13 Services of civil engineering

8/8/2019 13 Services of civil engineering

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SERVICES

By Engr. Syed Iftikhar Ahmad


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What are services ?

Services are the facilities for a building.Following are the common services for aresidential and commercial building

1. Water supply system2. Sanitary system

3. Gas supply system

4. Drainage system

5. Electricity supply system6. Telephone facility

7. Internet facility


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Services Groups

Services system consists of

arrangement of pipes or wires with in

or on to surface of the primaryelements of building

Services in a building can be broadly

classify in to two groups1. Those which require pipes

2. Those which require wires


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Pipe services materials

Pipe material can be of following types

1. Lead

2. Copper

3. Stainless steel4. Mild steel

5. Cast Iron (CI) (BS 78, BS 437 and BS 4622)

6. Vitrified clay (BS 65)

7. Concrete

8. pitch fiber (BS 2760)

9. Asbestos cement (AC)

10. galvanized iron (GI)

11. Plastic PVC (BS 3506 ,4660)


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Wired service material

wired material is know as conductor

through which electricity can flow

easily and the conductor coveringmaterial is called insulator

Copper is the most common material

for conductor PVC is the most suitable material as

insulator


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services required wired

service Sr. no 5 to 6 requires wires.


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Water supply system

Cold water system

Hot water system


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Cold water system

Cold water system provide water for

the following purposes.

1. Drinking purpose

2. Cooking purpose

3. Sanitary purpose

4. Washing purpose

5. Gardening


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Types of Cold water system

Cold water system is of two types

1. Direct system

2. Indirect system

Water is drawn from main service pie ofWASA(water & sanitary Authority).

Different valves are used like

Stop valve (connect or isolate the W/S from main

service) Drain cock (connect or isolate the interW/S system

of building


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Direct system

In this system main service pipepressure is considered as constant

and in the system water is directlydistributed in the building throughsmaller diameterPipes but for hotwater system water provide for

storage by a rising main into a storagecistern OHR as show in fig

lesser pipe lengths are required.


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Direct

System


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Indirect system In the system water is first feed to water cistern or OHR

In this system water is distributed in the building by mean of pipes ofdifferent sizes. The size of pipes depend on the

1. Quality of water

2. Length of pipe

3. Water pressure available

more pipe lengths are required in this system.

Air pocket must be avoided as they could lead to air lock

water supply is controlled at various points by mean of valves orstopcocks like ..

Ball valve ( To control the level of water in OHR Gate valve ( To isolate or shutoff supply to various parts of system)

Reflux or no return valve (It is used to maintain one directionalflow in pipes.

Pillar taps (to provide user control)


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Indirect

system


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Hot water system

Hot water system provide hot water for

1. Bathing

2. Space heating3. Washing

Source of heat in cither

1. Boiler

2. Electrical heat

3. Geyser


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Types of Hot water system

Hot water system is of two types

1. Direct

2. Indirect


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Types of Hot water system

Direct system

in this system hot water circulates b/w Boiler

and OHR water rain off as required Indirect system

in the system water circulates b/w boiler &

storage but does not mixed with it.

An expansion pipe is provided its allowdischarge extra water in cold water cistern


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Direct

system


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Indirect

system


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Cold water system layout


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Cold water system (Direct)


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Cold water system (Indirect)


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Cold water cistern


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Drainage system

Drainage system is provided for Drainage water used for wash & sanitary

purposes

Rain water disposal In sanitary system different appliances are

used like

Soil appliances like water closets urinals &Bidet

Waste appliances like wash basin & sink Soil appliances contains night soil

Waste appliance contains waste water


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Types of drainage systems

Combined system

Totally separate system

Partially separate system


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Man Holes

For inspection & clean in chambersare provided at

1. Junctions2. Change in direction

3. Change in grade

When depth is up to 900 mmInspection & cleaning chamber is

called Man hole


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Sanitary fitting & fixture

Sanitary fittings are provided for user to use thefacility & fixture are provided with the fitting to makethen in working condition

1. Fitting2. Wash hand bars

3. water closet

4. Bidet

5. Sinks

Fixtures1. Traps

2. Bends


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Gas system

Gas system provides natural gas to gas applianceslike

1.

Geysers2. Cooking ranges

3. Gas burners

Gas become highly explosive when mixed with airso gas system must be free from leakage

Temperature change may lead to condensation in

main pipe so a slight slope is provide to avidaccumulation of water to block the pipe

A gas meter & control cocks are provided.


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Electrical system

Electrical system is require for

several purposes like

1. Lighting2. Heating

3. Electrical appliance


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Types of Electrical system

Electrical supply system is of two

type

1. 240 volts system2. 110 volts system


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Electrical system

Electrical system is dived in a series of circuits like

1. Light circuit

2. Heating circuit

3. Power circuit The whole system must be earth by connect the

electrical system special conductor & passer intoground

for high rise building a lightning conductor is

provided Circuits are isolated by mean of fuse and switcher

are provided to control the supply


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Type of Electrical Wiring

Electrical wiring is provided either on

1. Wooden battens (old system)

2. PVC pipes

3. Metal tubes (conduit) PVC pipes & metal tube can either be

provided on the surface or in groves madebefore plasters in residential buildingsunder ground system is common &esthetically good

In industrial buildings metal tubes areprovided on surface.


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Telephone system

It is a specialist services.

Operated at a relatively low voltage

Its wring should be separated fromelectrical supply system.


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Flat Roof

Drainage


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Sloppy

RoofDrainage


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Surface

water

drainage


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Inspection chamber


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Inspection chamber


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Drainage

Systems


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Valves & joints


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Pipe Joints

Documents

13 Services of civil engineering