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8/3/2019 13891 Photo Voltaic Power Systems and Micro Grids
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PhotoVoltaic Power Systems& Micro-Grids, AAU
Tamas Kerekes
Department of Energy Technology
Aalborg University
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PV systems and Micro Grids research programme at Aalborg
University, Department of Energy Technology
Control and design of photovoltaic converters and Micro grid systems with grid connections for
renewable energy systems
2
Members:Remus Teodorescu, Dezso Sra, Tams Kerekes, Erhan Demirok,
Xiaonan Lu, Markos Katsanevakis, Sevnur Eygn
External members Pedro Rodriguez, Marco Liserre, Josep Guererro, Juan Carlos Vasquez
Industrial partners:
Danfoss Solar Inverters, Danfoss Drives, Sunsil, Refu Electronic, Ris,
Eltra, Gamesa Eolica, Enertron, Gaia, Energinet, APC
Partner Universities:
Polytechnic of Bari, Technical University of Catalunia, University of Alcala,
University of Vigo, University of Timisoara, Czech Technical University of
Prague
8/3/2019 13891 Photo Voltaic Power Systems and Micro Grids
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PV systems and Micro Grids research programme at Aalborg
University, Department of Energy Technology
Control and design of photovoltaic converters and Micro grid systems with grid connections for
renewable energy systems
Main research areas:
Control strategies for single-phase and three-phase grid-connected PV converters
Grid synchronization and voltage monitoring methods
Islanding detection algorithms
On-line grid impedance estimation for PV inverters
Ride-through capabilities for grid-connected PV converters in case of grid disturbances and faults
Advanced modelling and simulation of grid-connected PV converters (Simulink, PLECS)
Low cost DSP (TMS320F28xx) control implementation
Maximum Power Point Tracking for PV inverters
Modeling and simulation of PV arrays under various athmospheric conditions
Real-time PV simulator for testing grid-connected PV inverters
Characterisations and diagnostics of PV panels
Hardware design of PV inverters
Transformerless PV inverter topologies
Leakage current modeling for transformerless PV inverters (PLECS)
Interaction of Multiple PV inverters with LV network (Matlab, PSCAD)
Voltage control and flexible reactive power sharing (grid supporting and forming) for multiple PV inverters
3
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PV Systems - Main facilities
4
Grid Converters
up to 5A/400V, single-phase or three-phase
with flexible digital control: dSpace DS1103 or TMS320F2812 and
F28335 eZdsp Development board
PV inverter test setup (includes 32kW Dynamic PV simulator,4.5-kW Dynamic Grid Simulator, 3-kW Electronic AC Load, Anti-
islanding Test Setup)
Residential Micro-Grid setup (includes 1.9-kW Polycrystallinesilicone solar panel array, 1.5-kW Danfoss Solar inverter and 1.7-kW
SMA Sunny Boy PV inverters, SMA Sunny island inverter, VRB-ESS5-kW
4h Flow battery, as well as California Instruments 3kW
programmable AC load)
PV-E PVPM 1000C - 1000V/20A photovoltaic I-V curvetracer
for panel/string characterisation
Flashing Solar Simulator Mencke & Tegtmeyer -
240V/16A
for indoor characterisation of PV panels
California Instruments Grid Simulator
for fault simulations
High bandwidth Regatron PV Simulator (includes TopConQuadro Power Supply Module, TC.LIN Linear Post-Processing Unit,
and SASControl PC Software). Output ratings: 32 kW, 1000VDC, 40A
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5
1.8mH
1.8mH
1.8mH
4.7uF
1.8mH
1.8mH
1.8mH
4.7uF
PON109-25a - GPL
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PV Systems - Main activities
Advanced Control for Grid Converters
Control structures
development of the control
structures in different reference frames such as natural
abc, stationary
or synchronously rotating dq for
better matching the application.
Current controllers
different linear (PI, resonant) and
nonlinear (hysteretic, predictive) controllers
Grid synchronization
phase-locked loop (PLL) based
strategies
Grid monitoring
accurate detection of grid voltage
magnitude, frequency and phase angle for fast grid fault
detection. On-line grid impedance estimation.
Ancillary services
voltage support, frequency control,
reactive power compensation, UPS, active filtering, etc.
can be implemented in software.
Control under grid fault
symmetrical currents can be
injected during unsymmetrical grid faults.
6
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Advanced grid voltage and
frequency monitoring for passive
anti-islanding detection
Active anti-islanding methods
based on:
o Harmonic injection
o P,Q variations
o Phase modulation
PV Systems - Main activities
Software Anti-Islanding of PV Inverters
7
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Improved MPPT optimized for faster tracking andhigher tracking efficiency in cloudy, rapidly
changing conditions, typical to northern Europe
Intelligent MPPT with detection of slow partial
shading caused by fixed obstacles
On-line characterization and performancemonitoring of PV panels by series and shunt
resistance estimation, detection of partial shadows
caused by dirt or reduction of the transparency of
the covering layers as well as rated power
estimation
Model parameter extraction (Rs, Rp, diode qualityfactor) from data-sheet
Cell/connection failures detection
PV Systems - Main activities
Advanced MPPT and Diagnostics
8
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Hardware design of:
interleaved DC/DC converter topology for
battery management
DC/DC converter for photovoltaic array
Integrated into a single 3-phase bridge
Energy management for DC coupled micro grids
PV Systems - Main activities
Integrated multi-function DC/DC converter for PV generation and energystorage for micro grids
10
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Development of new functions for grid-connectedPV inverters to increase their penetration level
Improve LV network power quality by PVinverters (harmonics, fluctuations, unbalance)
Contribution to new LV grid standards regardingPV integration
PV Systems - Main activities
Control of Grid Interactive PV Inverters
1 2 3 40
5
10
15
OutputPower[kW]
Node number
Injected Power
Curtailed Power
Vo
ltage[V]
Power Generation Profile
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
Voltage
1 2 3 4-10
-5
0
5
10
15
ActiveandReac
ivePower[kW],[kVA]
Node number
Active Power
Reactive Power
Voltage[V]
ower enera on ro e
235
240
245
250
255
Voltage
Reactive power support
Power curtailment
11
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PV Systems - Main activities
PV Inverter Testing
Advanced high-bandwidth PV simulator
including dynamic irradiation profiles (pulse,
ramp, staircase, custom) and partial shading
Dynamic MPPT efficiency tests dynamic
irradiation profile including sunrise, fast-
and
slow-clouds and sunset
Grid-fault tests
ride-through tests with faulty
grid using grid simulator (sags, short-circuits,
asymmetry, etc.)
Local grid tests
stability and robustness tests
under the conditions of the local grid, including
islanding
Efficiency tests
advanced setup with LabView
interface and 0.02% power accuracy
YOKOGAWA WT3000, PV Simulator with
dSPACE control
European efficiency tests
semi-automated
tests
12
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5kW
4h, 28V Flow-Battery+Island-Grid Inverter
Can switch to the grid for selling
electric energy, or buying if
there is not enough generation
House
3kW Electronic AC load1.5 kW Wind Turbine+ WindyBoy
Inverter1.9 kWp Solar Array
+ PV Inverter
Green Residential Micro Grid Main Components
13
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Flow Battery 5kW-4h- no maintenance- 10,000+ deep cycles- high efficiency- full response over temp- nominal charging current
- x2 overloading- ca. 300 USD/kWh
Green Residential Micro Grid Flow battery
14
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Green Residential Micro Grid System Configuration
15
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Green Residential Micro Grid Laboratory view
16
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Green Residential Micro Grid On-line monitoring
Monitoring of:
generated wind power
generated solar (PV) power
total power fed into utility network
wind speed
ambient and PV cell temperature
solar irradiation
sampling up to 1Hz
17
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Industrial/Ph.D. Course in "Photovoltaics Power Systems - in theory and practice" by RemusTeodorescu, Aalborg University; Vitezslav Benda, Technical University in Prague; Pedro Rodriguez,Technical University of Catalonia; Dezso Sera and Tamas Kerekes Aalborg University.
Industrial/Ph.D. Course in "Power Electronics for Renewable Energy Systems - in theory andpractice" that will be held at Aalborg University, November 15-17 by Remus Teodorescu, AalborgUniversity; Marco Liserre, Polytechnic of Bari and
Pedro Rodriguez, Technical University of
Catalonia.
Industrial/Ph.D. Course in "Micro-Grids - in theory and practice" by Remus Teodorescu andTamas Kerekes, Aalborg University; Josep Guerrero and Juan C. Vasquez, Technical University ofCatalonia.
PhD/Industrial courses
8/3/2019 13891 Photo Voltaic Power Systems and Micro Grids
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Reliable Grid Condition Detection (STVF, Ris, ELTRA) Modelling and control of grid inverter (Gamesa Eolica, Enertron)
Control Development for Residential PV Inverters with Software Anti-Islanding Feature (PSO,
Danfoss Solar A/S)
Gaia Wind Turbine in Wind-Diesel Systems and as Stand-Alone (MITA A/S, GAIA A/S, AAU, RIS,
UVE)
High Efficiency Solar Inverter (AAU, REFU GmbH)
PhD Projects
Control of Grid Interactive PV Inverters (AAU, Danfoss Solar Inverters A/S)
Erhan Demirok
(ongoing)
Analysis and modelling of transformerless PV inverter systems (PSO, Danfoss Solar Inverters A/S) -
Tamas Kerekes (finalised)
Real-time Modelling, Diagnostics and Optimised MPPT for Residential PV Systems (AAU,
PSO/ELTRA) -
Dezso Sera (finalised)
Reliable Grid Condition Detection and Control of Single-phase DPGS (AAU, STVF) -
Mihai Ciobotaru
(finalised)
Monitoring and Advanced Control of Three-Phase Distributed Power Generation System (AAU,
Ris, Eltra) -
Adrian Timbus (finalised)
In addition, Master student projects related to Micro Grids and PV systems are runningcontinuously
19
Research collaboration projects
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Smart Photovoltaic Systems (SPVSYS)
to support the integration of PV systems into the electrical power systems by
proposing new, more intelligent converters that are able to interact with the electrical
environment at their point of connection
-
Smart control of PV systems, by employing new functionalities that prepare PV inverters for the
integration into the smart grids of the future, and help comply with the ever more stringent grid
requirements in an environment where many other PV systems are connected to the same grid.
-
Condition Monitoring and Diagnostics functionalities that monitor the state of the entire PV power
system including the PV array, inverter and grid, and feature effective measures to maximize
availability and reduce maintenance.
Partners:
Aalborg University; Danfoss Solar Inverters A/S; Sunsil A/S; Technical Universityof Catalonia; Technical University of Bari; Technical University
of Warsaw
Future work
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Questions ?
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PON107-45 - DRIVES lab
PON109-25a - GPL
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PON107-45 - DRIVES lab
dSPACE system
Danfoss FC302 inverterinterface card
Danfoss FC302 inverter
2.2kW
LEM
modules
DC Power
Supply
PCSimulink with RTW &
dSPACE Control Desk
PWM1
UDC-IM
PWM2
PWM3EN
Danfoss FC302 inverterinterface card
Danfoss FC302 inverter
15kW
LEM
modules
DC Power
Supply
PWM4
PWM5
PWM6EN
DC
IM PM
IRST-IM
UDC-PM
IRST-PM LEM
modulesLEM
modules
DC