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What is Plagiarism? 13/7/2011
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Plagiarism
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Academic IntegrityCore ValueHonestyFairnessRespectNot acceptable areLyingStealingMisusing
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What is Plagiarism?
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Definition
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PLAGIARISMThe word “plagiarism” used in relation to lawsuits in the publishing and recording industries
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ACADEMIC PLAGIARISM
Plagiarism is the act of using another person’s ideas or expressions in your writing without acknowledging the source
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ACADEMIC PLAGIARISM
Plagiarism is to give the impression that you have written of thought something that you have borrowed from someone else
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ACADEMIC PLAGIARISM
Alexander Lindey defines it as “the false assumption of authorship: the wrongful act of taking the product of another person’s mind, and presenting it as one’s own”.
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PlagiarismSerious offenceNo strict laws against plagiarismPlagiarism statisticsAccording to surveys in U.S. News and World Report
80% of "high-achieving" high school students admit to cheating.51% of high school students did not believe cheating was
wrong.95% of cheating high school students said that they had not
been detected.75% of college students admitted cheating, and 90% of college
students didn't believe cheaters would be caught.Almost 85% of college students said cheating was necessary to
get ahead.
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PlagiarismAcademic plagiarism
Journalist plagiarism
Internet plagiarism
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Different Types of PlagiarismAcademic and journalistic plagiarism is an age
old practice. However, Internet plagiarism is now rampant
with the advent of the Internet, and plagiarism has taken many new forms. Now it is just about cut, copy, and paste, or a little rephrasing.
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Types of Plagiarism
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Types of PlagiarismCollusion
Between the studentsGroup work
Complete plagiarismPartial plagiarismCopy and pasteWord switch
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Types of PlagiarismMisinterpreting common knowledge
Well known in a filedTextbook, encyclopediahistorical facts known formula
Concealing SourcesWork from same book
Self plagiarismInadvertent plagiarism
Poor study skills13/7/2011
Types of PlagiarismGhost writer
The writer turns in another’s work, word-for-word, as his or her own
The PhotocopyThe writer copies significant portions of text straight
from a single source, without alterationThe potluck paper
Although the writer has retained the essential content of the source, he or she has altered the paper’s appearance slightly by changing key words and phrases.
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Source Cited (but still Plagiarized)
The forgotten footnoteThe Misinformer
The writer provides inaccurate information regarding the sources, making it impossible to find them.
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Source Cited (but still Plagiarized)
The too-perfect paraphraseThe writer properly cites a source, but neglects to put in
quotation marks text that has been copied word-for-word, or close to it. Although attributing the basic ideas to the source, the writer is falsely claiming original presentation and interpretation of the information.
The Resourceful CiterThe writer properly cites all sources, paraphrasing and
using quotations appropriately. The catch? The paper contains almost no original work! It is sometimes difficult to spot this form of plagiarism because it looks like any other well-researched document.
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Source Cited (but still Plagiarized)
The perfect crimeIn this case, the writer properly quotes and
cites sources in some places, but goes on to paraphrase other arguments from those sources without citation. This way, the writer tries to pass off the paraphrased material as his or her own analysis of the cited material.
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Students
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Reasons for plagiarismLazy
Cunning
Intentional
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Understand why students cheat
Students are natural economizersStudents are faced with too many choicesMany students have poor time management
and planning skillsSome students fear that their writing ability
is inadequateA few students like the thrill of rule breaking
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Understand why students cheat
Inadequate attention given to methods for citing sources (both within the text of the essay and in a list of references at the end of an essay)
Inadequate understanding of what materials should be cited
Inadequate understanding of the assignmentUnderestimating the instructor's/reader's ability to
locate information that has been cut from web sources and pasted into the text of an assigned essay
Underestimating the damage that is caused due to cheating, stealing, and lying
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Educate yourself about plagiarism
Downloading a free research paperBuying a paper from a commercial paper
millCopying an article from the web or an
online or electronic databaseCutting and pasting to create a paper from
several sourcesQuoting less than all the words copiesFaking a citation
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How to Guard Against plagiarism?Intentional
Non-intentional
Students should be educated
Hampers the ability to think
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How to Guard Against Plagiarism?Destroy creativity in an individual
Addiction
Individual talent will make the winner
PreventionLimit the collection sources
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PlagiarismPlagiarism on the rise due to Internet There is a lot of negligence by the peopleEven educated people are cheated quite easily by
fraudsters. Even if a certain person is dragged to the court for
illegal stealing of information, the damage done by him/her to the original writer, in terms of money and reputation is irreparable.
Thus, preventing plagiarism is a challengeEnforcing strict penalties against plagiarism of all
kinds has become the need of the hour.13/7/2011
Detecting PlagiarismWeb search techniques used by individual
Open source software
Commercial plagiarism detection agencies
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Anti-Plagiarism SoftwareViper (Open Source Software)
Turnitin
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Turnitin
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How do I use it?Each anti-plagiarism software program is slightly different;
however, in general, to use an anti-plagiarism program a teacher must:
Have a license to use the software. Usually this is best done through a school district or individual school rather than on an individual basis.
Create a user profile or account log-in. Set up the classes that will be using the software. Set up each assignment that you want to have students submit
through the program. Train students on the use of the software. Learn the specifics of the programStudents must be instructed on how to:
Create a user profile or account log-in. Submit papers.
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Turnitin
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Turnitin Result
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What are benefits of acknowledging?It distinguishes your critical and insightful thinking from the
thinking of othersIt indicates to the reader that you have completed an
appropriate amount of research and that you can be considered an authoritative voice on your topic or subject of focus
It suggests further avenues of information and inquiry for readers who wish to continue their study on your topic or subject of focus
It allows readers to follow up on your research sources if they wish to check for accuracy or to challenge your ideas
It allows you and your reader to situate your argument or commentary within the body of literature on your topic
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How can I avoid plagiarismDevelop and practice good time management habitsUse the library's resources for citing sources (both within
the text of your essay and in the list of references at the end of the essay)
Ask questions when you are uncertain if information should be cited in your essay
Keep research logs and notes related to the sources you use and refer to these when redrafting and proofreading your essays
Ask questions when you are uncertain about assignment guidelines or class policies
Schedule a Research Appointment with a librarian specializing in topics related to your research
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CITE REFERENCES
Advantages of acknowledging one’s source accurately
-Enrich your written assignment-Satisfaction of doing right thing-High ethics-Walk with your head held high-Enhance your credibility without responsibility-Aware of latest development-Statement is wrong then author is responsible-Reliable and respected source increase the credibility-Directing researchers to original sources
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REASONS FOR USING CITATIONS
Paying homage to pioneers.Giving credit for related work.Identifying methodology, equipment, etc.Providing background reading.Correcting background reading.Correcting the work of others.
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REASONS FOR USING CITATIONS
Criticizing previous work. Substantiating claims (by proof).Alerting researchers to forthcoming work.Providing leads to poorly disseminated, poorly indexed or uncited work.Authenticating data and classes of facts-physical constants etc.
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REASONS FOR USING CITATIONS
Identifying original publications in which an idea or concept or term was discussed.Identifying the original publication describing an eponymic concept or term as Pareto’s LawDisclaiming work or ideas of others.Disputing priority claims of others.
Source: Weinstock M. Citation indexes. In Encyclopedia of Library and Information Sc..
ACADEMIC PLAGIARISMPlagiarism often carries severe penalties, ranging from failure in a course to expulsion from school
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AssignmentDefine academic integrityIdentify instances of cheating and plagiarismList five reasons why plagiarism is wrongUnderstand the consequences of committing an act of
academic dishonestyIdentify situations where "fair use" applies to the use of
someone else's materialsIdentify works in the Public DomainFind information about the correct way to cite a
referenceBegin to develop your personal philosophy on academic
integrity 13/7/2011
AssignmentAssignment Covers:
Defines plagiarism and gives examples Consequences Importance of documenting sources Tips What to know when quoting Paraphrasing Citation Styles Quiz
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CITE REFERENCESIt is necessary to cite the research works you have used judiciously in your research work at the end in the dissertation according to the American Psychological Association (APA) style manual.
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Important Elements to RememberArticle – Periodical’s name in italicArticle in press – (in press)Magazine – (2000, November 10)Book – Title name in italicNewsletter – (Article in edited book – Title of the edited
book name in italicElectronic form – [Electronic version]
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Citation/ReferencingPeriodicalsBook, Brochures, Book ChaptersTechnical and Research ReportsProceedings of meeting and SymposiaDoctoral Dissertations and Master's ThesesUnpublished Work and Publications of
Limited circulation
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Citation/ReferencingReviewsAudiovisual MediaTelevision BroadcastElectronic MediaOther Electronic Media
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APA Style Abbreviations
chap.chaptered. editionRev. ed. revised edition2nd ed. second editionEd. (Eds.) Editor (Editors)Trans. Translator(s)n.d. no datep. (pp.) page (pages)
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APA Style Abbreviations
Vol. Volume (as in Vol. 4)Vols. Volumes (as in 4 vols.)No. NumberPt. PartTech. Rep. Technical ReportSuppl. Supplement
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SEARCH SOURCES form General to Specific
EncyclopediaBibliographyReviewsAbstracting & Indexing ServicesJournals/MagazinesReferences at the end of PublicationsDatabases
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HOW TO WRITE THE REFERENCE Direct quotes
Reproducing text word from another sourceKhandwalla (2002, p.23) observes that “few companies have courage as a core competency.”“Few companies have courage as a core competency” (Khandwalla, 2002, p.23).Direct quotes should not be more than 500 wordsThree dots (Few…Competency)5 Crore [50 millions] writer to improve quality
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HOW TO WRITE THE REFERENCE Paraphrasing text
- Khandwalla (2002) singles out courage – courage to take risks, courage to deal with the emotions of co-workers and courage to stand up for one’s values and beliefs as the most important requirement for a manager interested in
initiating and managing change in his organisation.
Difference: quote and own wordingKhandwalla (2002) points out that few companies have courage as a core competency. There are several other works says the same. Khandwalla (2002) also points out that few companies have courage as a core competency.
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HOW TO WRITE THE REFERENCE Demonstrating awareness of other works
- Several authors (e.g. Khandwalla 2002; Peter 2002) have emphasized the need for courage, especially courage to take risk in managers who pursue innovation and change.
- Courage, especially courage to take risk in managers who peruses innovation and change in your organisation (see
Khandwalla 2002; Peter 2002).- As Khandwalla (2002) and Parel (2002) argue that
managers who pursue innovation and change ought of have the courage to take risks, the model proposed here incorporates
courage as a potentially relevant factor influencing the organisational change process.
- As Khandwalla (2002) suggests that courage to take risks is important for managers pursuing change, we feel that it was appropriate to include it as one of the characteristics of
managers in our proposed model
PeriodiclasHerman L M Kucazaj S A III & Holder M D
(1993) Responses to anomalous gestural sequences by a language-trained dolphin: Evidence fir processing of semantic relations and syntactic information Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 122, 184-194
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PeriodiclasHerman, L. M., Kucazaj, S. A., III, & Holder, M.
D. (1993). Responses to anomalous gestural sequences by a language-trained dolphin: Evidence for processing of semantic relations and syntactic information. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 122, 184-194.
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Elements of references to periodicalsMellers, B. A. (2000). Choice and the
relative pleasure of consequences. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 184-194.
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