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13.2 What is Design? (2)
CS 5984 Design of Interactive SystemsApril 20, 2005
13.2 What is Design? (2)April 20, 2005
copyright Steve Harrison
What is design(ing)?
Is designing a structure?Is designing improvisation?Should design be structured or improvisational?Is there a relationship between the thing being designed and the structure / improvisation of desiging? Should there be?How could it be described?
13.2 What is Design? (2)April 20, 2005
copyright Steve Harrison
Describe your project
Is designing a structure?Is designing improvisation?Should design be structured or improvisational?Is there a relationship between the thing being designed and the structure / improvisation of desiging? Should there be?How could it be described?
13.2 What is Design? (2)April 20, 2005
copyright Steve Harrison
What is Design?
Is/ought design improvisation or structure?questionsreflections
Revisit methods (12.2)Is/Ought x Improv/Struct x Content/ProcessReflections revisited...
13.2 What is Design? (2)April 20, 2005
copyright Steve Harrison
What is Design?
Is/ought design improvisation or structure?questionsreflections
Revisit methods (12.2)Is/Ought x Improv/Struct x Content/ProcessReflections revisited...
13.2 What is Design? (2)April 20, 2005
copyright Steve Harrison
methods revisitedAnalysis: Design:repeatability constant learningconsistency improvisationrigor as neededtheoritcal frame utilitarian
analysis design
single +
multiple +
13.2 What is Design? (2)April 20, 2005
copyright Steve Harrison
analytic methods / design methods
Single method in analysis:connects theory and practiceprovides means to distribute tasksnecessary to validate results against others
analysis designsinglemultiple
+
13.2 What is Design? (2)April 20, 2005
copyright Steve Harrison
analytic methods / design methods
Single method in design:limits allowable rhetoric, values, resultsshuts down thinking about processcan give the impression of being the whole storyparticularly problematic for the inexperienced (e.g. students)and therefore sometimes produces incorrect results
analysis designsinglemultiple
13.2 What is Design? (2)April 20, 2005
copyright Steve Harrison
analytic methods / design methods
In analysis multiple methods:mix possibly incompatible theoriesresults are difficult to compareare difficult to explain to members of a discipline
analysis designsinglemultiple
13.2 What is Design? (2)April 20, 2005
copyright Steve Harrison
analytic methods / design methods
In design multiple methods:
each one powerful but only in contextgeneral means to understanding that designing is composed of different activities
essential to reflecting on design facilitates collaborating
allows designers to design designing
analysis designsinglemultiple +
13.2 What is Design? (2)April 20, 2005
copyright Steve Harrison
What is Design?
Is/ought design improvisation or structure?questionsreflections
Revisit methods (12.2)Is/Ought x Improv/Struct x Content/ProcessReflections revisited...
13.2 What is Design? (2)April 20, 2005
copyright Steve Harrison
is / ought
The OED defines design as:
• A plan or scheme conceived in the mind and
intended for subsequent execution; the
preliminary conception of an idea that is to
be carried into affect by action; a project.
• To mark out; to designate; to name.
• To sketch.
Design is problem solving.
[cognitive science]
“Form follows function.”
[Louis Sullivan]
“Design is a mode of action.”
[Charles Eames]
Design is an act of individual
heroic creation.
[Howard Roarke in Ayn Rand’s The
Fountainhead]
Design is form-giving.
[translation of “design” from
Norwegian]
“Commodity, Firmness, Delight”
[Vitruvius ]
Design is a social activity.
Art
Science
Engineering
Design
[Rich Gold]
Design is
just one of
the four
creative
disciplines
“Good designers copy; great
designers steal.”
[Steve Jobs, after Pablo Picasso]
Good design increases sales;
great design creates market
leaders.[Raymond Lowey]
Design is the science of the
imaginary.
[Herbert Simon]
“God is in the details.”
[Ludwig Mies van der Rohe]
Design addresses wicked
problems.
[Horst Rittle]
Design process: Enumerate
aspects of solution space,
evaluate each one.
[Zwicky, Whittle, Card]
Debug this into reality.
[hackers’ creed]
Design research is pattern-
finding; designing is pattern-
applying.[Christopher Alexander]
Design is optimization.
[engineering]
Design is a reflective practice.
[Donald Schon]
Design is evocative.
13.2 What is Design? (2)April 20, 2005
copyright Steve Harrison
improv / structure
The OED defines design as:
• A plan or scheme conceived in the mind and
intended for subsequent execution; the
preliminary conception of an idea that is to
be carried into affect by action; a project.
• To mark out; to designate; to name.
• To sketch.
Design is problem solving.
[cognitive science]
“Form follows function.”
[Louis Sullivan]
“Design is a mode of action.”
[Charles Eames]
Design is an act of individual
heroic creation.
[Howard Roarke in Ayn Rand’s The
Fountainhead]
Design is form-giving.
[translation of “design” from
Norwegian]
“Commodity, Firmness, Delight”
[Vitruvius ]
Design is a social activity.
Art
Science
Engineering
Design
[Rich Gold]
Design is
just one of
the four
creative
disciplines
“Good designers copy; great
designers steal.”
[Steve Jobs, after Pablo Picasso]
Good design increases sales;
great design creates market
leaders.[Raymond Lowey]
Design is the science of the
imaginary.
[Herbert Simon]
“God is in the details.”
[Ludwig Mies van der Rohe]
Design addresses wicked
problems.
[Horst Rittle]
Design process: Enumerate
aspects of solution space,
evaluate each one.
[Zwicky, Whittle, Card]
Debug this into reality.
[hackers’ creed]
Design research is pattern-
finding; designing is pattern-
applying.[Christopher Alexander]
Design is optimization.
[engineering]
Design is a reflective practice.
[Donald Schon]
Design is evocative.
13.2 What is Design? (2)April 20, 2005
copyright Steve Harrison
content / process
The OED defines design as:
• A plan or scheme conceived in the mind and
intended for subsequent execution; the
preliminary conception of an idea that is to
be carried into affect by action; a project.
• To mark out; to designate; to name.
• To sketch.
Design is problem solving.
[cognitive science]
“Form follows function.”
[Louis Sullivan]
“Design is a mode of action.”
[Charles Eames]
Design is an act of individual
heroic creation.
[Howard Roarke in Ayn Rand’s The
Fountainhead]
Design is form-giving.
[translation of “design” from
Norwegian]
“Commodity, Firmness, Delight”
[Vitruvius ]
Design is a social activity.
Art
Science
Engineering
Design
[Rich Gold]
Design is
just one of
the four
creative
disciplines
“Good designers copy; great
designers steal.”
[Steve Jobs, after Pablo Picasso]
Good design increases sales;
great design creates market
leaders.[Raymond Lowey]
Design is the science of the
imaginary.
[Herbert Simon]
“God is in the details.”
[Ludwig Mies van der Rohe]
Design addresses wicked
problems.
[Horst Rittle]
Design process: Enumerate
aspects of solution space,
evaluate each one.
[Zwicky, Whittle, Card]
Debug this into reality.
[hackers’ creed]
Design research is pattern-
finding; designing is pattern-
applying.[Christopher Alexander]
Design is optimization.
[engineering]
Design is a reflective practice.
[Donald Schon]
Design is evocative.
13.2 What is Design? (2)April 20, 2005
copyright Steve Harrison
morphological box
improv structure
is
ought
pro
cess
con
ten
t
13.2 What is Design? (2)April 20, 2005
copyright Steve Harrison
Dorst & Cross, “Creativity in Design”think-aloud protocol study9 designers“co-evolution” model
improv structure
is
ought
pro
cess
con
ten
t
13.2 What is Design? (2)April 20, 2005
copyright Steve Harrison
Erickson, “Lingua Francas for Design”pattern languagewhat patterns?how would you test them?
improv structure
is
ought
pro
cess
con
ten
t
13.2 What is Design? (2)April 20, 2005
copyright Steve Harrison
Fallman, “Design-Oriented Human-Computer Interaction”
contrast with researchtries to locate HCIconservative, romantic, pragmatic accounts
improv structure
is
ought
pro
cess
con
ten
t
13.2 What is Design? (2)April 20, 2005
copyright Steve Harrison
improv structure
is
ought
pro
cess
con
ten
t
Schraefel “Making Tea: iterative design through analogy”
use of analogybridging domain gaps
13.2 What is Design? (2)April 20, 2005
copyright Steve Harrison
What is Design?
Is/ought design improvisation or structure?questionsreflections
Revisit methods (12.2)Is/Ought x Improv/Struct x Content/ProcessReflections revisited...
13.2 What is Design? (2)April 20, 2005
copyright Steve Harrison
Describe your project
Is designing a structure?Is designing improvisation?Should design be structured or improvisational?Is there a relationship between the thing being designed and the structure / improvisation of desiging? Should there be?How could it be described?
13.2 What is Design? (2)April 20, 2005
copyright Steve Harrison
What is Design?
Is/ought design improvisation or structure?questionsreflections
Revisit methods (12.2)Is/Ought x Improv/Struct x Content/ProcessReflections revisited...
13.2 What is Design? (2)April 20, 2005
copyright Steve Harrison
Coming Attraction
for Friday: Business Plan duefor Monday: Read Digital Ground, Chapter 10
(Caleb): prepare summary+quote+questions
![[OMG 93] - courses.cs.vt.educourses.cs.vt.edu/cs5204/fall05-kafura/Papers/Corba/corba.pdf · [OMG 93] “The Common Object ... “ANSAware Programmers Manual”, APM Ltd., Cambridge,](https://img.pdfslide.us/doc/110x75/5ad524937f8b9a6d708c85ea/omg-93-omg-93-the-common-object-ansaware-programmers-manual-apm.jpg)
