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13.5 Scientific Revolution
Objectives
• Explain how new discoveries in astronomy changed the way people viewed the universe.
• Analyze the contributions that Newton and other scientists made to the Scientific Revolution.
The Old Way
• Stuck in the past (Greeks and Church)
• Ptolemy’s geocentric theory
• How did they come up with this idea?
Scientific Revolution
• Began Mid-1500’s• Causes:– necessity – rebirth in learning
during Renaissance– Challenging older
ways and ancient ideas
Heliocentric Theory• Copernicus (1543)
On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres.
• Proposed heliocentric theory– Backlash– Tycho Brahe’s
observatory– Johannes Kepler,
used Brahe’s observations, supported with mathematical data (ellipse)
Galileo• Started by discounting
Aristotle/Ptolemy 1610• Assembled telescope,
observed Jupiter’s moons revolve around the planet.
• Supported Copernicus and called to Rome in front of Inquisition– “And yet it moves.”– Outcome?
• Ideas stuck
Scientific Method
• Problem=hypothesis=data=conclusion• Bacon moved away from reliance on ancients,
stressed experimentation and observation• Descartes “I think therefore I am”– Discourse on Method (1637)– Everything within human reason
Scientific Revolution
• Scientific Method needed new materials– Perfected Microscope by Leeuwenhoek(1590)– Fahrenheit and Celsius
• Dissection of bodies– On the Structure of the Human Body– Vesalius, first accurate and detailed study of
human anatomy – Harvey, circulation of blood and the heart
• Inoculations
Newton
• One set of universal gravitation.
• Natural laws dominated earth/humanity.
• Can be measured and described mathematically
• Gravity• Philsophie Naturalis
Principia Mathematica