122921189 Internship Report

8/12/2019 122921189 Internship Report

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IBM Research Labs IBM IRL,Block 1,IIT,Hauz Khas, New Delhi - 110016

ummer Internship Report

IBM E-Gove!"e!# $o%ec#

Date: 25thJul, 2001

Ashish GuptaB.Tech 4thear!"#puter $cie%ce a%& '%(i%eeri%(IIT Delhi


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')ecuti*e $u##ar+

M& #wo-"o!#h I!'us#ial I!#e!shi( $o)a" wok #e" was wi#h #he IBM Reseach La*s,New Delhi+ I was i!volve' i! #he aea o e-Gove!a!ce 'ui!) "& wok #e", all o whichwill *e ou#li!e' i! #his e(o#+ This e(o# will cove so"e *ack)ou!' i!o"a#io! o! #he(o%ec#s I was i!volve' i!, as well as 'e#ails o! how #he (o%ec#s wee 'evelo(e'+

Thee ae #wo "a%o (o%ec#s #ha# I ha' a si)!iica!# ole i!+

The is# (o%ec# i!volve' )ai!i!) a )oo' u!'es#a!'i!) o a! IBM (o'uc# calle' o!#e!#Ma!a)e+ M& #ask was #o s#u'& i#s ca(a*ili#ies o" #he (oi!# o view o a 'a#a"a!a)e"e!# solu#io! i! #he e-Gov s&s#e"+ M& #ask was #o

.!'es#a!' #he (o'uc#, How #o 'evelo( a((lica#io!s usi!) o!#e!# Ma!a)e, ea#e a (o#o#&(e eGov /((lica#io! o! #o( o i#+

!e o #he i"(o#a!# achieve"e!#s o #his (o%ec# was #he 'evelo("e!# o a !ew$o)a""i!) /$I ove #he o!#e!# Ma!)e $o)a""i!) /$I which (ovi'es "a!&ea#ues a!' su((o#s #he eGov co!ce(# o Mi''lewae2+ The "a%o *e!ei#s o #his /$I

ae3 I# )ea#l& si"(liies #he #ask o 'evelo(i!) a((lica#io!s o! #o( o o!#e!# Ma!a)e+ I# (ovi'es a''i#io!al u!c#io!ali#& i! o!#e!# Ma!a)e, which woul' *e a

e4uie"e!# o eGov (o%ec#+ I# su((o#s a la&ee' achi#ec#ue *& which !ew ca(a*ili#ies ca! *e a''e' #o #he

o!#e!# Ma!a)e /$I *& i"(le"e!#i!) #he e4uie' u!c#io!ali#& as la&es a*ove#he /$

/! a((lica#io! was i!all& 'evelo(e' usi!) #he a*ove /$I #o 'e"o!s#a#e i#s useul!ess+ I#was a (o#o#&(e solu#io! #o a eal lie (o*le" k!ow! as I!!e Li!e $e"i#, which occus i!eas#e! s#a#es o I!'ia like /u!achal $a'esh+

The seco!' (o%ec# was o! 'esi)!i!) a!' i"(le"e!#i!) /u'i# Tails i! Dis#i*u#e'

Da#a*ase E!vio!"e!#s such as #ha# o eGov+ /u'i# Tail ca! *e 'esci*e' as elec#o!icevi'e!ce #ha# ca! *e use' #o #ace #a!sac#io!s #o vei& #hei vali'i#& a!' accuac&+ I#)a#hes 'a#a a*ou# ac#ivi#& i! #he s&s#e" a!' a!al&zes i# #o 'iscove secui#& viola#io!s+I! #his (o%ec# we woke' o! so"e issues e)a'i!) /u'i# Tails i! such a! e!vio!"e!#a!' so"e solu#io!s wee (o(ose'+

I ac4uie' "a!& !ew #ech!ical skills #hou)hou# "& wok #e"+ I ac4uie' !ew k!owle')ei! #he aea o Dis#i*u#e' Da#a*ases+ I also *ushe' u( "& 5isual skills while "aki!)#he o!#e!# Ma!a)e a((lica#io!+ The! I )o# i!#o'uce' #o #he aea o eseach a!' how #oa((oach i#+ Mos# i"(o#a!#l&, #he wok e7(eie!ce was ve& )oo' which i!clu'e' )oo'ellowshi(, coo(ea#ive #ea"wok a!' acce(#i!) es(o!si*ili#ies+

I ou!' #ha# I was well #ai!e' i! ce#ai! aeas #ha# hel(e' "e su*s#a!#iall& i! "& (o%ec#s+

Ma!& (o)a""i!) skills #ha# I use' i! "& (o%ec#s, such as (o)a""i!) s#&le a!''esi)!, wee o!es #ha# I ha' ac4uie' 'ui!) "& s#u'ies i! o"(u#i!) 8cie!ce+This e(o# co!clu'es wi#h "& oveall i"(essio!s o "& wok e7(eie!ce as well as "&o(i!io! o #he I!'us#ial I!#e!shi( $o)a" i! )e!eal+


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TABL' - !T'T$

1 A!/L'DG'M'T$

2 ITRD!TI AD 3'R3I' 4

2.1 IBM and e-Governance Background Information 4

2.2 Introduction 4

2.3 Need for E-governance 4

2.4 Issues in impementing e-governance !

2.! "oution #pproac$ !

2.% &irection of 'esearc$ at I'( !

2.) *ro+ect ,vervie %

2.7.1 Part-I: Content Manager 6

2.7.2 Part-II: Audit Trail on Distributed Database 6

RJ'!T I: !T'T MAAG'R 6

3.1 *ro+ect Background and "cope )

3.2 *ro+ects 'ationae and Goas )

3.3 /ec$nica &etais and #ppica0e Issues

3.3.1 Installing the Product 3.3.2 !nderstanding Content Manager

3.3.3 "#er#ie$ o% the Architecture o% Content Manager

3.3.& 'eatures o% Content Manager ( )rie% *u++ar, 13.3. The )eginners /uide to Content Manager 1

3.3.6 The 0e$ Content Manager API 1

3.3.7 The Inner ine Per+it Alication 12

3.3. 'uture or4 163.3.5 *u++ar, 17

4 RJ'!T 7 II: ADIT TRAIL DI$TRIBT' DATABA$'$ 18

4.1 *ro+ect Background and "cope 1

&.1.1 e/o#ern+ent %ro+ audit trails ersecti#e 1&.1.2 hat is audit trail 1

4.2 *ro+ects 'ationae and Goas 1

4.3 /ec$nica &etais and #ppica0e Issues 2

2


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&.3.1 Architectural choices 2

4.4 'euirements for #udit /rai 21

4.! "oution 22

&..1 8e%erence Architecture o% ATA 2&

4.% 5uture 6ork 2!

4.) "ummar7 2!

5 L'ARIG -RM T9' IT'R$9I RGRAM 25

ALIG M I3'R$IT $/ILL$ 2

6 A'DI!'$ 26

).1 #ppendi8 # 9 'euirements for eGov data management2)

).2 #ppendi8 B 9 "ome uestions regarding :ontent Manager 31

).3 #ppendi8 : 9 "ecurit7 using "mart :ards 32

).4 #ppendi8 & 9 'eference Guide for t$e ne #*I 34

3


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1 Acknowledgements

Dui!) "& su""e i!#e!shi( , #he s#a a# IBM a!' (eso!s )ui'i!) "e wee wee ve&hel(ul a!' e7#e!'e' #hei valua*le )ui'a!ce a!' hel( whe!eve e4uie' o #he (o%ec#swhich I woke' o!+

I a" ve& #ha!kul #o "& )ui'e D+ $+ 5+ Ka"esa" o his i!valua*le )ui'a!ce a!' a'vice'ui!) "& 8u""e I!#e!shi(+

I a" #ha!kul #o 9ai%i# Bha##aca&a o his )ui'a!ce a!' ie!'l& su((o# 'ui!) "& s#a& a#IRL+

I a" also ve& )ea#ul #o .(e!'a 8ha"a : o )ea# coo(ea#io! a!' hel( es(+ i! #he ;!'

(o%ec# a!' "& i!al (ese!#a#io!


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2 Introduction and Overview

2.1 IB and e!"overnance # Background In$ormation

Gove!"e!#s ae ce!#al (la&es i! #he !ew eco!o"&+ The& se# #he cli"a#e o weal#hcea#io!+ The& ca! ac# as a 'ea'e!i!) ha!' o! cha!)e o *e #he ca#al&s# o cea#ivi#&+The& ca! cause eco!o"ic s#a)!a#io!+++o #he& ca! se# a cli"a#e o )ow#h+=

The Di)i#al Eco!o"&

2.2 Introduction

$eo"a!ce o )ove!"e!# aec#s 4uali#& o lie, eco!o"ic )ow#h a!' vo#e *ehavio+ To#ha# e7#e!#, i# is esse!#ial #o s#ea"li!e #he *usi!ess o )ove!a!ce+Tech!olo)& has *ee! a wi'el& use' #ool #o i!cease (o'uc#ivi#& a!' #o e"ovei!eicie!cies i! vaious i!'us#ies i! #he la#e ;0#h ce!#u&+ Howeve, #he *usi!ess o)ove!a!ce has *ee! la#e i! a'o(#i!) #ech!olo)& solu#io!s #o i!cease i#s eicie!c&+The (i"a& easo! o #his a!o"al& is #ha# #hee ae !u"eous #ech!olo)& issues #ha#!ee' #o *e esolve' *eoe a #ue eGove!a!ce solu#io! ca! *e a'o(#e'+

2.3 %eed $or &!governance

E-)ove!a!ce is a #ool #o (ovi'e eicie!# a!' eec#ive )ove!a!ce+ I# i!ceases #heeicie!c& o )ove!a!ce *& (ovi'i!) #a!s(ae!c& a!' accou!#a*ili#& a!' e'uci!) #hecos# o )ove!a!ce+

'

/o#ern+ent /o#ern+entTransactions

Citi9ens

e-/o# solution


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2.4 Issues in implementing e!governance

5aious )ove!"e!#s, i!volve' i! #he #ask o *uil'i!) a e-)ove!a!ce solu#io!, ae aci!) a#hee (o!)e' (o*le"+ The is# is how #o selec# a!' e!#us# a solu#io! (ovi'e #o 'elivea!& (a# o e-)ove!a!ce+ >hile #hee ae !u"eous solu#io! (ovi'es i! #he "ake#, i#a((eas u!likel& #ha# a!& si!)le ve!'o ca! oe #he e!#ie s&s#e"?solu#io!+

The seco!' is #o e!sue #ha# a#e each solu#io! (ovi'e has cea#e' a solu#io!, #hevaious solu#io!s shoul' *e i!#e)a*le a!' shoul' #alk #o each o#he+ 8i!ce each solu#io!(ovi'e "a& use i#s ow! #ech!olo)ies, 'a#a sche"as a!' s#a!'a's, i!#e)a#io! will *e achalle!)e+

The #hi' (o*le" is #o e!coua)e #he 'evelo("e!# o (o#a*le? e(lica*le solu#io!, #ha#ca! *e euse' i! a((lica#io!s o o#he )ove!"e!# a)e!cies, 8#a#es e#c+ The easo!i!)*ehi!' #his is #ha#, %us# as i! *usi!esses, aou!' @A o #he (ocesses ae sa"e acossi"s, wi#hi! #he sa"e i!'us#&, i# is e7(ec#e' #ha# @A o #he (ocesses shoul' *e si"ilaacoss 'iee!# )ove!"e!#s+Thus, i# shoul' *e (ossi*le #o use #he solu#io!s 'evelo(e'o o!e )ove!"e!#, i! a!o#he )ove!"e!#+ Reusi!) #he e-)ove!a!ce asse# acoss

'iee!# )ove!"e!#s ca! su*s#a!#iall& *i!) 'ow! #he cos# o )ove!a!ce+

2.' olution Approach

!e (ossi*le o(#io! o a''essi!) #he a*ove s#a#e' challe!)es is #o a'o(# a "o'el i!which #he solu#io!s #o *e 'evelo(e' a!' 'e(lo&e' ca! a'o(# #o a!& !e#wok #o(olo)&,"ake use o a eusa*le "i''lewae : which ca! i"(ose so"e s#a!'a'iza#io!


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2.+ ,ro-ect Overview

2.+.1 ,art!I /ontent anager

This (a# o #he (o%ec# i!volve' )ai!i!) a )oo' u!'es#a!'i!) o a! IBM (o'uc# calle'o!#e!# Ma!a)e+ M& #ask was #o s#u'& i#s ca(a*ili#ies o" #he (oi!# o view o a 'a#a"a!a)e"e!# solu#io! i! #he e-Gov s&s#e"+ M& #ask was #o

.!'es#a!' #he (o'uc#, How #o 'evelo( a((lica#io!s usi!) o!#e!# Ma!a)e, ea#e a (o#o#&(e eGov /((lica#io! o! #o( o i#+

!e o #he i"(o#a!# achieve"e!#s o #his (o%ec# was #he 'evelo("e!# o a !ew$o)a""i!) /$I ove #he o!#e!# Ma!)e $o)a""i!) /$I, which (ovi'es "a!&ea#ues a!' su((o#s #he eGov co!ce(# o Mi''lewae2+ The "a%o *e!ei#s o #his /$Iae3

I# )ea#l& si"(liies #he #ask o 'evelo(i!) a((lica#io!s o! #o( o o!#e!# Ma!a)e+ I# (ovi'es a''i#io!al u!c#io!ali#& i! o!#e!# Ma!a)e, which woul' *e a

e4uie"e!# o eGov (o%ec#+ I# su((o#s a la&ee' achi#ec#ue *& which !ew ca(a*ili#ies ca! *e a''e' #o #he

o!#e!# Ma!a)e *& i"(le"e!#i!) #he" as la&es a*ove #he /$I+

2.+.2 ,art!II Audit 0rail on )istriuted )ataase

/! elec#o!ic au'i# #ail is a o" o evi'e!ce #ha# ca! *e use' #o #ace #a!sac#io!s #ovei& #hei vali'i#& a!' accuac&+ I# )a#hes 'a#a a*ou# ac#ivi#& i! #he s&s#e" a!' a!al&zeso #he (u(ose o au'i#i!) #he eve!#s *& #he a((lica#io! o! #he 'a#a+ The cue!# (o%ec#ocuses o! #he vaious issues i!volve' i! havi!) a! au'i# #ail "echa!ish" o a'is#i*u#e' achi#ec#ue like #ha# o eGove!"e!# as 'iscusse' a*ove+ I# will 'iscuss #he(lace"e!# o au'i# #ail lo)ic o!ce #he eGov achi#ec#ue is i! (lace a!' #he! o#he issueslike i#s s#oa)e a!' secui#& issues+

+


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3 ,ro-ect ! I /ontent anager

3.1 ,ro-ect Background and cope

eGov is "assive (o%ec# i! which 'a#a "a!a)e"e!# (la&s a vi#al ole+ 8i!ce #he !u"*e oa((lica#io!s u!!i!) o! #he s&s#e" will *e la)e i! !u"*e, 'a#a s#oa)e, e#ieval a!'"a!a)e"e!# will *e a i"(o#a!# issue+ Co #his, a 'a#a "a!a)e"e!# solu#io! is e4uie'which will sui# eGov e4uie"e!#s+ /! IBM (o'uc# calle' o!#e!# Ma!a)e oes o!e(ossi*le solu#io!+

8i!ce #he i!o"a#io! )e!ea#e' *& "os# o #he eGov 'e(a#"e!#s "a& !o# (ossess as#uc#ue' o"a# a!' #hus #hee is a! o*vious !ee' o so"e #ool, which ca! "a!)e #hisu!s#uc#ue' i!o"a#io! i! a eicie!# "a!!e+ o!#e!# Ma!a)e, a! IBM #a'e"ak, oesa scala*le solu#io! o #he sa"e as i# ca! "a!a)e all u!s#uc#ue' i!o"a#io! i! a!eicie!# ashio!+

3.2 ,ro-ects Rationale and "oals

M& )oals e)a'i!) o!#e!# Ma!a)e wee #he ollowi!)3

1+ To I!s#all #he o!#e!# Ma!a)e $o'uc#

;+ To u!'es#a!' #he o!#e!# Ma!a)e (o'uc# a!' i#s (o(e co!i)ua#io! a!' se##i!)s

+ To u!'es#a!' i#s (o)a""i!) I!#eaces a!' how #o 'evelo( a! a((lica#io! o! #o( oi#+

+ To 'evelo( a! /$I o! #o( o #he o!#e!# Ma!a)e /$I which a''s u!c#io!ali#& #oo!#e!# Ma!a)e as (e #he e4uie"e!#s o eGov+

A+ To u!'e#ake a! eGov a((lica#io! a!' 'evelo( i# o! #o( o o!#e!# Ma!a)e

3.3 0echnical )etails and Applicale Issues

3.3.1 Installing the ,roduct

o!#e!# Ma!a)e uses IBM DB; .!ivesal Da#a*ase as a! a'%u!c# #o 'o i#s wok+ IBMDB; .!ivesal Da#a*ase is a! IBM (o'uc# #o #ake cae o #he e!#e(ise 'a#a*ase !ee's+

$io #o i!s#alli!) o!#e!# Ma!a)e, o!e !ee's #o i!s#all Micoso# 5isual a!' IBMDB; .!ivesal Da#a*ase a!' co!i)ue i# (o(el&+ >e ace' so"e (o*le"s i! I!s#alli!)

o!#e!# Ma!a)e a!' #ie' so"e #i"es *eoe )ivi!) u(+ >e ou!' i# #o *e i!co"(a#i*lewi#h DB; vesio! F+1 so we #ie' DB; 5esio! 6+1+ /#e #ha# so"e a''i#io!al co!i)ua#io!is e4uie' i! #he >i!'ows NT e)a'i!) so"e s&s#e" (ivile)es+ o!#e!# Ma!a)e uses#he $er*icesea#ues o >i!'ows NT a!' s#a#s i#s "o'ules as 8evices+ !ce &ou i!s#allo!#e!# Ma!a)e, &ou !ee' #o s#a# #hese sevices #o "ake o!#e!# Ma!a)e u!c#io!alo! #he "achi!e o #ha# (a#icula sessio!+


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3.3.2 nderstanding /ontent anager

++;+1 >ha# is o!#e!# Ma!a)e

8i"(l& (u#, o!#e!# Ma!a)e is a 'ocu"e!# "a!a)e"e!# a((lica#io!, (ovi'i!) "a!&so(his#ica#e' ea#ues a!' easil& a'a(#a*le #o a !e#wok solu#io! o 'a#a access+

I# ca! hel( &ou "a7i"ize #he value o &ou i!o"a#io! a!' "ul#i"e'ia asse#s+ Re)a'lesso #he #&(e o 'a#a :#e7# 'ocu"e!#s, sca!!e' i"a)es, au'io, vi'eo, o"s a!& *i!a&o*%ec#


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The co!#e!# "a!a)e co!sis#s o a clie!#, li*a& seve a!' "ul#i(le o*%ec# seves+ Thea*ove i)ue shows #he achi#ec#ue o a #&(ical o!#e!# Ma!a)e i"(le"e!#a#io!+ I#co!sis#s o3

+++1 lie!#

This is #he e!' use who will *e accessi!) #he 'a#a s#oe' i! #he o!#e!# Ma!a)ei"(le"e!#a#io! usi!) Li*a& 8eves a!' *%ec# 8eves+ No#e #ha# #he clie!#co""u!ica#es wi#h *o#h Li*a& 8eve as well as #he *%ec# 8eves+The co!!ec#io! *e#wee! #he clie!# a!' #he o*%ec# seves has hi)h *a!'wi'#h asco"(ae' #o #he co!!ec#io! *e#wee! #he clie!# a!' #he Li*a& 8eve+ This will *eco"eclea i! #he ollowi!) sec#io!s+

+++; Li*a& 8eve

Li*a& seve, "a!a)es #he o!#e!# Ma!a)e ca#alo) i!o"a#io!, loca#es s#oe' o*%ec#susi!) a vaie#& o seach #ech!olo)ies, (ovi'es secue access #o #he o*%ec#s i! #hecollec#io!, a!' co""u!ica#es wi#h #he o*%ec# seves+ / o!#e!# Ma!a)e s&s#e" e4uieso!e li*a& seve, which ca! u! o! >i!'ows NT:Ri!'ows ;000, /I, o 8?0:Ri!'ows NT, >i!'ows ;000, o 8?0+

/ 'a#a*ase o! #he o*%ec# seve co!#ai!s 'a#a a*ou# #he e7ac# loca#io! o each o*%ec#+ The'a#a*ase ca! *e ei#he DB;:R


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8e(aa#io! o clie!# a((lica#io!s, i!'e7es, a!' 'a#a "akes a((lica#io!s i!'e(e!'e!# o #he'a#aJs loca#io! o! #he seves+

The o(e! achi#ec#ue allows #he i!#e"i7i!) o a''i#io!al o*%ec# seves o! #he sa"e o'iee!# o(ea#i!) s&s#e"s a!' su((o#s scali!) o" o!e o(ea#i!) e!vio!"e!# #oa!o#he, as )ow#h e4uies a#e i"(le"e!#a#io!+

3.3.4 7eatures o$ /ontent anager # Brie$ Summar8

Le#s &ou s#oe co!#e!# e)a'less o o"a#+: .!s#uc#ue' 'a#a


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e+)+

CSimpleCMAPI newsession; // declare a new object

Newsession.login(login_id,login_password); // login

start performing operations

8(ee's u( /((lica#io! Develo("e!# Ti"e8i!ce, #he !ew /$I e4uies "uch less #i"e #o lea! a!' co'i!) , !ew a((lica#io!sca! *e 'evelo(e' ve& 4uickl&+E+)+ The is# a((lica#io! i!clu'i!) wi#i!) #he /$I #ook us -A 'a&s #o i!ish+/#ewi#i!) #he /$I , we 'evelo(e' a!o#he a((lica#io! o si"ila !a#ue i! %us# -A hswhich is a si)!iica!# i"(ove"e!#+

E7#e!si*ili#&3 /c#s like a !ew la&e o! #o( o M8i!ce #he !ew /$I is wi##e! o! #he #o( o o!#e!# Ma!a)e /$I, a''i#io!alu!c#io!ali#& ca! *e easil& a''e' #o #he /$I #o (ovi'e !ew ea#ues+

New la&es like us#o" /ccess o!#ol, /u'i# La&e ca! *e a''e'

8o"e e4uie"e!#s o a((lica#io!s like #hose i! eGov "a& !o# *e co"(le#el& o(a#iall& ulille' *& o!#e!# Ma!a)e+ To #ake cae o #hese e4uie"e!#s, o!e ca!si"(l& i"(le"e!# #he u!c#io!ali#& e4uie' i! a !ew la&e o! #o( o ou /$I esul#i!) i!a''i#io!al u!c#io!ali#&+ : 8ee #he i)ue *elow a+leE/oogle *earch =ngine and the =IP $hich connects to #arious reositories o% data and

gathers uer, results %ro+ the+.

/oogle also needs to inde> a #ast a+ount o% in%or+ation and ro#ides uic4 results.

It +a, ha#e a distributed librar, ser#er solution in $hich the uer, is sent to +ultile

search ser#ersE $hich all search in arallel and reort to the uer, ser#er $hate#er the,%ind.

36

Ite+ consisting o% +ultile

obects

8eacha*le /##i*u#es s#oe' o! Li*a& 8eve

I#e" s#oe' o! #he *%ec# 8eve


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31

Mul#i(le Li*a& : 8each < seves

Oue& 8eve


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+.2 Appendi= B ome s all">e& i% a!"%te%t Ma%a(er table ;"r

a% i%&e) class?

;+ a! a Li*a& 8eve *e e(lica#e' Dis#i*u#e' Li*a& 8evesDei!e' ; li*a& seves L1 a!' L;, ; *%ec# seves 1 ;+ 1 ; wasli!ke' #o *o#h L1 L;+ The clie!# coul' !o# lo) #o L; eo was #how!a! ; li*a& seves shae a! *%ec# seve

M su((o#s "ul#i(le L8*u# a si!)le clie!# ca!!o#access "ul#i(le L8 B.T'oes i# su((o# 'is#i*u#e'L8 i! a si!)lei"(le"e!#a#io!

+ How ca! we s(a! si"ila class o 'a#a acoss "ul#i(le o*%ec# seves :#heow!e a((lica#io!, access co!#ol, (olicies a!' secui#& o #he class o 'a#a issa"eoklow i!#e)a#e' wi#h M

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+.3 Appendi= / ecurit8 using mart /ards

$#art !ar& Tech%"l"(+

$i#ilar t" a cre&it car&, a s#art car& st"res i%;"r#ati"% "% a% i%te(rate& #icr"pr"cess"r chipl"cate& >ithi% it.

8"a# ca's ae secue, co"(ac# a!' i!#elli)e!# 'a#a caies+Thou)h #he& lack scee!s a!' ke&*oa's, s"a# ca's shoul'*e e)a'e' as s(ecialize' co"(u#es ca(a*le o (ocessi!),s#oi!) a!' sae)ua'i!) #housa!'s o *es o 'a#a+ 8i"ila i!size a!' sha(e #o (las#ic ce'i# ca's, s"a# ca's wi#helec#ical co!#ac#s have a #hi! "e#allic (la#e %us# a*ove ce!#eli!e o! o!e si'e o #he ca'+ Be!ea#h #his 'i"e-size' (la#e isa! i!#e)a#e' cicui# :I< chi( co!#ai!i!) a ce!#al (ocessi!)u!i# :$.a+ "; e%suri%( secure access t" "pe%i%teracti*e s+ste#s, such as e%cr+pti"% =e+ #"bilit+, secure si%(le si(%"%s a%&electr"%ic &i(ital si(%atures.

The !e#wok co+uting and cellular telehone industries use s+art cards to authenticate

users in ne$ s,ste+s that'e"a!' #he u#"os# i! secui#&+

9"> is a chip car& &i;;ere%t ;r"# the #a(%etic stripe car& that I carr+ i% #+ >allet?

E7is#i!) "a)!e#ic s#i(e ca's have li"i#e' ca(aci#ies #o ca& i!o"a#io!+ / s"a# ca' caies"oe i!o"a#io! #ha! ca! *e acco""o'a#e' o! a "a)!e#ic s#i(e ca'+ I# ca! "ake a 'ecisio!,as i# has ela#ivel& (oweul (ocessi!) ca(a*ili#ies #ha# allow i# #o 'o "oe #ha! a "a)!e#ic s#i(eca' :e+)+, 'a#a e!c&(#io!


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9"> secure a%& c"%;i&e%tial are s#art car&s?8"a# ca's ac#uall& oe "oe secui#& a!' co!i'e!#iali#& #ha! o#he i!a!cial i!o"a#io! o#a!sac#io! s#oa)e vehicles+ / s"a# ca' is a sae (lace #o s#oe valua*le i!o"a#io! such as(iva#e ke&s, accou!# !u"*es, (asswo's, o valua*le (eso!al i!o"a#io!+ ItCs als" a secureplace t" per;"r# pr"cesses that "%e &"es%Ct >a%t e)p"se& t" the >"rl&, ;"r e)a#ple,per;"r#i%( a public =e+ "r pri*ate =e+ e%cr+pti"%+

hi( ca's have co"(u#a#io!al (owe #o (ovi'e )ea#e secui#&, allowi!) veiica#io! o #heca'hol'e+ E!#ei!) a $IN is o!e "e#ho' o veiica#io!+ The *e!ei# o #he s"a# ca' is #ha# &ouca! vei& #he $IN secuel&, o-li!e+

# possi0e appication for smart cards

8u((ose &ou 'ive lice!se wee caie' o! a s"a# ca'+ The o!# a!' *ack woul' look as #he&'o !owQ(ho#o a!' 'e"o)a(hic i!o"a#io! o! o!e si'e, !o#a#io!s a!' co'es i! e7cucia#i!)li!& (i!# o! #he o#he+ u#wa'l&, !o 'iee!ce+ I!si'e /!o#he "a##e e!#iel&+

The "icochi( i!si'e &ou s"a# ca' woul' ca& !a"e, a''ess a!' (h&sical 'esci(#io! i#

coul' hol' &ou (ho#o)a(hic like!essQco"(esse' a!' 'i)i#ize'Qa!', (eha(s, a i!)e(i!# oo#he *io"e#ic "easue"e!# #ha# is u!i4uel& &ous+ Moeove, a! e!c&(#io! al)oi#h" a!'sece# ke& *uil# i!#o #he "icochi( woul' (o#ec# all #ha# 'a#a+

Bu# 'o!J# s#o( #hee+ Thi!k o #he (a(e-la'e! (ocess o selli!) #he a"il& ca o #he co"(le7'ocu"e!#a#io! co""ecial vehicles e4uie+ Now, i"a)i!e all #ha# (a(e #a!so"e' i!#o

elec#o!ic *es s#oe' i! a vehicle s"a# ca'+

8o"e 4ues#io!s

1+ Is i# (ossi*le #o s#oe a (ho#o)a(h o #he (eso! i!si'e #he s"a# ca', which "a& *e e4uie'

i! #he I!!e Li!e $e"i# /((lica#io!

Li!ks

h##(3??ho"e+hks#a+co"?ala!cha!?(a(es?s"a#a'8ecui#&?

/ )oo' a#icle e)a'i!) secui#& issues i! 8"a#a' #ech!olo)&+ /lso looks a#as&""e#ic c&(#o)a(hic al)oi#h"s o (eso!al au#he!#ica#io! *& )ove!"e!# au#hoi#ies+

h##(3??!#)+cs+#c'+ie?"e(eice?$o%ec#?hau"?ca'co"+h#"l

Looks a# vaious #&(es o ca's a!' #hei co"(aiso!s+

34
http://home.hkstar.com/~alanchan/papers/smartCardSecurity/http://ntrg.cs.tcd.ie/mepeirce/Project/Chaum/cardcom.htmlhttp://home.hkstar.com/~alanchan/papers/smartCardSecurity/http://ntrg.cs.tcd.ie/mepeirce/Project/Chaum/cardcom.html


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+.4 Appendi= ) Re$erence "uide $or the new A,I

I%sertIte# I%sert)

-"r#at

I%sertIte# Inde"Class, #o$fAttrib, Attrib%ist,Attrib&alue%ist, #o$f'arts, 'art%ist,Ite!ID)

urp"se

The I%sertIte#/$I cea#es a! i#e" i! #he i!'e7 class &ou s(eci&+ Sou "us# s(eci& a!&e4uie' a##i*u#es o #ha# i!'e7 class+ Sou "us# also s(eci& #he (a#s:o*%ec#s< o #he i#e",which &ou wa!# #o cea#e+

ara#eters

Inde"Class

cha - i!(u#I!'e7class !a"e i! which &ou wa!# #o cea#e a! i#e"+

#o$fAttrib

i!# i!(u#The !u"*e o a##i*u#es i! #he Attrib%ist+

Attrib%ist

cha i!(u#The !a"e o #he a##i*u#es o #he i!'e7class+ >he! &ou cea#e a! i#e" &ou "us# s(ecihe a##i*u#es o i!'e7class i!Attrib%ist+

Attrib&alue%ist

cha - i!(u#The value o #he a##i*u#es+ >he! &ou cea#e a! i#e" &ou "us# s(eci& #he value o #hea##i*u#es i!Attrib&alue%ist+

#o$f'arts

i!# i!(u#The !u"*e o (a#s i! #he 'art%ist.

'art%ist

cha - i!(u#This lis# co!#ai!s #he vaious (a#s o #he i#e"s+ Each e!#& i! #he 'art%ist is a ile!a"e+

Retur%3alues

! successul co"(le#io!, #his u!c#io! e#u!s zeo a!' value o cea#e' i#e" i' ise#u!e' i! Ite!ID.

3'


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$earchIte#s :$earchstarts the >"r=;l">

-"r#at

$tart"r=-l">:+or-low#a!e, Ite!ID)

urp"se

42


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.se #he $tart"r=-l">/$I #o s#a# #he woklow "ea!s (u# #he )ive! i#e" i! #he is#wok*aske# o #he woklow+

ara#eters

+or-low#a!e

cha - i!(u#The !a"e o #he woklow which &ou wa!# #o s#a#+

Ite!ID

ITEMID - i!(u#The i'e!#iie o a! i#e" which &ou wa!# #o (u# i! #he woklow+ This i'e!#iie is #hei#e" ID+

Retur%3alues

! successul co"(le#io!, #his u!c#io! e#u!s zeo+

R"uteipIte#R"ute the ite#

-"r#at

R"uteipIte#:Ite!ID, #e"t+ID)

urp"se

.se #he R"uteipIte#/$I #o "ove a! i#e" o" #he wok*aske# wheei# cue!#l& esi'es #o #he wok*aske# &ou s(eci&+ Sou ca! "ove #he i#e" #o a!&o#he wok*aske# i! #he ou#i!) lis# o i#s assi)!e' woklow, o #o a wok*aske#

#ha# is !o# i! #he woklow+ Sou ca! also use #his u!c#io! #o "ove a! i#e" #ha# is!o# i! a woklow, a!' ca! "ove #ha# i#e" #o a!& wok*aske#+

ara#eters

Ite!ID

ITEMID - i!(u#The i'e!#iie o a! i#e" &ou wa!# "ove+ This i'e!#iie is #he i#e" ID++

#e"t+ID

ITEMID - ou#(u#The i'e!#iie o a! wok*aske# i! which &ou wa!# #o "ove #he i#e"+ This i'e!#iie is#he i#e" ID+

Retur% 3alues

! successul co"(le#io!, #his u!c#io! e#u!s zeo+

43


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-i%&B-"rIte#-i%& ut >hich "r=bas=et a% Ite# Is i%

-"r#at

-i%&B-"rIte#:Ite!ID, +oraset#a!e)

urp"se

.se #he -i%&B-"rIte#/$I #o e#u! i!o"a#io! a*ou# #he wok*aske# a! i#e" is i!+

ara#eters

Ite!ID

ITEMID - i!(u#The i'e!#iie o a! i#e" o which &ou wa!# #o )e# #he i!o"a#io!+ This i'e!#iie is #hei#e" ID++

+oraset#a!e

cha - ou#(u#The !a"e o #he wok*aske# i! which #he )ive i#e" esi'es+

Retur% 3alues

! successul co"(le#io!, #his u!c#io! e#u!s zeo+The wok*aske# !a"e is e#u!e'i! +oraset#a!e.

GetBa#eGet the >"r=ba=set %a#e

-"r#at

GetBa#e:+orasetID, +oraset#a!e)

urp"se

.se #he GetBa#e/$I #o )e# #he !a"e o #he wok*aske#+

ara#eters

+orasetID

ITEMID - i!(u#The i'e!#iie o wok*aske# o which &ou wa!# #o )e# #he wok*akse# !a"e+ Thisi'e!#iie is #he wok*aske# ID++

+oraset#a!e

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cha - ou#(u#The !a"e o #he wok*aske#+

Retur%3alues

! successul co"(le#io!, #his u!c#io! e#u!s zeo+The wok*aske# !a"e is e#u!e'i! +oraset#a!e.

Gete)tB-"rIte# Get the %e)t >"r=ba=set i% >"r=;l">

-"r#at

Gete)tB-"rIte# :Ite!ID, +orasetID)

urp"se

.se #he Gete)tB-"rIte#/$I #o )e# #he ID o #he !e7# wok*aske# i! woklow o a

)ive! i#e"+

ara#eters

Ite!ID

ITEMID - i!(u#The i'e!#iie o i#e" o which &ou wa!# #o )e# #he ID o #he !e7# wok*akse# + Thisi'e!#iie is #he i#e" ID++

+orasetID

ITEMID - ou#(u#The i'e!#iie o #he wok*aske#+

Retur% 3alues

! successul co"(le#io!, #his u!c#io! e#u!s zeo+The ID o #he !e7# wok*aske#!a"e is e#u!e' i! +orasetID.

Get"r=-l">ID Get the >"r=;l"> ID

-"r#at

Get"r=-l">ID:+or-low#a!e, +or-lowID)

urp"se

.se #he Get"r=-l">ID/$I #o )e# #he ID o #he woklow+

ara#eters

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+or-low#a!e

cha - i!(u#The !a"e o #he woklow o which &ou wa!# #o )e# #he +or-lowID.+

+or-lowID

ITEMID - ou#(u#The i'e!#iie o woklow+ This i'e!#iie is #he woklow ID++

Retur% 3alues

! successul co"(le#io!, #his u!c#io! e#u!s zeo+The woklow ID is e#u!e' i!+or-lowID.

Get"r=Bas=etID Get the >"r=bas=et ID-"r#at

Get"r=Bas=etID:+oraset#a!e, +orasetID)

urp"se

.se #he Get"r=Bas=etID/$I #o )e# #he ID o #he wok*aske#+

ara#eters

+oraset#a!e

cha - i!(u#The !a"e o #he wok*aske# o which &ou wa!# #o )e# #he +orasetID.+

+orasetID

ITEMID - ou#(u#The i'e!#iie o wok*aske#+ This i'e!#iie is #he wok*aske# ID++

Retur% 3alues

! successul co"(le#io!, #his u!c#io! e#u!s zeo+The wokBaske# ID is e#u!e' i!

+orasetID.

4(


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