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Part-A

Q1. With the help of appropriate example enlist various

methodsof internet connectivity.

Ans: There are many ways to connect to internet:

1. Analog

2. Satellite

3. Cable

4. Wireless Internet Connections

5. ISDN

6. DSL

Analog (up to 56k)

Also called dial-up-access, it is both economical and slow. Using a

modem connected to your PC, users connect to the Internet when

the computer dials a phone number (which is provided by your

ISP) and connects to the network. Dial-up is an analog connection

because data is sent over an analog, public telephone network. The

modem converts received analog data to digital and vise versa.

Because dial-up access uses normal telephone lines the quality of

the connection is not always good and data rates are limited.

Typical Dial-up connection speeds range from 2400 bps to 56

Kbps.

Satellite

internet over satellite (IoS) allows a user to access the Internet via

a satellite that orbits the earth. A satellite is placed at a static point

above the earth's surface, in a fixed position. Because of the

enormous distances signals must travel from the earth up to the

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satellite and back again, IoS is slightly slower than high-speed

terrestrial connections over copper or fiber optic cables

Cable

Through the use of a cable modem we can have a broadbandInternet connection that is designed to operate over cable TV lines.

Cable Internet works by using TV channel space for data

transmission, with certain channels used for downstream

transmission, and other channels for upstream transmission.

Because the coaxial cable used by cable TV provides much greater

bandwidth than telephone lines, a cable modem can be used to

achieve extremely fast access. Cable speeds range from 512 Kbps

to 20 Mbps.

Wireless Internet Connections

Wireless Internet or wireless broadband is one of the newest

Internet connection types. Instead of using telephone or cable

networks for your Internet connection, you use radio frequency

bands. Wireless Internet provides an always-on connection which

can be accessed from anywhere as long as you geographically

within a network coverage area. Wireless access is still considered

to be relatively new, and it may be difficult to find a wirelessservice provider in some areas. It is typically more expensive and

mainly available in metropolitan areas.

ISDN

Integrated services digital network (ISDN) is an international

communications standard for sending voice, video, and data over

digital telephone lines or normal telephone wires. Typical ISDN

speeds range from 64 Kbps to 128 Kbps.

Q2. With example illustrate the business use of internet.

Ans: Internet has a wide range of customers, buyers, service

providers, technical staff, etc. with the help of Internet business

can run on a single website .Information system and technology

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provide various channels to communication like E-mail, Instant

messages, SMS servers, etc to all employees at any time all over

the world. This type of software helps to saving time and cost of

the company Software are very important for a company for instant

Information of stocks, assets valuation, sales, purchases, andservice. Decision making is very easy to the management after IT

because its provide latest information to the management for

employee, stocks, sales, purchase, and services, etc The

management can make a decision after check IT reports.

Information technology provides a platform for a company to

connect the global world with Internet. Internet has a wide range of

customers, buyers, service providers, technical staff, etc. with the

help of Internet business can run on a single website Informationsystem and technology provide various channels to communication

like E-mail, Instant messages, SMS servers, etc to all employees at

any time all over the world. This type of software helps to saving

time and cost. Of the company Software are very important for a

company for instant Information of stocks, assets valuation, sales,

purchases, and service. Decision making is very easy to the

management after IT because its provide latest information to the

management for employee, stocks, sales, purchase, and services,etc The management can make a decision after check IT reports.

Q3. Using appropriate example highlight the significance of

DNS& IP addressing?

Ans: Domain Name Service is used to change internet domain and

computer names into IP addresses and vice versa. DNS works at

the application layer and uses TCP and UDP for transport. TCP is

only used if returned data is truncated. See the DNS section in the

Networking Guide for information about DNS. DNS was

originally based on HOSTS files that were maintained by a

centralized Network Information Center. Today of is based on a

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hierarchy of servers with a distributed hierarchical database

throughout the network or internet.

DNS Levels DNS is a hierarchical naming structure with the

following levels:

Root designated by a dot (.).

First level - This indicates country or type of organization

such as "org", "com", and "net".

Second level - Indicates the organization name and can be

purchased for a yearly fee.

Notice that the highest level of the domain is listed last. Anexample of a domain name that you may be familiar with is

comptechdoc.org.

Internet Protocol ( IP ) address

An Internet Protocol (IP) address is a

numerical label that is assigned to devices participating in a

computer network utilizing the Internet Protocol for

communication between its nodes. An IP address serves twoprincipal functions in networking: host identification and location

addressing. The role of the IP address has also been characterized

as follows: "A name indicates what we seek. An address indicates

where it is. A route indicates how to get there." The original

designers of TCP/IP defined an IP address as a 32-bit number and

this system, now named Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4), is still

in use today. However, due to the enormous growth of the Internet

and the resulting depletion of the address space, a new addressing

system (IPv6), using 128 bits for the address, was developed in

1995 and last standardized by RFC 2460 in 1998.Although IP

addresses are stored as binary numbers, they are usually displayed

in human-readable notations, such as 208.77.188.166 (for IPv4),

and 2001:db8:0:1234:0:567:1:1 (for IPv6).

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3. In the MS-DOS window, type the following:

Telnet 110

4. Press the ENTER key. The Telnet window appears and

displays a welcome message. This message will be

preceded by +OK and will vary depending on the software

installed on the POP Server

Q5. Write the steps to create an FTP session. Enumerate the

working of anonymous FTP

Ans: FTP Session

Connect to the Internet

Open an FTP session

Connect to the server

Choose the transfer mode

Transfer the file

Check the pages

Anonymous FTP Anonymous FTP is a privilege granted by theorganization that owns the computer to which you are connecting;

be considerate in your usage. Don't transfer files you don't need or

an excessive amount of material, and try to restrict your transfers

to off-peak hours a method for allowing the public to download

files using FTP (File Transfer Protocol) so that they don't have to

identify themselves. Usually the username "anonymous" should

be used, and either the password is provided by the FTP server or

anything may be used as the password.

Q6. What is the role of network protocols in Internet?

Ans: NETWORK PROTOCOLS a network protocol defines rules

and conventions for communication between network devices.

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1) Protocols for computer networking all generally use packet

switching techniques to send and receive messages in the

form of packets.

2)Network protocols include mechanisms for devices to

identify and make connections with each other, as well as

formatting rules that specify how data is packaged into

messages sent and received.

3) Some protocols also support message acknowledgement and

data compression designed for reliable and/or high-

performance network communication.