ISSN 0036-8075

13 May 1983Volume 220, No. 4598

LETTERS University Budget Cuts: A. B. Lovins and L. H. Lovins; Nuclear Tests:J. F. Evernden; EPA Funds: J. P. Horton ................................

EDITORIAL Scientists and Engineers in the World of Lawyers, Legislators, andRegulators: A. J. Harrison ..............................................

ARTICLES Optimization by Simulated Annealing: S. Kirkpatrick, C. D. Gelatt, Jr.,M. P. Vecchi..........................................................

Bone Cell Differentiation and Growth Factors: M. R. Urist, R. J. DeLange,G. A. M. Finerman ....................................................

Toward a Theory of Bargaining: An Experimental Study in Economics:A. E. Roth ............................................................

NEWS AND COMMENT

RESEARCH NEWS

The Mysterious Expulsion of Steven Mosher.................................

U.S.-India Project: Bold Plan, Few Dollars...................................

Scientists Fault Charges of Soviet Cheating..................................

Briefing: NRC Relents on Salem, Clears Plant for Restart; Astronomers Ponder aCatch-22; The Breeder: Selling the Unsalable?; Landsat Agonistes(Continued); Formaldehyde Ban Is Overturned...........................

Were Lucy's Feet Made for Walking?......................................Fractional Quantum Numbers in Solids.......................................

Monkey Model of Parkinson's Disease .......................................

AAAS NEWS Call for Symposium Proposals-New York Meeting...........................

BOOK REVIEWS From Cyclotrons to Cytochromes, reviewed by H. Z. Sable; Bark Beetles inNorth American Conifers, F. Gould; The Ecology of Whales and Dolphins,R. R. Reeves; Axoplasmic Transport and Axoplasmic Transport in Physiologyand Pathology, D. L. Wilson; Books Received ............................

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REPORTS Photochemical Formation of Hydrogen Peroxide in Surface and Ground WatersExposed to Sunlight: W. J. Cooper and R. G. Zika ........................ 711

Adaptations for Climbing in North American Multituberculates (Mammalia):F. A. Jenkins, Jr., and D. W. Krause .712

The Effects of Direct-Current Magnetic Fields on Turtle Retinas in vitro:M. S. Raybourn ....................................................... 715

Single-Channel Fluctuations in Bimolecular Lipid Membranes Induced by RatOlfactory Epithelial Homogenates: V. Vodyanoy and R. B. Murphy .717

Formation in vitro of Sperm Pronuclei and Mitotic Chromosomes Induced byAmphibian Ooplasmic Components: M. J. Lohka and Y. Masui .719

Ectopic Pro-Opiolipomelanocortin: Sequence of cDNA Coding for ,B-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone and ,-Endorphin: C. R. DeBold et al. 721

Formation of an Adenine-Thymine Photoadduct in the DeoxydinucleosideMonophosphate d(TpA) and in DNA: S. N. Bose et al .723

Gene Transfer by Polyoma-Like Particles Assembled in a Cell-Free System:S. N. Slilaty and H. V. Aposhian .......... .............................. 725

Passive Transfer of Diabetes in the BB/W Rat: S. Koevary et al..727

Monocyte Chemotaxis: Stimulation by Specific Exosite Region in Thrombin:R. Bar-Shavit et al. 728

A Direct and Active Influence of Gravity on the Behavior of a MarineInvertebrate Larva: A. Pires and R. M. Woollacott .731

Social Stress and Atherosclerosis in Normocholesterolemic Monkeys:J. R. Kaplan et al. ................... ................................. 733

Parthenogenesis in the Endemic Australian Lizard Heteronotia binoei(Gekkonidae):' C. Moritz .............. .................................. 735

Functional Organization of the Second Cortical Visual Area in Primates:R. B. H. Tootell et al. ................ ................................. 737

Lymphoid Cell-Glioma Cell Interaction Enhances Cell Coat Production byHuman Gliomas: Novel Suppressor Mechanism: S. J. Dick et al. ..... ...... 739

Evidence for Sensory-Selective Set in Young Infants: B. J. Anthony andF. K. Graham . ........................................................ 742

Single Visual Neurons Code Opposing Motion Independent of Direction:B. J. Frost and K. Nakayama ........... ................................ 744

OUCTS AND Chromatogram Processor; Vacuum Oven; Liquid Chromatograph; Peak OutputEATERIALS Simulator for Data Systems; Ion Chromatography Module; Mathematics

Software; Laboratory Microcomputer; Literature ........................... 746

COVER

Restoration of a multituberculate basedaprincipally on a specimen of Ptilodus

kummae from the late Paleocene ofwestern North America. Ptilodus kum-mae possessed several specializationsfor climbing, including an unusualrange of tarsal mobility characteristicof arboreal mammals that descendtrees headfirst, a divergent, graspinghallux, and a prehensile tail. See page712. [L. L. Sadler, Biomedical Com-munications, University of TexasHealth Center at Dallas 75235]

13 May 1983, Volume 220, Number 4598

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SCIENCE

entists and Engineers in the World ofwyers, Legislators, and Regulatorsa technological society, the professional roles of many scientists andleers become inextricably intertwined with those of lawyers, legisla-and regulators. As the use of technology, particularly high technology,nds, increasing numbers of scientists and engineers will becomessionally involved in the legal, legislative, and regulatory affairs of thetn. Advances in science and technology raise societal issues related totuality of life of this and succeeding generations and to the fundamentals of individuals.ciety depends on scientists and engineers to carry on the investigationslead to an enhanced understanding of ourselves and our physical,gical, social, economic, and political environment, and to enhancedbilities for developing technological options and developing or modify-)cial, economic, and political systems. Society also depends on them toide specific scientific and technological information essential for legis-, regulatory, and legal actions. I share the concern of many scientists,leers, lawyers, legislators, and regulators that scientists and engineersbecome so involved be prepared to fulfill the responsibilities of thethey accept, and that lawyers, congressmen, and regulators endeavorst scientists and engineers in roles that are appropriate. The counter-of this concern is that lawyers, legislators, and regulators have theground to understand the nature of scientific knowledge and the-ss from which it is derived.ese are, of course, not new concerns. AAAS national meetingstently include symposia on related issues. At the annual meeting heldyear in Detroit there will be at least three such symposia: The Role ofitific Evidence in Policy-Making (27 May), Expert Claims and Socialsions (27 May), and Science and the Federal Rules of Evidence (31). The first, arranged by Jurgen Schmandt, from the Lyndon B.son School of Public Affairs, University of Texas at Austin, will.ss the use of evidence derived from the natural sciences. The second,ged by Rachelle D. Hollander, National Science Foundation, andtdor D. Sterling, Simon Fraser University, will emphasize issues ofssional ethics and accountability. The third symposium has beeniged by the National Conference of Lawyers and Scientists, aniization established in 1974 by the AAAS and the American Barciation to facilitate communication among lawyers, scientists, andleers.ave been involved with the American Chemical Society (ACS) inities related to the implementation of the Toxic Substances ControlThe ACS participation is designed to assist the Environmental Protec-Agency in evolving regulations that are consistent with available{ledge, and it involves bringing together scientists and engineers withxpertise to provide scientific and technological information and criti-evaluate proposed regulations. In this low-profile involvement, scien-and engineers are comfortable and effective.e adversarial environment of courts and some hearings is a different-r. In these high-profile roles, scientists and engineers are frequentlymfortable and sometimes ineffective. Misadventures do occur. Theers to effective participation in such situations are not well understood,t might be worthwhile considering the formation of a section of AAASted to the analysis of this and related matters.sadventures in the utilization of expert witnesses deprive society of theibution these witnesses could make and may contribute to a negativec image of scientists, engineers, science, engineering, and technology.scientific and technological community cannot walk away from itsnsibility to participate in the resolution of societal issues.-ANNA J.RISON, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Massachusetts 01075