Road Pricing : “Nil Volentibus Arduum” (*)

Patrick Pype, NXP Semiconductors

(*) If you want, you can !

Who are we ?NXP Semiconductors

Connected mobile devices

Energy efficiency

Security

Health

• High-speed wireless connectivity and interfaces• Wireless and satellite infrastructure • Mobile and car audio/video and data• Increasing content in mobile devices

• Efficient power conversion / power management• CFL and LED lighting and back-lighting solutions• Energy conservation: e-metering, smart appliances• Electric/hybrid vehicles, intelligent traffic management

• Secure mobile transactions and secure identity• Goods tagging, authentication and tracking• Car safety, security and remote diagnostics features• Radar and (body)scanning installations

• Smart and small hearing aids and headsets• Personal health devices and portable medical imaging • Body area networks based on magnetic induction radio• Biosensors

provides High Performance Mixed Signal and Standard Product solutions that leverage its leading RF, Analog, Power Management, Interface, Security and Digital Processing expertise. These innovations are used in a wide range of automotive, identification, wireless infrastructure, lighting, industrial, mobile, consumer and computing applications. Headquartered in Europe, the company has approximately 28,000 employees working in more than 25 countries and posted sales of USD 3.8 billion in 2009. NXP has a large R&D center in Leuven (campus IMEC, campus Haasrode).

History of Road Pricing

1975 1st Congestion Pricing System1998 Upgrade to Electronic Toll Collection (ETC)2006 Variable pricing based on historical data & real-time traffic flow

1986 Combination of traditional tollbooths with ETC 1991 Trondheim introduces world's 1st use of completely unaided full-speed electronic tolling Now 25 toll-roads in-place

1975 Introduction of ETC1976 1st country applying single universal system to all tolls in country Systems being expanded with parking lots & gas station information

Jan – Jul 2006 Stockholm Congestion Pricing Pilot ProjectAug 2007 Full implementation of Congestion Pricing * Government decided yes after referendum with 47.5 % no – 52.5 % yes * Traffic passing reduced by 20-25 % * Improved air quality

Challenges

Energy Mgmt. & Billing

Environmental careEnhance mobility

Ensure safety

Intelligent Traffic Management & Road PricingEmergency Call Hybrid-/

Electric Vehicles

TelematicsM

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After market Car OEM Market

eCall(EU)

Pay-As-You-Drive Insurance

Infotainment Services

eCall (non EU)

Stolen Vehicle Tracking

Fleet Management

Public Road Pricing

Black Box

• Allowing 70 % of people to pay less than today

• Enabling a fair principle of paying according usage

• Creating positive impacts on economy-CO2 reduction and congestion

• Enabling emergency call in less than 4s

• To save 2500 lives in EU

• To save 25.9€ (including congestion cost savings) / year

Eindhoven Pilot

June – November 2009

Architecture

GPS Satellite

CentralServer

OBU

SecureTransfer

Secure ID

SecurePositioning

SecureAttachment

Vignette

GPS

GSM/GPRS

An All Road,GPS based System

Road Pricing: Fair Tax for Road Usage depending on Distance, Time, Place and Pollution Car

Tariff

Tariff in Eurocent per km

8 – 9 am 5 – 6 pm

Outside of rush hours

City, local roads 20 12Circular roads 10 5Highways 5 3Outside region 2 2

Phases:

1. Zero measurement

2. Improvement competition: rewards

3. No rewards, check impact

Tariff depending on distance, time and place (road type) 50 NXP and IBM employees

Results

• ~70% of drivers improved behavior when rewarded• These users showed >16% improvement in

average cost / km• When reward was removed of all drivers

2 out of 3 increased average cost/km again• For commute traffic:

users will make trade off between costs and behavior they are used to• User interaction (display) is essential to influence behavior (taxi meter)• The maps should be up to date all time to tax correctly, leads to central map• No major issues in the technology, identified essential requirements:

Ease of Use, Robustness, Security, Privacy, Over the Air Updates

Conclusions after more than 200.000 kms and 2 Million GPS positions

Belgium - Awareness Event April 21st, 2010

GPS Satellite

Roadpricing/Mobility CentralServer

OBU

SecureTransfer

Secure ID

SecurePositioning

SecureAttachment

Vignette

GPS

GSM

eCallCentralServer

Brussel – Leuven Demonstrator Roadpricing April 21st, 2010

Brussel – Leuven Demonstrator eCall & Car2Car April 21st, 2010

GPS Satellite

eCall generated

eCallCentralServer

C2Cserver

Cars driving same direction get warning message and guidance

Belgium - Awareness Event April 21st, 2010

Conclusions

1. TECHNOLOGY

2. INVOLVEMENT OF STAKEHOLDERS

3. ROLE OF GOVERNMENT

- Feasible – from trucks to private cars…- Low cost – Small size - Low risk- Easy Install- Security & Privacy solutions available- Smoothens path to electrical cars & smart grids

- Roles of partners clear – integration & cooperation to be worked out- Public Private Partnerships to be established- User acceptance (!), a.o. via additional government & 3rd party services

- Business model to be worked out- Need to make a firm decision - Need for a European Directive towards deployment