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13 Nuclear Technologies 2016.notebook June 09, 2017 Applications of Current Nuclear Technologies Nuclear Medicine MRI (Nuclear Magnetic Resonant Imaging) Magnetic fields, Radio waves, and Field Gradients to make images of the body CT (Computer Tomography) Uses computers to knit together x‐rays taken of the human body PET (positron emission tomography) Scanner looks for the presence of radiological tracers in the body

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Page 1: 13 Nuclear Technologies 2016.notebookgreenall-physics30.wdfiles.com/local--files/main... · 13 Nuclear Technologies 2016.notebook June 09, 2017 Industrial Radiography The use of ionizing

13 Nuclear Technologies 2016.notebook June 09, 2017

Applications of Current Nuclear Technologies

Nuclear MedicineMRI (Nuclear Magnetic Resonant Imaging)

Magnetic fields, Radio waves, and Field 

Gradients to make images of the body

CT (Computer Tomography)

Uses computers to knit together x‐rays taken of the human body

PET (positron emission tomography)

Scanner looks for the presence of radiological tracers in the body

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13 Nuclear Technologies 2016.notebook June 09, 2017

Medical IsotopesSafe radioactive substances that are injected into the body to highlight areas of sickness and disease. 

Cancer Treatment

Radiation therapy kills cancer cells by damaging their DNA. Radiation therapy can either damage DNA directly or create charged particles (free radicals) within the cells that can in turn damage the DNA. 

Linear Accelerator

Cobalt 60 Machine

Brachythearapy

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13 Nuclear Technologies 2016.notebook June 09, 2017

Food IrradiationThe process of exposing foodstuffs to ionizing radiation. This process kills pests living in the food and extends shelf life.

Low doses kill insects and parasitesHigh does kill bacteriaViruses cannot be killed

 

Smoke DetectorsUses Americium ­ 241 to differentiate between smoke and steam. The radioactive source and detector are shielded so there is no threat to people in the home.

 

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13 Nuclear Technologies 2016.notebook June 09, 2017

Industrial Radiography

The use of ionizing radiation to view objects in a way that cannot be seen otherwise. Radiography's purpose is strictly viewing. 

Pesticide TracersJust like isotopes can be used in people to locate disease, certain isotopes can be used to follow chemicals in plants and animals.Useful for finding where pesticides are building up.

 

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13 Nuclear Technologies 2016.notebook June 09, 2017

Nuclear WeaponsBecause of the ability to release huge amounts of energy, and that the process can start a chain reaction nuclear weapons can be highly destructive.

 Chain reaction is produced as every reaction releases more neutrons that can cause more fission.

Nuclear Weapons continued

Trinity New Mexico test bombJuly 16, 194520kt

FatmanNagasaki, JapanAug 9, 194521kt

LittleboyHiroshima, JapanAug 6, 194518kt 120 000 to 

140 000 died}

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13 Nuclear Technologies 2016.notebook June 09, 2017

Nuclear Weapons continuedWho has Nuclear Weapons?

USA 7300

Russia 8000

UK 225

France 300

China 250

India 90­110

Pakistan 100­120

Isreal 80?

North Korea 6­8

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13 Nuclear Technologies 2016.notebook June 09, 2017

Nuclear Power

The chain reaction allows for a large amount of energy produced. To allow for power production you need:

Fuel of critical mass­ Something Fissionable (U of Pl)

and of high concentration (Critical Mass)

Neutrons ­ Needed to start the reaction

Moderator ­ Needed to control the chain reaction

Coolant ­ Something to take the excess heat away so the 

the process can start again (Water, Deuterium, etc)

Nuclear Power continued

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13 Nuclear Technologies 2016.notebook June 09, 2017

Nuclear Power continuedHot waste needs to be cooled

Waste needs to be stored for thousands of years