastructure subindex 3.36 48High-speed lines per 1000 5.21 20 Mobile Phones per 1000 4.42 36

Air passengers per capita 4.42 35Average travel time to work 4.28 42Electricity Prices per kWh 4.08 45Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 4.24 40


6.46 2


7.07 3

Technology subindex 5.88 7 Technology subindex 5.88 7Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.78 6 Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants 4.35 39NIH support to institutions per capita 5.15 13Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 6.16 7Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 5.37 14Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment 6.32 7

Business incubation subindex 5.14 21 Business incubation subindex 5.14 21Venture capital per capita 4.99 13 Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment 4.00 43Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 5.29 16IPO volume, in $ per capita 5.14 15



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State Index

New Jersey

NEW JERSEY Index Overall Rank

2014 3.38 49


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 2.04 50 Government and fiscal policy subindex 2.04 50

State and local taxes per capita /income per capita 2.76 49

Workers’ compensation premium rates 3.16 48Bond rating: composite 2.81 48Budget deficit, % of GSP 4.61 32Average weekly payment to insured unemployed 3.38 47Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents

4.96 31



Human resources subindex 5.19 23 Human resources subindex 5.19 23Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 6.06 8 Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 4.06 41Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 5.69 11 % of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions 3.75 48% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade 4 - public schools

6.13 6

Technology subindex 4.71 29 Technology subindex 4.71 29Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 5.83 11 Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP 3.92 47Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 5.42 13 NIH support to institutions per capita 4.45 38Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment 5.82 10 Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants 4.68 32




Venture capital per capita 4.87 16 Minimum wage 4.07 44IPO volume, in $ per capita 7.59 2 Pacific Research Institute Tort Index 2.56 50




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New Mexico

NEW MEXICO Index Overall Rank

2014 3.41 48




4.40 42

Budget deficit, % of GSP 5.65 6

Security subindex 2.80 49 Security subindex 2.80 49Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 3.02 50Crime index change 2012-2013, % 2.79 49Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 3.97 43The BGA Integrity Index 4.78 33

Infrastructure subindex 4.09 42 Infrastructure subindex 4.09 42Average travel time to work 5.69 11 Mobile Phones per 1000 3.50 47

High-speed lines per 1000 3.70 48

Human resources subindex 4.18 36 Human resources subindex 4.18 36% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions 5.62 11 % of population without health insurance 3.64 46Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 5.99 10 % of population aged 25 and over that graduated from high

school 3.77 45

% of adults who are in the labor force 3.68 47Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.58 31% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade 4 - public schools

3.46 47

Technology subindex 5.02 23 Technology subindex 5.02 23Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.27 11 Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 4.43 32Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants 5.35 15 S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 4.00 46

Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 5.25 17Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment 6.24 8


capita4.65 49

Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment 6.08 7 Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 4.44 35IPO volume, in $ per capita 4.31 31Pacific Research Institute Tort Index 4.40 38




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State Index

New York

NEW YORK Index Overall Rank

2014 4.98 24



Workers’ compensation premium rates 3.30 47Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents

4.35 43



Human resources subindex 5.26 20 Human resources subindex 5.26 20% of population without health insurance 5.69 12 % of population aged 25 and over that graduated from high

school 4.18 36

% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions 5.06 20 Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 4.38 36Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 5.94 11 % of adults who are in the labor force 4.68 32Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 6.87 3

Technology subindex 5.69 11 Technology subindex 5.69 11Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.17 19 Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 4.63 32NIH support to institutions per capita 5.62 8Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 5.39 15Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants 6.27 4




Venture capital per capita 6.20 3 Minimum wage 4.39 39Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 5.02 20 Pacific Research Institute Tort Index 2.85 49IPO volume, in $ per capita 6.22 7 Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment 4.00 42

Openness subindex 6.56 5 Openness subindex 6.56 5Exports per capita, dollars 5.07 19Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars 5.42 18% of population born abroad 7.21 2Environmental policy subindex 5.45 20 Environmental policy subindex 5.45 20Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles 5.66 14 Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles 4.75 36Air Quality Index 5.86 7

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North Carolina

NORTH CAROLINA Index Overall Rank

2014 5.61 13



Average weekly payment to insured unemployed 6.13 7 Budget deficit, % of GSP 4.62 31Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents

4.65 37

Security subindex 4.99 26 Security subindex 4.99 26Crime index change 2012-2013, % 5.58 14 Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.31 35The BGA Integrity Index 5.48 14 Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.60 33

Infrastructure subindex 5.15 24 Infrastructure subindex 5.15 24Air passengers per capita 5.36 12 Mobile Phones per 1000 4.44 35Electricity Prices per kWh 5.38 20

Human resources subindex 4.17 37 Human resources subindex 4.17 37% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade 4 - public schools



4.21 35


Technology subindex 5.30 17 Technology subindex 5.30 17Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP 6.14 4NIH support to institutions per capita 5.72 7Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment 5.07 19



IPO volume, in $ per capita 6.88 3% of labor force that is represented by unions 6.26 4Minimum wage 5.34 5Pacific Research Institute Tort Index 6.91 3Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment 5.75 15



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State Index

North Dakota

NORTH DAKOTA Index Overall Rank

2014 7.07 2


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 6.09 6 Government and fiscal policy subindex 6.09 6State and local taxes per capita /income per capita 5.49 15 Average weekly payment to insured unemployed 3.20 48

Workers’ compensation premium rates 6.97 1 Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents

4.12 44

Bond rating: composite 5.21 20Budget deficit, % of GSP 8.06 2

Security subindex 4.99 25 Security subindex 4.99 25Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 6.03 9 Crime index change 2012-2013, % 2.91 48Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.96 11

Infrastructure subindex 6.80 3 Infrastructure subindex 6.80 3Mobile Phones per 1000 5.44 17High-speed lines per 1000 5.30 18Average travel time to work 6.85 2Electricity Prices per kWh 5.39 19Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 5.96 6


6.05 9

Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 7.43 1% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions 5.81 8% of adults who are in the labor force 7.27 1% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade 4 - public schools

5.73 8

Technology subindex 5.24 19 Technology subindex 5.24 19Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants 6.71 2 NIH support to institutions per capita 4.39 41

S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 7.19 2 Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 4.25 37Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 4.23 40Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment 4.25 36



Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 6.22 6 Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment 4.77 32% of labor force that is represented by unions 5.57 18Minimum wage 5.34 5Pacific Research Institute Tort Index 6.60 4




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Ohio

OHIO Index Overall Rank

2014 4.60 30




5.42 18

Security subindex 5.07 23 Security subindex 5.07 23Crime index change 2012-2013, % 6.05 7 The BGA Integrity Index 4.34 40

Infrastructure subindex 6.21 5 Infrastructure subindex 6.21 5Mobile Phones per 1000 6.98 2 Air passengers per capita 4.38 39Average travel time to work 5.18 20Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 5.85 11

Human resources subindex 5.03 26 Human resources subindex 5.03 26% of population without health insurance 5.61 14 Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 4.57 31Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 5.34 14 % of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions 4.61 31% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade 4 - public schools

5.73 8 Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 4.00 42

Technology subindex 4.95 26 Technology subindex 4.95 26NIH support to institutions per capita 4.97 18Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 4.99 20Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants 5.28 17


Business incubation subindex 4.23 40 Business incubation subindex 4.23 40Pacific Research Institute Tort Index 5.43 15 Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 4.09 45

IPO volume, in $ per capita 4.31 31% of labor force that is represented by unions 4.53 35Minimum wage 4.90 33

Openness subindex 4.81 30 Openness subindex 4.81 30Exports per capita, dollars 5.07 20 % of population born abroad 4.22 39


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State Index

Oklahoma

OKLAHOMA Index Overall Rank

2014 3.90 43




4.92 33


Infrastructure subindex 5.71 13 Infrastructure subindex 5.71 13Average travel time to work 5.78 10 High-speed lines per 1000 4.33 37Electricity Prices per kWh 5.95 3 Air passengers per capita 4.37 40Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 5.87 9



4.53 33

% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions 4.38 38% of adults who are in the labor force 4.59 33Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 3.85 44Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 3.91 45% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade 4 - public schools

4.26 40

Technology subindex 4.10 40 Technology subindex 4.10 40Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.01 46NIH support to institutions per capita 4.38 42Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 4.16 40S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 4.44 33Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 4.27 39Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment 3.96 43


capita4.72 32

Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment 5.82 13 Venture capital per capita 4.47 43Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 4.43 36Pacific Research Institute Tort Index 4.54 35


Environmental policy subindex 5.74 16 Environmental policy subindex 5.74 16Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles 5.56 20 Air Quality Index 4.61 33

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Oregon

OREGON Index Overall Rank

2014 5.11 19



Bond rating: composite 5.21 20 Budget deficit, % of GSP 4.51 42Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents

5.63 12 Average weekly payment to insured unemployed 4.87 31

Security subindex 4.85 27 Security subindex 4.85 27Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 6.06 8 Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.38 33

Crime index change 2012-2013, % 4.25 42The BGA Integrity Index 4.93 31

Infrastructure subindex 5.18 23 Infrastructure subindex 5.18 23Air passengers per capita 5.02 18 Mobile Phones per 1000 4.44 34Average travel time to work 5.32 15 Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 4.85 33Electricity Prices per kWh 5.60 11



Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 6.36 3 Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 4.38 36Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 5.56 12 % of adults who are in the labor force 4.55 34

Technology subindex 5.18 20 Technology subindex 5.18 20NIH support to institutions per capita 5.19 12 Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.56 33Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 6.16 6 Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants 4.57 33Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 5.36 15 S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 4.27 37Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment 5.70 11


capita4.67 45

Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 5.08 19 IPO volume, in $ per capita 4.31 31Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment 5.81 14 % of labor force that is represented by unions 4.40 38

Minimum wage 2.99 49Pacific Research Institute Tort Index 4.59 34

Openness subindex 4.79 31 Openness subindex 4.79 31Exports per capita, dollars 5.21 15 Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars 3.89 45% of population born abroad 5.19 17


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State Index

Pennsylvania

PENNSYLVANIA Index Overall Rank




Workers’ compensation premium rates 4.77 34Bond rating: composite 3.61 46Average weekly payment to insured unemployed 4.02 44

Security subindex 5.49 19 Security subindex 5.49 19Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.97 10 Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.65 32Crime index change 2012-2013, % 5.14 20The BGA Integrity Index 5.45 16

Infrastructure subindex 4.92 27 Infrastructure subindex 4.92 27Mobile Phones per 1000 5.33 20 Average travel time to work 4.34 40

Human resources subindex 5.20 22 Human resources subindex 5.20 22% of population without health insurance 5.95 9 Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 4.57 31Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 5.96 8 % of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions 4.58 32

Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 4.51 34

Technology subindex 5.58 13 Technology subindex 5.58 13Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP

5.76 7

NIH support to institutions per capita 5.77 6Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants

5.40 12

S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 6.18 8Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment

5.08 18

Business incubation subindex 4.24 39 Business incubation subindex 4.24 39Venture capital per capita 4.85 17 Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 4.45 34IPO volume, in $ per capita 5.11 16 % of labor force that is represented by unions 4.60 34Minimum wage 5.34 5 Pacific Research Institute Tort Index 3.44 46




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Rhode Island

RHODE ISLAND Index Overall Rank

2014 5.00 22


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 4.40 40 Government and fiscal policy subindex 4.40 40Budget deficit, % of GSP 4.81 19 State and local taxes per capita /income per capita 4.11 43


5.88 7 Workers’ compensation premium rates 4.79 31

Bond rating: composite 4.41 38Average weekly payment to insured unemployed 4.30 36

Security subindex 6.16 7 Security subindex 6.16 7Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.59 17The BGA Integrity Index 6.72 1

Infrastructure subindex 4.32 39 Infrastructure subindex 4.32 39High-speed lines per 1000 5.30 19 Mobile Phones per 1000 4.68 32


Human resources subindex 5.22 21 Human resources subindex 5.22 21% of population without health insurance 5.46 19 % of population aged 25 and over that graduated from high

school 4.28 34

% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions 6.05 6 Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 3.24 49Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 5.53 17Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 6.66 4


S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 5.71 11Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 5.16 19



Venture capital per capita 5.34 8 % of labor force that is represented by unions 3.84 46Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 5.55 14 Minimum wage 4.39 39

Pacific Research Institute Tort Index 4.40 38Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment 4.07 40

Openness subindex 5.44 13 Openness subindex 5.44 13Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars 6.50 5 Exports per capita, dollars 4.12 42% of population born abroad 5.67 14

Environmental policy subindex 4.40 39 Environmental policy subindex 4.40 39Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles 5.76 6 Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles 3.08 49

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State Index

South Carolina

SOUTH CAROLINA Index Overall Rank

2014 4.45 36



Bond rating: composite 5.47 18Budget deficit, % of GSP 5.26 9Average weekly payment to insured unemployed 5.94 9


Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 3.86 45The BGA Integrity Index 4.16 42

Infrastructure subindex 4.42 36 Infrastructure subindex 4.42 36High-speed lines per 1000 3.81 47Air passengers per capita 4.35 41


4.18 36


3.99 43



capita4.66 47

Pacific Research Institute Tort Index 5.48 14 Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 4.16 43Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment 6.15 5




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South Dakota

SOUTH DAKOTA Index Overall Rank

2014 6.13 8



Bond rating: composite 5.21 20




6.08 6

Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 6.86 2% of adults who are in the labor force 6.75 4

Technology subindex 4.43 35 Technology subindex 4.43 35S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 6.20 7 Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.13 43

NIH support to institutions per capita 4.41 40Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 4.18 39Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 4.05 43Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment 3.93 44



% of labor force that is represented by unions 6.08 7 IPO volume, in $ per capita 4.31 31Minimum wage 5.34 5Pacific Research Institute Tort Index 6.60 4Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment 6.16 4



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State Index

Tennessee

TENNESSEE Index Overall Rank

2014 4.58 33




5.39 19


Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 4.49 34The BGA Integrity Index 4.05 44

Infrastructure subindex 5.54 17 Infrastructure subindex 5.54 17Mobile Phones per 1000 6.27 6 High-speed lines per 1000 4.50 34Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 5.63 17


4.18 36


Technology subindex 4.19 38 Technology subindex 4.19 38NIH support to institutions per capita 5.15 14 Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 4.21 38

Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants 4.02 44S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 4.29 36Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 4.04 44Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment 4.20 38


capita4.70 35

Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment 5.89 11 Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 3.75 50IPO volume, in $ per capita 4.31 31



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Texas

TEXAS Index Overall Rank

2014 6.13 9



Workers’ compensation premium rates 5.54 15 Average weekly payment to insured unemployed 4.23 40Bond rating: composite 6.01 1


Crime index change 2012-2013, % 4.51 37

Infrastructure subindex 5.66 14 Infrastructure subindex 5.66 14High-speed lines per 1000 5.51 12 Average travel time to work 4.57 36Air passengers per capita 5.27 14Electricity Prices per kWh 5.67 7



3.01 49

% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions 4.45 35% of adults who are in the labor force 4.77 31Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 4.11 42

Technology subindex 4.68 30 Technology subindex 4.68 30Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 5.33 16 Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.52 35Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment 5.49 13 S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 4.14 43



Venture capital per capita 5.04 11 Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment 4.76 33IPO volume, in $ per capita 6.51 6% of labor force that is represented by unions 6.04 9Minimum wage 5.34 5Pacific Research Institute Tort Index 5.41 18

Openness subindex 7.12 1 Openness subindex 7.12 1Exports per capita, dollars 7.58 3Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars 5.22 20% of population born abroad 6.26 7Environmental policy subindex 4.99 32 Environmental policy subindex 4.99 32Air Quality Index 5.64 11 Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles 4.95 35

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State Index

Utah

UTAH Index Overall Rank

2014 5.27 16


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.54 16 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.54 16Workers’ compensation premium rates 6.13 7 Budget deficit, % of GSP 4.54 40


5.57 15

Security subindex 5.22 22 Security subindex 5.22 22Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 6.22 4 Crime index change 2012-2013, % 4.29 41

Infrastructure subindex 4.60 31 Infrastructure subindex 4.60 31Air passengers per capita 5.62 8 Mobile Phones per 1000 3.37 48Average travel time to work 5.52 14 High-speed lines per 1000 4.32 39Electricity Prices per kWh 5.47 15 Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 4.88 31




Technology subindex 5.59 12 Technology subindex 5.59 12Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.57 9Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 5.43 14Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants 5.32 16



6.21 3

Venture capital per capita 5.70 5Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 5.59 12% of labor force that is represented by unions 6.15 5Minimum wage 5.34 5Pacific Research Institute Tort Index 5.53 13


Environmental policy subindex 2.10 50 Environmental policy subindex 2.10 50Carbon emission per 1000 sq. miles 5.73 13 Toxic release inventory, pounds per sq. miles 0.67 50


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Vermont

VERMONT Index Overall Rank

2014 5.10 20



Workers’ compensation premium rates 4.12 43Budget deficit, % of GSP 4.50 44Average weekly payment to insured unemployed 4.68 32Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per 100 residents

3.42 48


Infrastructure subindex 3.17 50 Infrastructure subindex 3.17 50Average travel time to work 5.20 18 Mobile Phones per 1000 2.88 49

High-speed lines per 1000 4.61 31Air passengers per capita 4.44 33Electricity Prices per kWh 4.15 43


6.05 9

Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 6.48 4% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions 5.31 15% of adults who are in the labor force 5.86 9Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 6.56 5% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade 4 - public schools

6.27 4

Technology subindex 5.84 8 Technology subindex 5.84 8Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.10 20 Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants 3.84 47NIH support to institutions per capita 5.43 10 Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment 4.28 35Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 6.94 5S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 5.84 10Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 5.11 20


capita4.70 36

Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment 5.49 19 IPO volume, in $ per capita 4.31 31% of labor force that is represented by unions 4.70 32Minimum wage 3.46 47Pacific Research Institute Tort Index 4.47 36



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State Index

Virginia

VIRGINIA Index Overall Rank


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 5.75 9 Government and fiscal policy subindex 5.75 9Workers’ compensation premium rates 6.40 4 Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees

per 100 residents4.96 32

Bond rating: composite 5.74 13

Security subindex 5.68 17 Security subindex 5.68 17Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 6.18 7The BGA Integrity Index 5.35 20

Infrastructure subindex 4.54 34 Infrastructure subindex 4.54 34Mobile Phones per 1000 5.33 19 Average travel time to work 3.82 45High-speed lines per 1000 5.35 16 Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 3.73 44Air passengers per capita 5.41 11Electricity Prices per kWh 5.42 17

Human resources subindex 5.34 18 Human resources subindex 5.34 18% of population without health insurance 5.28 20 Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 4.47 36Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 5.78 13% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions 5.39 13

% of adults who are in the labor force 5.37 16% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade 4 - public schools

5.60 14

Technology subindex 5.33 15 Technology subindex 5.33 15Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants

5.24 20 Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.51 36

Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 7.63 1Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment

7.36 2


4.82 14 Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment 3.84 45

Venture capital per capita 5.26 10IPO volume, in $ per capita 6.66 4% of labor force that is represented by unions 5.96 12Minimum wage 5.34 5Pacific Research Institute Tort Index 5.96 8



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Washington

WASHINGTON Index Overall Rank

2014 5.88 10


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 4.54 36 Government and fiscal policy subindex 4.54 36Bond rating: composite 5.21 20 Workers’ compensation premium rates 4.77 34


5.74 8 Budget deficit, % of GSP 4.36 50


Security subindex 4.59 33 Security subindex 4.59 33Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.91 13 Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 3.50 46The BGA Integrity Index 5.89 8 Crime index change 2012-2013, % 3.68 45

Infrastructure subindex 5.20 22 Infrastructure subindex 5.20 22High-speed lines per 1000 5.59 11 Average travel time to work 4.37 38Air passengers per capita 5.31 13 Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 4.28 39Electricity Prices per kWh 6.01 2


5.61 16 % of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions 3.99 45

Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 6.31 5Rate of active physicians per 100,000 inhabitants 5.26 17% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade 4 - public schools

5.73 8

Technology subindex 5.80 10 Technology subindex 5.80 10NIH support to institutions per capita 5.95 5 Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants 4.39 38Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 7.18 3 S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 4.00 45Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 7.32 2Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment 6.80 4


capita4.69 40

Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 7.22 2 % of labor force that is represented by unions 3.49 47IPO volume, in $ per capita 4.89 19 Minimum wage 2.71 50

Pacific Research Institute Tort Index 4.77 31Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment 4.06 41

Openness subindex 6.74 3 Openness subindex 6.74 3Exports per capita, dollars 8.04 2 Incoming foreign direct investment per capita, dollars 4.34 36% of population born abroad 5.77 12


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State Index

West Virginia

WEST VIRGINIA Index Overall Rank

2014 3.90 44




4.80 35


Security subindex 6.53 2 Security subindex 6.53 2Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.96 11Crime index change 2012-2013, % 6.92 1Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.38 20The BGA Integrity Index 5.51 12Infrastructure subindex 3.55 46 Infrastructure subindex 3.55 46Electricity Prices per kWh 5.81 4 Mobile Phones per 1000 2.83 50Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 6.35 1 High-speed lines per 1000 3.37 50

Air passengers per capita 4.07 49Average travel time to work 4.63 34

Human resources subindex 4.27 35 Human resources subindex 4.27 35Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 5.15 18 % of population aged 25 and over that graduated from high

school 3.86 42

% of population enrolled in degree-granting institutions 6.50 4 % of adults who are in the labor force 3.07 49Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 4.04 41% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade 4 - public schools

3.99 43

Technology subindex 3.83 46 Technology subindex 3.83 46Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP 4.22 41NIH support to institutions per capita 4.16 48Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 3.87 47Science & Engineering grad. students 100,000 inhabitants 4.10 42Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 3.88 46Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment 3.90 45


capita4.68 41

Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment 5.93 9 Venture capital per capita 4.45 46Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 4.02 47IPO volume, in $ per capita 4.31 31% of labor force that is represented by unions 4.64 33



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Wisconsin

WISCONSIN Index Overall Rank

2014 5.17 18


Subindex/Variable Index Rank Subindex/Variable Index RankGovernment and fiscal policy subindex 4.52 39 Government and fiscal policy subindex 4.52 39Average weekly payment to insured unemployed 5.27 18 State and local taxes per capita /income per capita 3.76 46


5.60 14 Bond rating: composite 4.41 38


Infrastructure subindex 4.56 32 Infrastructure subindex 4.56 32Average travel time to work 5.58 13 Mobile Phones per 1000 4.34 37Average rent of 2 bedroom apartment 5.58 18 High-speed lines per 1000 4.23 41

Air passengers per capita 4.38 38Electricity Prices per kWh 5.01 36


5.86 13

% of adults who are in the labor force 6.13 8% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade 4 - public schools

5.60 14

Technology subindex 5.14 21 Technology subindex 5.14 21Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP 5.66 8NIH support to institutions per capita 5.06 16Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 5.23 16

Business incubation subindex 4.91 25 Business incubation subindex 4.91 25IPO volume, in $ per capita 4.93 18 Venture capital per capita 4.51 36Minimum wage 5.34 5Pacific Research Institute Tort Index 5.89 9



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State Index

Wyoming

WYOMING Index Overall Rank

2014 4.54 34



Workers’ compensation premium rates 5.24 20 Average weekly payment to insured unemployed 4.09 43Bond rating: composite 6.01 1 Full-time-equivalent state and local government employees per

100 residents 0.95 50

Security subindex 4.64 31 Security subindex 4.64 31Crime index, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.96 13 Crime index change 2012-2013, % 4.76 33Murder index, per 100,000 inhabitants 5.59 17 The BGA Integrity Index 2.81 49

Infrastructure subindex 5.90 8 Infrastructure subindex 5.90 8Average travel time to work 6.65 3 High-speed lines per 1000 4.59 32Electricity Prices per kWh 5.77 5 Air passengers per capita 4.42 36



Unemployment rate, not seasonally adjusted 6.35 6% of adults who are in the labor force 6.20 7Infant mortality rate, deaths per 1000 live births 5.45 19% of students at or above proficient in mathematics, grade 4 - public schools

5.73 8

Technology subindex 4.06 41 Technology subindex 4.06 41Academic Science and Engineering R&D per $1,000 GSP 3.48 49NIH support to institutions per capita 4.23 46Patents per 100,000 inhabitants 4.44 31S&E degrees awarded per 100,000 inhabitants 3.89 47Scientists and engineers as % of labor force 4.14 41Employment in high-tech industry as % of total employment 3.53 50

Business incubation subindex 6.38 6 Business incubation subindex 6.38 6Employer firm births per 100,000 inhabitants 5.97 7 Venture capital per capita 4.44 49% of labor force that is represented by unions 5.96 12 IPO volume, in $ per capita 4.31 31Minimum wage 8.01 1 Cost of Labor Adjusted for Educ. Attainment 4.80 31Pacific Research Institute Tort Index 5.35 19



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About the Authors

Jonathan Haughton is Senior Economist at the Beacon Hill Institute and Professor of Economics at Suffolk University. He holds a doctorate in economics from Harvard University and has published widely in refereed journals on economic development and taxation.

Frank Conte is Director of Communications and Information Systems at the Beacon Hill Institute. He holds a master’s degree in public policy from the McCormack Graduate School of Policy Studies at the University of Massachusetts-Boston. He is responsible for all aspects of the institute’s media outreach including its web presence. He serves as Project Manager for the annual state competitiveness project.

Pedtro Jardim is a Research Intern at the Beacon Hill Institute. Pedro graduated from Tufts University in 2014 with a Bachelor’s Degree in Liberal Arts and concentrations in Political Science and Urban Studies. He is responsible for the data collection and basic analysis for this year’s editon

About The Beacon Hill Institute at Suffolk University

The Beacon Hill Institute (BHI) is an independent, nonpartisan economic research organization located in the Department of Economics at Suffolk University in Boston, Massachusetts. Articles and references to BHI’s work have appeared in leading publications, including the Boston Globe, Washington Post, New York Times, Wall Street Journal, Los Angeles Times Magazine, The New York Sun, U.S. News & World Report and scholarly publications such as Cato Journal, State Tax Notes and the National Bureau of Economic Research’s Working Papers Series.

For the last decade, BHI has been a leader in the development of econometric models for the analysis of state tax policy changes, interstate economic competitiveness and community economic impact studies. In addition, BHI has applied its customized economic models to public construction projects, public school performance and alternative energy. The Institute has also produced state revenue forecasts, using its own models for the Massachusetts Joint Legislative Committee for Ways and Means.

The Suffolk University Economics Department features 20 instructors including 8 full time facult. y Departmental research strengths include international trade, economic development, national and international taxation policy, globalization, and industrial organization.


State Rankings 2014 by Rank

Index Rank I R I R I R I R I R I R I R I RMassachusetts 8.10 1 4.88 33 5.90 13 4.68 29 7.00 2 9.15 1 6.20 8 6.33 7 4.81 31North Dakota 7.07 2 6.09 6 4.99 25 6.80 3 6.43 6 5.40 14 5.97 9 4.43 36 5.87 10Iowa 6.71 3 5.02 31 5.96 12 7.12 2 6.75 3 5.23 19 4.92 26 4.38 37 5.59 14Colorado 6.45 4 5.08 29 4.64 32 7.43 1 5.51 16 5.98 4 6.24 7 4.27 39 5.04 26Minnesota 6.32 5 4.53 38 5.72 16 5.84 9 7.02 1 5.97 5 4.16 39 4.55 35 6.02 7New Hampshire 6.28 6 5.15 25 6.64 1 3.36 48 6.62 4 5.61 12 5.11 22 5.39 14 5.81 11Nebraska 6.17 7 5.14 27 5.89 14 5.81 10 6.10 7 4.92 28 5.67 13 4.14 40 5.70 12South Dakota 6.13 8 5.70 10 5.45 20 5.61 15 5.74 10 4.48 35 7.18 1 3.16 49 5.95 9Texas 6.13 9 5.66 13 4.80 29 5.66 14 4.01 42 4.71 32 5.86 12 7.15 1 5.40 18Washington 5.88 10 4.54 36 4.59 33 5.20 22 5.25 20 5.74 9 4.29 34 6.67 3 6.25 5Kansas 5.79 11 4.53 37 4.99 24 5.97 7 5.50 17 5.00 27 5.89 11 4.93 26 5.49 16Virginia 5.75 12 5.75 9 5.68 17 4.54 34 5.35 18 5.30 18 5.94 10 4.80 28 4.80 33North Carolina 5.61 13 5.40 18 4.99 26 5.15 24 4.18 37 5.32 17 6.87 2 5.07 22 4.78 34Delaware 5.47 14 5.52 17 4.82 28 4.37 38 5.01 26 5.01 24 6.39 6 6.29 8 3.95 45Idaho 5.33 15 5.30 22 5.68 18 4.93 26 4.83 29 4.63 34 6.41 5 3.75 45 5.43 17Utah 5.27 16 5.54 16 5.22 22 4.60 31 5.91 8 5.92 6 6.51 3 4.65 33 2.41 50Maine 5.19 17 4.36 41 6.02 10 4.17 40 5.65 14 3.81 47 5.58 15 4.65 32 6.30 3Wisconsin 5.17 18 4.52 39 6.07 9 4.56 32 5.73 12 5.09 23 5.09 23 4.13 41 5.29 19Oregon 5.11 19 5.24 24 4.85 27 5.18 23 5.12 25 5.10 22 3.94 43 4.62 34 6.26 4Vermont 5.10 20 3.81 45 6.35 4 3.17 50 6.52 5 5.32 16 4.15 40 4.98 25 5.99 8Florida 5.03 21 6.63 2 4.32 35 5.28 20 4.17 38 4.18 38 4.91 28 5.32 21 5.26 23Rhode Island 5.00 22 4.40 40 6.16 7 4.32 39 5.25 21 6.31 3 3.60 46 5.68 12 4.26 40Hawaii 4.99 23 4.17 43 5.25 21 3.58 45 5.91 9 4.16 39 4.16 38 5.48 13 7.26 1New York 4.98 24 3.29 46 5.73 15 4.38 37 5.27 19 5.62 11 3.59 47 6.43 5 5.63 13Georgia 4.95 25 5.81 8 4.07 43 5.74 12 3.71 46 4.70 33 5.56 16 5.36 19 4.91 28California 4.92 26 2.64 49 5.98 11 3.24 49 4.09 41 5.90 7 6.42 4 6.60 4 4.90 29Arizona 4.79 27 5.68 12 4.16 40 4.66 30 4.79 30 5.39 15 5.31 20 4.79 29 4.62 35Michigan 4.77 28 5.14 26 4.18 39 5.74 11 4.55 33 5.58 13 3.63 45 5.38 16 5.13 25Maryland 4.70 29 5.13 28 4.23 37 3.44 47 5.67 13 7.26 2 4.08 42 4.99 24 4.35 38Ohio 4.60 30 5.02 30 5.07 23 6.21 5 5.01 27 5.01 25 4.25 37 4.71 30 3.55 46Missouri 4.60 31 5.69 11 4.27 36 5.33 19 4.99 28 5.12 20 4.87 29 3.76 44 4.81 32Alaska 4.59 32 6.65 1 3.49 47 4.78 28 4.54 34 3.84 46 3.39 49 5.33 20 6.79 2Tennessee 4.58 33 6.28 5 4.11 42 5.54 17 4.01 43 4.25 37 5.08 24 5.03 23 4.50 36Wyoming 4.54 34 4.20 42 4.64 31 5.90 8 5.74 11 3.79 48 5.48 17 3.63 48 5.29 20Pennsylvania 4.46 35 4.05 44 5.49 19 4.92 27 5.19 22 5.70 10 4.26 36 4.87 27 3.96 44South Carolina 4.45 36 5.84 7 3.67 46 4.42 36 3.93 44 4.07 40 5.58 14 5.88 11 5.02 27Illinois 4.42 37 2.97 48 6.32 5 5.50 18 4.61 32 5.12 21 3.67 44 5.93 10 4.21 42Indiana 4.42 38 6.48 3 4.78 30 4.47 35 4.76 31 4.78 30 4.83 31 5.38 17 2.83 48Kentucky 4.37 39 4.71 34 6.08 8 5.12 25 4.09 40 3.94 43 4.64 33 5.38 15 4.23 41Connecticut 4.34 40 2.98 47 6.31 6 4.11 41 5.59 15 5.80 8 2.91 50 6.42 6 3.97 43Montana 4.29 41 5.31 21 4.01 44 5.58 16 5.13 24 4.28 36 4.86 30 2.67 50 6.12 6Louisiana 4.05 42 5.29 23 2.66 50 6.04 6 3.47 48 4.01 42 5.35 19 6.11 9 4.34 39Oklahoma 3.90 43 4.64 35 4.43 34 5.71 13 4.14 39 4.04 41 4.92 27 3.69 47 5.28 21West Virginia 3.90 44 5.58 14 6.53 2 3.55 46 4.31 35 3.88 45 4.26 35 4.31 38 4.39 37Nevada 3.85 45 6.35 4 3.98 45 6.63 4 3.39 49 3.42 50 4.09 41 5.36 18 3.45 47Arkansas 3.83 46 4.94 32 4.16 41 5.23 21 3.78 45 3.68 49 5.29 21 3.96 42 5.58 15Alabama 3.69 47 5.57 15 3.31 48 4.56 33 3.70 47 4.82 29 4.66 32 4.69 31 4.90 30New Mexico 3.41 48 5.36 20 2.80 49 4.09 42 4.20 36 5.00 26 4.94 25 3.75 46 5.26 24New Jersey 3.38 49 2.04 50 6.36 3 3.79 44 5.18 23 4.74 31 3.58 48 6.85 2 2.79 49Mississippi 3.17 50 5.38 19 4.20 38 3.98 43 2.61 50 3.92 44 5.43 18 3.93 43 5.27 22

Subindexes, Rank in 2014

OverallGovt & Fiscal

PolicySecurity InfrStrc

Human Resources

Tech Biz Incub. Openness Enviro Plcy

The Beacon Hill Institute for Public Policy Research Suffolk University 8 Ashburton PlaceBoston, MA 02108

Phone: 617-573-8750 Fax: [email protected]

http://www.beaconhill.org2014

Documents

13th Annual State Competitiveness Report · Utah 5.27 16 5.54 16 5.22 22 4.60 31 5.91 8 5.92 6 6.51 3 4.65 33 2.41 50 Vermont 5.10 20 3.81 45 6.35 4 3.17 50 6.52 5 5.32 16 4.15 40