13JDBC

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Java Database Connectivity

JDBC(Java Database Connectivity) is defined, as a set of javaclasses and methods to interface with database.

It also provides uniform access to a wide range of relationaldatabase. The java software bundle includes JDBC-ODBCbridge.

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Database Connectivity

For any application to communicate with the database, itneeds have the following in formations:

1) The RDBMS/DBMS product is used to which the databasecreated

2) Where database reside(Location).

3) The name of the database.So, we use JDBC calls to retrieve and update informationfrom a database using JDBC. This involves the followingfunctions:-a) Opening and establish a database connectionb) Send SQL statementsc) Process the returned result set.d) Close the database connection

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JDBC APIJava Database Connectivity provides a database programming

API for java programs.

Java programs cannot directly communicate with the ODBCdriver. Sun Microsystems provides a JDBC-ODBC bridgethat translate JDBC to ODBC. There are several type ofJDBC drivers available.They are:-

1) JDBC-ODBC bridge + ODBC driver (Type 1 Driver)2) Native API partly java Driver (Type 2 Driver)

3) JDBC-Net Pure java Driver (Type 3 Driver)

4) Native protocol Pure java Driver (Type 4 Driver)

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There are 4 types of drivers available in java for databaseconnectivity. Type 3 and 4 are pure drivers where as type 1and 2 are impure drivers.

Type 1:

Disadvantages:It is not suitable for large-scale application. They are the

slowest of all.

ODBC drivers installed on each client machine typically the

case for windows-based machines.

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Type 2:

Disadvantage:

For this, user needs to make sure the JDBC driver of the

database vendor is loaded onto each client machine.

Type 3:Disadvantages:

It needs some database-specific code on the middlewareserver.

If the middleware is to run of different platforms then type 4driver might be more effective.

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JDBC DriversThe connection to the database is handled by the JDBC

Driver class.

The Java SDK contains only one JDBC driver, a jdbc-odbc bridge that can communicate with an existing OpenDataBase Conectivity (ODBC) driver. Other databases needa JDBC driver specific to that database.

These next lines of code show how to load three different

JDBC driver classes:Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver");

Class.forName("postgresql.Driver");

Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");

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Each JDBC driver is configured to understand a specific URLso multiple JDBC drivers can be loaded at any one time.

When you specify a URL at connect time, the first matchingJDBC driver is selected.

The jdbc-odbc bridge accepts Uniform Resource Locators(URLs) starting with jdbc:odbc: and uses the next field inthat URL to specify the data source name. The data sourcename identifies the particular database scheme you wish toaccess. The URL can also include more details on how tocontact the database and enter the account.

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JDBC Application Architecture

Java Application orApplet

JDBC API

JDBC Driver Manager

JDBC-ODBC BridgeDriver

ODBC

Database Library

Database/ DatabaseServer

Client Machine

Server Machine (Business Logic)

Access DriverMySQL Driver

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Main Objects of the JDBC API include

DataSource/DriverManager :-used to establish a

connection

Connection :- controls the connection to the database

Statement :- object are used for executing SQL statements:SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE.

ResultSet :-Object act like a workspace to store the results toquery. A ResultSet is returned to an application when a SQLquery is executing a statement object.

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Types of statements1) Statement:- Top most interface which provides basic

methods useful for executing SELECT, INSERT, UPDATEand DELETE sql statements.

2) PreparedStatement:-It is used when an application

plans to specify parameters to your sql queries.This statement can be executed multiple times withdifferent parameter values specified for each execution.

3) CallableStatement:- It allows you to execute storeprocedures within a RDBMS which supports storedprocedures.The callable statement has methods for retrieving thereturn values of the stored procedure.

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We can able to create the ResultSet scrollable andupdateable.

Stmt=con.createStatement(ResultSet.TYPE_FORWARD_ONLY, ResultSet.CONUR_READ_ONLY);

Stmt=con.createStatement(ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE, ResultSet.CONUR_UPDATABLE);

ResultSet rs= stmt.executeQuery(select * from student);

ResultSetForward only

Read only

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rs.first()

rs.insertRow();rs.updateInt(1, 101);

rs.updateString(2,sss);

rs.moveToInsertRow();

rs.moveToCurrentRow();

rs.first()

rs.deleteRow();

ipaddress

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package myClasses;

import java.sql.*;

class MyConnection {

public static void main(String args[]) {

Connection con= null;

Statement stmt=null;

try {

Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");

con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/school", "root", "admin");

stmt=con.createStatement();

String sql="Insert into student values (101, 'Ram')";

stmt.executeUpdate(sql);

System.out.println("Data inserted successfully");

}

catch(ClassNotFoundException c) {

System.out.println(c);

}

catch(SQLException s) {

System.out.println(s);

}

finally {

try {

if(stmt != null) {

stmt.close();

}

if(con !=null) {

con.close();

}

}



}

}}

}

Check exception

Interface

Class inlang

packageProvide connection from database

Id of service namePort no

ipaddressURL protocol

package

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JDBC without try-catch

package myClasses;

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package myClasses;

import java.sql.Connection;import java.sql.DriverManager;import java.sql.SQLException;

import java.sql.Statement;

public class JDBCwithoutTRY {public static void main(String args[]) {



Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/school",

"root", "admin");

stmt=con.createStatement();String sql="Insert into student values (101, 'Ram')";

stmt.executeUpdate(sql);System.out.println("Data inserted successfully");

}

}

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Oracle connectivity

package myClasses;

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package myClasses;

import java.sql.*;

class MyConnection1 {




try {

Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:iit", "scott", "tiger");


String sql="Insert into student values (102, 'Mohan')";



}


System.out.println(c);}



}

finally {

try {

if(stmt != null) {

stmt.close();

}

if(con !=null) {

con.close();

}

}



}

}

}

}

package myClasses;

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package myClasses;

import java.sql.*;





try {

Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver");con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:odbc:mydns", "scott", "tiger");


String sql="Insert into student values (101, 'Ram')";



}


System.out.println(c);}



}

finally {

try {

if(stmt != null) {

stmt.close();

}

if(con !=null) {

con.close();

}

}



}

}

}

}

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MySQL

package myClasses;

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package myClasses;import java.sql.*;

class MyConnection3 {public static void main(String args[]) {

Connection con= null;Statement stmt=null;try {Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");


stmt=con.createStatement();String sql= "select * from student";

ResultSet rs= stmt.executeQuery(sql);while(rs.next()) {

int roll= rs.getInt("id");String name= rs.getString("name");System.out.println("Roll : "+roll);

System.out.println("Name : "+name);}}catch(ClassNotFoundException c) {System.out.println(c);

}catch(SQLException s) {System.out.println(s);

}finally {try {

if(stmt != null) {stmt.close();

}if(con !=null) {con.close();

}}

catch(SQLException s) {System.out.println(s);

}

}}}

package myClasses;

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package myClasses;

import java.sql.*;




PreparedStatement pstmt=null;

try {



pstmt=con.prepareStatement("Insert into student values (?, ?)");

pstmt.setInt(1, 102);

pstmt.setString(2, "Joe");

pstmt.executeUpdate();

pstmt.clearParameters();

pstmt.setInt(1, 103);

pstmt.setString(2, "Raj");pstmt.executeUpdate();

}


System.out.println(c);

}



}

finally {try {

if(pstmt != null) {

pstmt.close();

}

if(con !=null) {

con.close();

}

}



}}

} }

package myClasses;

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package myClasses;import java.sql.*;

class MyConnection5 {public static void main(String args[]) {

Connection con= null;Statement stmt=null;try {Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");con=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/school", "root", "admin");

con.setAutoCommit(false);stmt=con.createStatement();String sql1= "insert into student values (105, 'Rama')";String sql2= "insert into student values (106, 'Sahil')";String sql3= "insert into student values (107, 'John')";

stmt.addBatch(sql1);stmt.addBatch(sql2);stmt.addBatch(sql3);

stmt.executeBatch();con.setAutoCommit(true);System.out.println("Data inserted successfully");

}catch(ClassNotFoundException c) {System.out.println(c);

}catch(SQLException s) {System.out.println(s);

}finally {

try { if(stmt != null) {stmt.close();

}if(con !=null) {con.close();

}}

catch(SQLException s) {System.out.println(s);

}}

}}

package myClasses;

i j l *

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import java.sql.*;

import java.util.*;




PreparedStatement pstmt=null;

try {



pstmt=con.prepareStatement("Insert into student values (?, ?)");

Student s1= new Student("108", "Chandan");

Student s2= new Student("109", "Avinash");

Student s3= new Student("110", "Divey");

ArrayList a1= new ArrayList();

a1.add(s1);

a1.add(s2);

a1.add(s3);

for(int i=0; i

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