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13 Nuclear Technologies 2016.notebook June 09, 2017
Applications of Current Nuclear Technologies
Nuclear MedicineMRI (Nuclear Magnetic Resonant Imaging)
Magnetic fields, Radio waves, and Field
Gradients to make images of the body
CT (Computer Tomography)
Uses computers to knit together x‐rays taken of the human body
PET (positron emission tomography)
Scanner looks for the presence of radiological tracers in the body
13 Nuclear Technologies 2016.notebook June 09, 2017
Medical IsotopesSafe radioactive substances that are injected into the body to highlight areas of sickness and disease.
Cancer Treatment
Radiation therapy kills cancer cells by damaging their DNA. Radiation therapy can either damage DNA directly or create charged particles (free radicals) within the cells that can in turn damage the DNA.
Linear Accelerator
Cobalt 60 Machine
Brachythearapy
13 Nuclear Technologies 2016.notebook June 09, 2017
Food IrradiationThe process of exposing foodstuffs to ionizing radiation. This process kills pests living in the food and extends shelf life.
Low doses kill insects and parasitesHigh does kill bacteriaViruses cannot be killed
Smoke DetectorsUses Americium 241 to differentiate between smoke and steam. The radioactive source and detector are shielded so there is no threat to people in the home.
13 Nuclear Technologies 2016.notebook June 09, 2017
Industrial Radiography
The use of ionizing radiation to view objects in a way that cannot be seen otherwise. Radiography's purpose is strictly viewing.
Pesticide TracersJust like isotopes can be used in people to locate disease, certain isotopes can be used to follow chemicals in plants and animals.Useful for finding where pesticides are building up.
13 Nuclear Technologies 2016.notebook June 09, 2017
Nuclear WeaponsBecause of the ability to release huge amounts of energy, and that the process can start a chain reaction nuclear weapons can be highly destructive.
Chain reaction is produced as every reaction releases more neutrons that can cause more fission.
Nuclear Weapons continued
Trinity New Mexico test bombJuly 16, 194520kt
FatmanNagasaki, JapanAug 9, 194521kt
LittleboyHiroshima, JapanAug 6, 194518kt 120 000 to
140 000 died}
13 Nuclear Technologies 2016.notebook June 09, 2017
Nuclear Weapons continuedWho has Nuclear Weapons?
USA 7300
Russia 8000
UK 225
France 300
China 250
India 90110
Pakistan 100120
Isreal 80?
North Korea 68
13 Nuclear Technologies 2016.notebook June 09, 2017
Nuclear Power
The chain reaction allows for a large amount of energy produced. To allow for power production you need:
Fuel of critical mass Something Fissionable (U of Pl)
and of high concentration (Critical Mass)
Neutrons Needed to start the reaction
Moderator Needed to control the chain reaction
Coolant Something to take the excess heat away so the
the process can start again (Water, Deuterium, etc)
Nuclear Power continued
13 Nuclear Technologies 2016.notebook June 09, 2017
Nuclear Power continuedHot waste needs to be cooled
Waste needs to be stored for thousands of years