13.1 Natural resources support human activity 13.2 Minerals and rocks are nonrenewable resources...
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13.1 Natural resources support human activity 13.2 Minerals and rocks are nonrenewable resources 13.3 Resources can be conserved and recycled 13.4 Resources
13.1 Natural resources support human activity 13.2 Minerals and
rocks are nonrenewable resources 13.3 Resources can be conserved
and recycled 13.4 Resources can be converted to useful forms
Chapter 13: Natural Resources
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Warm-up questions Renewable resources are replaced over the
course of millions of years. Renewable resources are replaced at
about the same rate they are used. Nonrenewable resources include
sunlight, water, and wind. Nonrenewable resources include coal,
oil, natural gas, and uranium. Most of the electricity in the
United States comes from fossil fuels. true
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Minerals have many uses in industry Mineral deposits are
sources of (examples): metals for cars and airplanes quartz and
feldspar for glass fluorite and calcite for toothpaste Silver
compounds for photographic film Mica and talc for paint
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Minerals have many uses in the arts Gemstones Used in ancient
Egyptian jewelry 4000 ya Birthstones Found as rough and irregularly
shaped Must be cut and grinded then polished = beauty & sparkle
Need a mineral harder than the gemstone to shape/polish Metals: ex
- gold, silver Combine with copper to increase hardness
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What mineral does the aluminum for soda cans come from? Bauxite
Where does the lead used in batteries and weights come from? Galena
What is a mineral used to make abrasives? quartz
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Minerals form in several ways Form through natural process Form
when atoms of one or more substances join together and crystals
grow Depend on what elements are present, and the
temperature/pressure
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Mineral formation Water evaporates And leaves behind the
dissolved substances minerals Salt water evaporates halite atoms
form crystals table salt Ex: salt, gypsum Hot water cools Hot water
moves through rocks in the Earths crust dissolves minerals Water
cools, minerals separate from water becomes solid again After
cooling, may then become part of another mineral
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Mineral formation Molten rock cools Magma contains all types of
atoms found in minerals As magma cools, atoms join minerals Also
form as lava cools Ex: quartz Heat and pressure cause changes Bonds
between atoms break andjoin again Ex: garnet (formed by replacing
chlorite and quartz) Ex: carbon graphite, diamond Organisms produce
minerals Ex: ocean animals: oysters, clams, produce calcite and
other carbonate minerals for their shells Humans: produce apatite
for your bones and teeth
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Mineral Formation In this visual, how do the locations of the
examples of mineral formation change from the top of the picture to
the bottom? They go from the surface of Earth to deeper and deeper
within Earth. Where does the evaporation of water to form gypsum
take place? on Earths surface, along a shoreline Where and how can
gold crystallize? underground, in cracks in rocks, as hot water
cools What might be a source of heat for underground water? Magma
Where does magma cool and form minerals first? around the edges of
the body of magma How does graphite form? by the exposure of carbon
to high heat within Earth
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Which mineral resources might the United States need to import?
aluminum, diamond, gold From what continents could the United
States import aluminum? South America, Africa, Asia, Australia What
symbol is used to identify copper? a circle
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Many minerals are mined Some minerals are found near Earths
surface others lie deep underground Most minerals are combined with
other minerals in rocks Rocks that contain enough of a mineral to
be mined for a profit are called ores
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Surface Mining Minerals at or near Earths surface are recovered
by surface mining. Some minerals, such as gold, are very dense can
build up in riverbeds as less dense minerals are carried away by
the water Small scale: panning - a miner uses a pan to wash away
unwanted minerals that are less dense, gold remains Larger riverbed
mining operations: miners use machines to dig out and separate the
valuable minerals.
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Surface mining strip mining Miners strip away plants, soil, and
unwanted rocks from Earths surface Then they use machines to dig
out an ore.
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Surface Mining open-pit mining Also involves removing the
surface layer of soil Miners then use explosives to break up the
underlying rock and recover the ore As they dig a deep hole, or
pit, to mine the ore, they build roads up the sides of the pit
Trucks carry the ore to the surface. Ex: Copper and Iron ore
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Deep Mining when an ore lies far below Earths surface When the
ore is inside a mountain or hill, miners can cut a level passage to
reach the mineral they want Miners dig a vertical passage to reach
an ore that lies underground in a flat area or under a mountain
From the main passage, miners blast, drill, cut, or dig the ore If
the body of ore is horizontal, miners dig farther and farther into
the hill or mountain If it is vertical, they remove the ore in
layers