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13-2
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Competencies
Describe the six phases of the systems life cycle
Identify information needs and formulate possible solutions
Analyze existing information systems & evaluate the feasibility of alternative systems
13-3
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Competencies cont.
Identify, acquire, and test new system software and hardware
Switch from an existing information system to a new one
Perform system audits and periodic evaluations
13-5
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Phase 1Preliminary Investigation
Define the problem
Suggest alternative systems
Prepare a short report
13-6
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Phase 2 – Analysis
Gathering data
Analyzing the data
Document systems
analysis
13-7
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Analyzing the Data
Checklist
Top-down analysis method
Grid charts
Decision tables
System flowcharts
Data flow diagrams
Automated design tools
13-8
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Phase 3Design
Designing alternative systemsEconomic feasibility
Technical feasibility
Operational feasibility
Selecting the best system
Write the systems design report
13-9
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Phase 4Development
Acquiring software
Acquiring hardware
Testing the new system
13-10
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Phase 5Implementation
Types of conversionDirect
Parallel
Pilot
Phased
Training
13-11
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Phase 6Maintenance
Ongoing activity
Two partsSystems audit
Periodic evaluation
13-12
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Prototyping and Rapid Applications Development
Alternative to the systems life cycle
Use if systems life cycle is not feasible
Prototyping is building a model
RAD – Rapid applications development
13-13
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
A Look to the FutureRapid Change
Pace of business is now faster
To stay competitive, new technologies must be incorporated
Increased use of RAD and prototyping
Increased use of outside consulting
13-14
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Key Terms
automated design tool (365)
checklist (363)
Computer-aided software engineering tools (CASE) (365)
conversion (369)
data flow diagram (365)
decision table (364)
direct approach (369)
economic feasibility (367)
grid chart (364)
operational feasibility (367)
organization chart (362)
parallel approach (370)
phased approach (370)
13-15
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Key Terms
pilot approach (370)
preliminary investigation (359)
prototyping (373)
rapid applications development (RAD) (373)
system (358)
system flowchart (364)
systems analysis (362)
systems analysis report (366)
systems analyst (358)
systems audit (372)
systems design (366)
systems design report (367)
13-16
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Key Terms
systems development (368)
systems implementation (369)
systems life cycle (358)
systems maintenance (371)
technical feasibility (367)
top-down analysis method (363)
13-17
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
FAQs
What is a system?
What are the responsibilities of a system analyst?
Why is a preliminary investigation important for a new information system?
List several of the tools used for the analysis of data.
What is prototyping?