Slide 1

13,000 km 3 15,300,000 km 3 1,350,000,000 km 3 71,000 km 3 33,000,000 km 3 425,000 km 3 40,000 km 3 Slide 2 Carbon Cycling Slide 3 Slide 4 Nitrogen Cycling Slide 5 Global Biogeochemical Cycles 350-550 billion tons of carbon trapped in microbes 85-130 billion tons nitrogen in microbes 9-14 billion tons phosphorus in microbes 85% of the 15 billion tons of nitrogen fixed annually is fixed by bacteria 50% of oxygen produced by cyanobacteria Slide 6 Carbon Cycling Slide 7 Slide 8 Carbon dioxide concentration (ppm) Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii 320 340 360 380 Slide 9 Hottest years on Record 1902190119001903190419051906190719081909 1992199119901993199419951996199719981999 1962196119601963196419651966196719681969 1952195119501953195419551956195719581959 19321930 1933193419351936193719381939 1942194119401943194419451946194719481949 1912191119101913191419151916191719181919 1922192119201923192419251926192719281929 1972197119701973197419751976197719781979 1982198119801983198419851986198719881989 20022001200020032004200520062007 2008 2009 20102011 2012 Slide 10 Slide 11 Slide 12 Slide 13 Slide 14 Slide 15 Slide 16 IPCC Projected Impacts Slide 17 Slide 18 Carbon dioxide concentration (ppm) Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii 320 340 360 380 Slide 19 Ocean Acidification CO 2 + H 2 0 H 2 CO 3 HCO 3 - + H + Slide 20 Hoegh-Guldberg, et al. Science, 2008 Slide 21 Slide 22 Slide 23 Slide 24 Slide 25 Location Of The Stations Ambika Badh, 2009 Slide 26 Slide 27 Slide 28 Slide 29 Slide 30 Slide 31 Slide 32 Slide 33 Slide 34 Slide 35 Longer growing season Higher yield Better quality and different varieties of crop Stronger economy Changes in rainfall pattern (+/-) Higher risk of flood Higher risk of drought Ambika Badhs Predictions at 2007 NDAS meeting Slide 36 Slide 37 Bird range shrinkage by 2050 after Jetz, et al. PLOS Biology, 2007 (8,750 species) 60% 10% Slide 38 Slide 39 Slide 40 Slide 41 Fig. 25-5, p. 454 Slide 42 Parmesan, et al. Nature. 1999 Slide 43 Slide 44 Slide 45 Slide 46 The end Slide 47 Slide 48 Carbon dioxide concentration (ppm) Vostock Ice Core, Antarctica 200 250 300 Slide 49 Projected Temperature Change Moderate Greenhouse Gas Increase Large Greenhouse Gas Increase Slide 50 Parmesan, et al. Nature. 1999 Slide 51 Slide 52