1
COSMETICS, TOILETRIES AND HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTS 591 significantly exposed to hair sprays) showed no significant difference between the groups, though a wide variation in lung volume and diffusing capacity was encountered. None of the subjects showed any radiological evidence of thesaurosis. The reduction in lung diffusing capacity was not related to the duration of hair-spray exposure but to the habitual smoking of cigarettes. 1380. Polyvinylpyrrolidone: PAS method at fault Lowsma, H. B., Jones, R. A. & Prendergast, J. A. (1966). Effects of respired polyvinyl- pyrrolidone aerosols in rats. Toxic. appl. Pharmac. 9, 571. Pulmonary thesaurosis (storage disease) in man is unlikely to result from repeated expo- sure to hair-sprays (Cited in F.C.T. 1966, 4, 73). Neither thesaurosis nor pulmonary granu- lomas have so far been produced in animals exposed to polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). One difficultyin establishing or refuting a causal relationship between PVP inhalation and thesau- rosis is that a positive PAS (periodic acid-Schiff) reaction, usually taken as indicative of the presence of PVP, is not a good criterion, since there is now good evidence that PVP per se does not stain. For this reason the present authors have supplemented the normal histo- logical procedures with the chemical determination of PVP in the lungs. Rats were exposed repeatedly for 8 hr daily to PVP (particle size 0.5--4.0/~) in a concentra- tion of 118 or 146 mg/m3 and the lungs were examined at intervals up to 6 months after termination of treatment. In spite of the large amount of PVP that was inhaled, it produced no inflammatory response, attesting to its inertness. Nor was there any evidence of granulo- matous respiratory disease. But there were, nevertheless, marked histological changes. A few days after exposure, large numbers of enlarged macrophages appeared in the lung parenchyma, but although they appeared to be full of PVP particles, staining reactions were negative. In fact it was not until after 4 months that PAS and other staining reactions were positive. At this time staining of particles in the pulmonary lymphatics appeared to be con- fined to the coating material, which presumably takes some considerable time to form around the PVP. But chemical analyses showed that PVP was present in relatively high con- centrations a few days after exposure and thereafter declined slightly, although substantial amounts were still present after 6 months. Histological changes in the lungs correlated much better with the PVP concentration than with the staining reactions. 1381. Wash your hands--but mind the pH 1 Vermeer, D. J. H., de Jong, J. C. & Donk, L. A. (1966). Skin damage by washing. I. Influ- ence of the pH of the wash water. Dermatologica 132, 305. Using a specially constructed apparatus for standard washing under different conditions of pH, the authors made colorimetric determinations of the quantity of dissolved amino acids and removed insoluble proteins in the wash water. The free amino acids removed from the stratum corneum varied in quantity with the pH of the washing water, increasing with alkalinity. When the skin was degreased prior to washing, the quantity of amino acids removed corresponded with that previously found at pH 1I, irrespective of the pH of the water used, and was therefore maximal. Neither pH nor prior degreasing influenced the removal of insoluble protein. It is thought that the widespread removal of amino acids from the horny layer may give rise to roughness and chapping of the skin. [Nevertheless, it has been shown (Cited in F.C.T. 1967, 5, 131) that prior degreasing with detergent does not affect the reactivity of the skin towards chromic acid, potassium hydrox- ide or mercuric chloride.] 1382. A question of polish Ring, R. & Nelson, J. D. (1966). Hydrocarbon pneumonitis in rats. Comparison of mineral

1380. Polyvinylpyrrolidone: PAS method at fault

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Page 1: 1380. Polyvinylpyrrolidone: PAS method at fault

COSMETICS, TOILETRIES AND HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTS 591

significantly exposed to hair sprays) showed no significant difference between the groups, though a wide variation in lung volume and diffusing capacity was encountered. None of the subjects showed any radiological evidence of thesaurosis. The reduction in lung diffusing capacity was not related to the duration of hair-spray exposure but to the habitual smoking of cigarettes.

1380. Polyvinylpyrrolidone: PAS method at fault Lowsma, H. B., Jones, R. A. & Prendergast, J. A. (1966). Effects of respired polyvinyl- pyrrolidone aerosols in rats. Toxic. appl. Pharmac. 9, 571.

Pulmonary thesaurosis (storage disease) in man is unlikely to result from repeated expo- sure to hair-sprays (Cited in F.C.T. 1966, 4, 73). Neither thesaurosis nor pulmonary granu- lomas have so far been produced in animals exposed to polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). One difficulty in establishing or refuting a causal relationship between PVP inhalation and thesau- rosis is that a positive PAS (periodic acid-Schiff) reaction, usually taken as indicative of the presence of PVP, is not a good criterion, since there is now good evidence that PVP per se does not stain. For this reason the present authors have supplemented the normal histo- logical procedures with the chemical determination of PVP in the lungs.

Rats were exposed repeatedly for 8 hr daily to PVP (particle size 0.5--4.0/~) in a concentra- tion of 118 or 146 mg/m 3 and the lungs were examined at intervals up to 6 months after termination of treatment. In spite of the large amount of PVP that was inhaled, it produced no inflammatory response, attesting to its inertness. Nor was there any evidence of granulo- matous respiratory disease. But there were, nevertheless, marked histological changes. A few days after exposure, large numbers of enlarged macrophages appeared in the lung parenchyma, but although they appeared to be full of PVP particles, staining reactions were negative. In fact it was not until after 4 months that PAS and other staining reactions were positive. At this time staining of particles in the pulmonary lymphatics appeared to be con- fined to the coating material, which presumably takes some considerable time to form around the PVP. But chemical analyses showed that PVP was present in relatively high con- centrations a few days after exposure and thereafter declined slightly, although substantial amounts were still present after 6 months. Histological changes in the lungs correlated much better with the PVP concentration than with the staining reactions.

1381. Wash your hands--but mind the pH 1 Vermeer, D. J. H., de Jong, J. C. & Donk, L. A. (1966). Skin damage by washing. I. Influ- ence of the pH of the wash water. Dermatologica 132, 305.

Using a specially constructed apparatus for standard washing under different conditions of pH, the authors made colorimetric determinations of the quantity of dissolved amino acids and removed insoluble proteins in the wash water.

The free amino acids removed from the stratum corneum varied in quantity with the pH of the washing water, increasing with alkalinity. When the skin was degreased prior to washing, the quantity of amino acids removed corresponded with that previously found at pH 1 I, irrespective of the pH of the water used, and was therefore maximal. Neither pH nor prior degreasing influenced the removal of insoluble protein.

It is thought that the widespread removal of amino acids from the horny layer may give rise to roughness and chapping of the skin.

[Nevertheless, it has been shown (Cited in F.C.T. 1967, 5, 131) that prior degreasing with detergent does not affect the reactivity of the skin towards chromic acid, potassium hydrox- ide or mercuric chloride.]

1382. A question of polish Ring, R. & Nelson, J. D. (1966). Hydrocarbon pneumonitis in rats. Comparison of mineral