13-Jul-07 The Urban Audit – a combination of hard facts and a perception survey Dr. Berthold Feldmann Eurostat – the statistical office of the European

13-Jul-07

The Urban Audit – a combination of hard facts and a perception survey

Dr. Berthold Feldmann Eurostat – the statistical office of the European Union

Name of the presentation2 / 26

International Forum on Metropolitan Statistics in Beijing

Structure of the talk

What is the Urban Audit

The perception surveys

Some examples

13-Jul-07

Chapter 1

Since 1999: Comparable European Urban Statistics



Dimensions of the Urban Audit dataset More than 260 indicators (derived series)

calculated

Reference years 1991 reduced data set 1996 reduced data set 2001 complete data set 2004 latest data set

We also use neighbouring

years, if th

e reference year

is not available

Three spatial units 321 cities in EU27, plus cities from NO, CH, HR and TR larger urban zones (LUZ) sub-city information



Data availability (for the core city)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

1991 1996 2001 2004

Reference year



Covered domains

1. DEMOGRAPHY

1.1 Population

1.2 Nationality

1.3 Household Structure

2. SOCIAL ASPECTS

2.1 Housing

2.2 Health

2.3 Crime

3. ECONOMIC ASPECTS

3.1 Labour Market

3.2 Economic Activity

3.3 Income, Disparities and Poverty

4. CIVIC INVOLVEMENT

4.1 Civic Involvement

4.2 Local Administration

5. TRAINING AND EDUCATION

5.1 Education and Training (Provision)

5.2 Attainment of Education & Training

6. ENVIRONMENT

6.1 Climate/ Geography

6.2 Air Quality and Noise

6.3 Water

6.4 Waste Management

6.5 Land Use

6.6 Energy Use

7. TRAVEL AND TRANSPORT

8. INFORMATION SOCIETY

9. CULTURE AND RECREATION

9.1 Culture and Recreation

9.2 Tourism



Examples of Indicators

Obvious indicators

Population

Income

GDP

Unemployment

Poverty

Unusual indicators Crime rate

Days of sunshine

Cinema places

Noise level

Mode of transport to work

13-Jul-07

Chapter 2

The perception surveys



The first Urban Audit perception survey 2004

Opinion poll in 31 cities of old MS, January 2004

Complementary to hard facts

For example: feeling of safety ≠ small number of recorded crime

300 respondents per city



Telephone survey with many questions Perception of.. satisfied with public

transport

satisfied with schools

satisfied with hospitals

satisfied with doctors

satisfied with green space

satisfied with sport facilities

satisfied with cinemas

satisfied with cultural facilities

satisfied with public internet access

satisfied with internet access at home

it is easy to find a good job here

foreigner here are well integrated

administrative services help efficiently

air pollution is a big problem here

noise is a big problem here

this is a clean city

resources are spent in a responsible way

satisfied to live in this city

difficulty paying the bills at the end of the month

Feel safe in this neighbourhood

feel safe in this city



The perception survey 2006

Repeated in December 2006 for 75 cities in 29 countries

Instead of 31 cities in 15 countries

Exactly the same questions asked

Sample size increased to 500 telephone interviews per city

Again: use of fixed telephones only

bias of respondents?

People are satisfied to live in this city

-50%

-30%

-10%

10%

30%

50%

70%

90%

Gro

ning

en (

NL)

Leip

zig

(DE)

Krak

ow (PL

)Aal

borg

(DK)

Kobe

nhav

en (DK)

New

cast

le (

UK)

Clu

j-Nap

oca

(RO

)Lu

xem

bour

g (L

U)

Ham

burg

(DE)

Gda

nsk

(PL)

Oul

u (F

I)Pi

atra

Nea

mt

Mun

chen

(DE)

Ovi

edo

(ES)

Gra

z (A

T)M

alag

a (E

S)Ren

nes

(FR)

Kosi

ce (SK

)Bur

gas

(BG)

Talli

nn (EE

)Ver

ona

(IT)

Bra

ga (PT

)Za

greb

(H

R)

Bel

fast

(UK)

Dor

tmun

d (D

E)St

rasb

ourg

(FR

)Hel

sink

i (FI

)Am

ster

dam

(NL)

Viln

ius

(LT)

Bor

deau

x (F

R)

Ljub

ljana

(SL

)W

ien

(AT)

Dub

lin (IE

)Car

diff

(U

K)St

ockh

olm

(SE

)Bar

celo

na (ES

)Bol

ogna

(IT

)Li

lle (FR

)Pr

aha

(CZ)

Bia

lyst

ok (PL

)O

stra

va (CZ)

Mal

mö

(SE)

Rom

a (I

T)Ant

wer

pen

(BE)

Gla

sgow

(UK)

Lisb

oa (PT

)Ir

akle

io (EL

)Es

sen

(DE)

Paris

(FR)

Man

ches

ter

(UK)

Rig

a (L

V)

Bra

tisl

ava

(SK)

Rot

terd

am (N

L)Li

ege

(BE)

Ber

lin (DE)

Torino

(IT

)Bru

ssel

(BE)

War

szaw

a (P

L)Ant

alya

(TR

)Ank

ara

(TR)

Mad

rid

(ES)

Mar

seill

e (F

R)

Sofia

(BG)

Bud

apes

t (H

U)

Mis

kolc

(H

U)

Lefk

osia

(CY)

Pale

rmo

(IT)

Val

etta

(M

T)Lo

ndon

(UK)

Fran

kfur

t an

der

Diy

arba

kir (T

R)

Buc

ures

ti (R

O)

Ista

nbul

(TR

)Nap

oli (

IT)

Ath

inia

(EL

)

Somewhat disagree Strongly disagree Somewhat agree Strongly agree

It is easy to find a good job

-100%

-80%

-60%

-40%

-20%

0%

20%

40%

60%

Prah

a (C

Z)Ko

benh

aven

(DK)

Dub

lin (IE

)Aal

borg

(DK)

Bra

tisl

ava

(SK)

Car

diff

(U

K)Ant

wer

pen

(BE)

Man

ches

ter

(UK)

Am

ster

dam

(NL)

Hel

sink

i (FI

)Lo

ndon

(UK)

Rot

terd

am (N

L)Gla

sgow

(UK)

Lefk

osia

(CY)

Ver

ona

(IT)

Mun

chen

(DE)

Luxe

mbo

urg

(LU)

Paris

(FR)

Stoc

khol

m (SE

)W

arsz

awa

(PL)

Ren

nes

(FR)

Stra

sbou

rg (

FR)

New

cast

le (

UK)

Ljub

ljana

(SL

)Bol

ogna

(IT

)O

ulu

(FI)

Irak

leio

(EL

)Ta

llinn

(EE

)So

fia

(BG)

Bur

gas

(BG)

Bru

ssel

(BE)

Bel

fast

(UK)

Krak

ow (PL

)M

adrid

(ES)

Rig

a (L

V)

Wie

n (A

T)Clu

j-Nap

oca

(RO

)Li

lle (FR

)Ham

burg

(DE)

Gro

ning

en (

NL)

Viln

ius

(LT)

Gra

z (A

T)Li

ege

(BE)

Buc

ures

ti (R

O)

Bar

celo

na (ES

)Bor

deau

x (F

R)

Gda

nsk

(PL)

Val

etta

(M

T)M

alag

a (E

S)M

alm

ö (S

E)Bra

ga (PT

)Ath

inia

(EL

)Bud

apes

t (H

U)

Zagr

eb (H

R)

Ant

alya

(TR

)M

arse

ille

(FR)

Ovi

edo

(ES)

Esse

n (D

E)To

rino

(IT

)O

stra

va (CZ)

Lisb

oa (PT

)Is

tanb

ul (TR

)Rom

a (I

T)Dor

tmun

d (D

E)Pi

atra

Nea

mt (R

O)

Leip

zig

(DE)

Ber

lin (DE)

Ank

ara

(TR)

Kosi

ce (SK

)Bia

lyst

ok (PL

)M

isko

lc (H

U)

Diy

arba

kir (T

R)

Fran

kfur

t/O

der (D

E)Pa

lerm

o (I

T)Nap

oli (

IT)


Air pollution is a big problem

-100%

-80%

-60%

-40%

-20%

0%

20%

40%

60%

Gro

ning

en (

NL)

Bia

lyst

ok (PL

)Aal

borg

(DK)

Piat

ra N

eam

t (R

O)

Fran

kfur

t an

der

Ode

r (D

E)O

vied

o (E

S)Ren

nes

(FR)

Ham

burg

(DE)

Oul

u (F

I)New

cast

le (

UK)

Leip

zig

(DE)

Mal

mö

(SE)

Luxe

mbo

urg

(LU)

Wie

n (A

T)Car

diff

(U

K)Dor

tmun

d (D

E)Ank

ara

(TR)

Esse

n (D

E)Bor

deau

x (F

R)

Stoc

khol

m (SE

)Bel

fast

(UK)

Bra

ga (PT

)Dub

lin (IE

)Ir

akle

io (EL

)Diy

arba

kir (T

R)

Ant

alya

(TR

)M

alag

a (E

S)M

unch

en (

DE)

Hel

sink

i (FI

)Ko

sice

(SK

)M

isko

lc (H

U)

Ost

rava

(CZ)

Ber

lin (DE)

Gla

sgow

(UK)

Talli

nn (EE

)M

anch

este

r (U

K)Li

lle (FR

)Is

tanb

ul (TR

)Gda

nsk

(PL)

Bra

tisl

ava

(SK)

Kobe

nhav

en (DK)

Rig

a (L

V)

Ljub

ljana

(SL

)Li

ege

(BE)

Clu

j-Nap

oca

(RO

)Ant

wer

pen

(BE)

Krak

ow (PL

)Am

ster

dam

(NL)

Zagr

eb (H

R)

Mar

seill

e (F

R)

Gra

z (A

T)W

arsz

awa

(PL)

Bar

celo

na (ES

)Pa

lerm

o (I

T)Rot

terd

am (N

L)Bru

ssel

(BE)

Lefk

osia

(CY)

Bud

apes

t (H

U)

Prah

a (C

Z)St

rasb

ourg

(FR

)Viln

ius

(LT)

Lond

on (UK)

Lisb

oa (PT

)Nap

oli (

IT)

Paris

(FR)

Mad

rid

(ES)

Torino

(IT

)Bol

ogna

(IT

)Buc

ures

ti (R

O)

Ver

ona

(IT)

Sofia

(BG)

Bur

gas

(BG)

Rom

a (I

T)Val

etta

(M

T)Ath

inia

(EL

)


It is easy to find good housing at a reasonable price (only the capitals)

-100%

-80%

-60%

-40%

-20%

0%

20%

40%

60%

Ber

lin (

DE)

Mad

rid (

ES)

Ath

inia

(EL)

Budap

est

(HU

)

Anka

ra (

TR

)

Wie

n (

AT)

Bru

ssel

(B

E)

Sofia

(BG

)

Tal

linn (

EE)

Viln

ius

(LT)

Val

etta

(M

T)

Pra

ha

(CZ)

Ljubljan

a (S

L)

War

szaw

a (P

L)

Rig

a (L

V)

Lefk

osi

a (C

Y)

Lisb

oa

(PT)

Zag

reb (

HR

)

London (

UK

)

Am

ster

dam

(N

L)

Rom

a (I

T)

Koben

hav

en (

DK

)

Bra

tisl

ava

(SK

)

Hel

sinki

(FI

)

Sto

ckholm

(SE)

Bucu

rest

i (R

O)

Luxe

mbourg

(LU

)

Dublin

(IE

)

Par

is (

FR)


Satisfied with the cultural facilities (selection of cities)

-40%

-20%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Hel

sin

ki (

FI)

Mu

nch

en (

DE

)

Lei

pzi

g (

DE

)

Ko

ben

hav

en (

DK

)

Wie

n (

AT

)

Ou

lu (

FI)

New

cast

le (

UK

)

Am

ster

dam

(N

L)

Sto

ckh

olm

(S

E)

Gla

sgo

w (

UK

)

Par

is (

FR

)

Ber

lin

(D

E)

Tal

lin

n (

EE

)

Mal

mö

(S

E)

Pra

ha

(CZ

)

Du

bli

n (

IE)

Bru

ssel

(B

E)

Lo

nd

on

(U

K)

Bu

dap

est

(HU

)

Lu

xem

bo

urg

(L

U)

Lju

blj

ana

(SL

)

War

szaw

a (P

L)

Bar

celo

na

(ES

)

Lis

bo

a (P

T)

Ro

ma

(IT

)

Mad

rid

(E

S)

Mar

seil

le (

FR

)

Val

etta

(M

T)

Bu

cure

sti

(RO

)

Ath

inia

(E

L)

Lef

kosi

a (C

Y)

Ista

nb

ul

(TR

)

Bia

lyst

ok

(PL

)

An

taly

a (T

R)

An

kara

(T

R)

So

fia

(BG

)

Irak

leio

(E

L)

Bu

rgas

(B

G)

Diy

arb

akir

(T

R)

Rather unsatisfied Not at all satisfied Rather satisfied Very satisfied



The synthetic index (SI)

In order to express the perception in the cities by 1 single figure, a simplified index was calculated:

srespondant allsatisfied) allat not dunsatisfie(rather satisfied)rather satisfied(very

This index is between -1 (all are unsatisfied) and +1 (all are satisfied). To make it more readable, it was multiplied by 50, then 50 added

Hence the SI can have values between 0 and 100. At the value of 50 half are satisfied, half are unsatisfied

Foreigners are well integrated

0

20

40

60

80

100

Mal

mö

Stoc

khol

mBe

rlin

Wie

nG

raz

Dor

tmun

dRo

tter

dam

Athi

naAn

twer

pen

Ham

burg

Esse

nH

elsi

nki

Torin

oLe

fkos

iaKø

benh

avn

Vero

naAm

ster

dam

Paris

Brus

sels

Leip

zig

Aalb

org

Belfa

stM

ünch

enBa

rcel

ona

Mad

ridN

apol

iRo

ma

Bolo

gna

Talli

nnLo

ndon

Lièg

eSt

rasb

ourg

Dub

linM

arse

ille

Fran

kfur

t/O

der

Ost

rava

War

szaw

aD

iyar

baki

rLi

lleLi

sboa

Prah

aBi

ałys

tok

Bord

eaux

Luxe

mbo

urg

Pale

rmo

New

cast

leIs

tanb

ulRi

gaG

lasg

ow

Man

ches

ter

Anka

raZa

greb

Oul

uO

vied

oVi

lniu

sM

álag

aLj

ublja

naBu

cure

sti

Brat

isla

vaG

roni

ngen

Card

iffIr

akle

ioBr

aga

Gda

ńsk

Renn

esVa

llett

aSo

fiaKo

sice

Anta

lya

Buda

pest

Mis

kolc

Krak

ówBu

rgas

Piat

ra N

eam

tCl

uj-N

apoc

a

Foreigners are well integrated(worst and best cases)

0

20

40

60

80

100

Mal

mö

Stoc

khol

m

Ber

lin

Wie

n

Gra

z

Dor

tmun

d

Rot

terd

am

Ath

ina

Ant

wer

pen

Ham

burg

Esse

n

Hel

sink

i

Tori

no

Lefk

osia

Køb

enha

vn

Ver

ona

Am

ster

dam

Par

is

Bru

ssel

s

Buc

ures

ti

Bra

tisl

ava

Gro

ning

en

Car

diff

Irak

leio

Bra

ga

Gda

ńsk

Ren

nes

Val

lett

a

Sofia

Kos

ice

Ant

alya

Bud

apes

t

Mis

kolc

Kra

ków

Bur

gas

Pia

tra

Nea

mt

Clu

j-N

apoc

a

People feel safe in the city

0

20

40

60

80

100

Ista

nbul

Nap

oli

Sofia

Athi

naBu

cure

sti

Diy

arba

kir

Mar

seill

eLi

ège

Ost

rava

Prah

aLi

sboa

Burg

asTa

llinn

Anta

lya

Viln

ius

Brus

sels

Torin

oBr

atis

lava

Riga

Bolo

gna

Buda

pest

Rom

aW

arsz

awa

Mad

ridPa

lerm

oLo

ndon

Kosi

ce Lille

Berli

nG

dańs

kM

alm

öAn

kara

Zagr

ebKr

aków

Antw

erpe

nM

isko

lcM

anch

este

rVa

llett

aBa

rcel

ona

Stra

sbou

rgBi

ałys

tok

Dub

linLe

fkos

iaVe

rona

Irak

leio

Ljub

ljana

Dor

tmun

dEs

sen

Belfa

stFr

ankf

urt/

Od

Mál

aga

Renn

esG

raz

Card

iffLe

ipzi

gG

lasg

ow

Rott

erda

mBo

rdea

uxH

ambu

rgCl

uj-N

apoc

aW

ien

Paris

Stoc

khol

mBr

aga

Luxe

mbo

urg

Amst

erda

mPi

atra

Nea

mt

New

cast

leH

elsi

nki

Mün

chen

Købe

nhav

nG

roni

ngen

Ovi

edo

Oul

uAa

lbor

g

People feel safe in this city(worst and best cases)

0

20

40

60

80

100

Ista

nbul

Nap

oli

Sofia

Ath

ina

Buc

ures

ti

Diy

arba

kir

Mar

seill

e

Lièg

e

Ost

rava

Pra

ha

Lisb

oa

Bur

gas

Talli

nn

Ant

alya

Viln

ius

Bru

ssel

s

Tori

no

Bra

tisl

ava

Rig

a

Leip

zig

Gla

sgow

Rot

terd

am

Bor

deau

x

Ham

burg

Clu

j-N

apoc

a

Wie

n

Par

is

Stoc

khol

m

Bra

ga

Luxe

mbo

urg

Am

ster

dam

Pia

tra

Nea

mt

New

cast

le

Hel

sink

i

Mün

chen

Køb

enha

vn

Gro

ning

en

Ovi

edo

Oul

u

Aal

borg

Correlations:air pollution - noise

R2 = 0.700

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

noise is a big problem

air

polluti

on is

a big

pro

ble

m

Weak correlations:unemployment – easy to find a job

R2 = 0.469

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0 5 10 15 20 25

Unemployment rate (NUTS-3 regions)

it is

easy

to fi

nd a

good job

No correlations:recorded crime – feeling safe

R2 = 0.103

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Recorded crime / population

Peo

ple

fee

l sa

fe



Comparison 2006 to 2004

On average, opinions remained stable from January 2004 to December 2006

There are however some significant changes of opinion in individual cities

For two questions, also the average opinion moved:

“it is easy to find a good job” 32% to 41%

“this is a clean city” 42% to 49%

Thank you for

your attention!

Any questions?

Documents

13-Jul-07 The Urban Audit – a combination of hard facts and a perception survey Dr. Berthold Feldmann Eurostat – the statistical office of the European