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12/22/2014
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Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and TranslationActivity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
How does a cell make proteins
with the information from DNA?
EQ
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Get
Started
Think of a corn cell that is genetically
modified to contain the Bt gene and a
corn cell that is not modified.◦ In what ways are the cells similar?
◦ In what ways are the cells different?
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Get
Started
What is the relationship between DNA
and proteins in a cell?
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Introduction
Protein synthesis is the process in which
a cell makes a protein. It has two phases.
Transcription is the first phase, where
DNA is used to make mRNA.
Translation is the second phase, where
the mRNA is used to make a protein.
Read the introduction.
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Procedure
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Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Procedure
As you view the simulation, be sure to
correct the order of the Transcription and
Translation cards, as needed.
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Procedure
D, F, E, J, A, H, B, G, C, I
Tape/staple/glue the copies of the cards
into your journal and follow procedure
step #9.
The correct card order is:
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
This is a cell with DNA in its nucleus.
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
The mRNA molecule leaves the nucleus and travels to a ribosome
in the cytoplasm of the cell, where it will begin the translation
process.
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Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
tRNA molecules bind to the mRNA-ribosome complex according to
the information on contained in the codons in the mRNA molecule.
Specific tRNAs bind to each codon, and carry an amino acid.
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
The amino acid chain continues to grow as the mRNA
continues to move along the ribosome, matching the
tRNA molecule and bringing new amino acids.
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Complementary RNA nucleotides match with the DNA
bases. The nitrogenous base uracil replaces thymine.
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Transcription
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Translation
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Central Dogma
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Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Codon - Set of 3 nucleotides
on mRNA that codes for an
amino acid
Mutations – changes in the
sequence of nucleotides in the
DNA.
Part B: Mutations
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Video – Mismatch Repair
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Key
Vocabulary
Insertion – add a nucleotide
Deletion – remove a nucleotide
Substitution – change a nucleotide
Three base insertion – 3 nucleotides are added or
deleted.
Types of Mutations
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Procedure Step #10
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Codon Chart
The “Codon
Chart” at the right
shows you how to
determine which
amino acid goes
with which m-RNA
codon sequence.
To decode a
codon, start with
the First Base,
then the Second
Base, and finally
the Third Base.
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Codon Chart
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Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Codon Chart
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Sickle Cell Anemia is caused by a
substitution mutation
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Why is it possible for mutations to be neutral?
Discuss and Respond in your Journal
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Procedure
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Follow Up
Scientists fix genes so they produce the
correct protein
Gene Therapy
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Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Gene Therapy Restores Boy’s Sight
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Hemophilia Gene Therapy Breakthrough
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Follow Up
Define protein synthesis and describe how
it works.
Analysis 1
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Follow Up
5’ TACTCGGCATTGTGA 3’
Analysis 2
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Follow Up
Predict the results of a two-base insertion
or deletion to a strand of DNA that codes
for a protein. How is this different from a
three-base insertion or deletion?
Analysis 3
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Follow Up
One night while watching TV you hear a
newscaster say, “DNA mutations cause
damaged proteins.” Based on your work in
Part B, how would you respond to this
claim?
Analysis 4
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Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Follow Up
Describe the relationship between gene
therapy and protein synthesis.
Analysis 5
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
3 molecules in central dogma
flowchart
2 processes involved in protein
synthesis
1 reason why mutations may
not change a protein
Check In
Summary
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
Activity 16: Protein Synthesis:
Transcription and Translation
amino acid
DNA
mRNA
mutation
protein
protein
synthesis
replication
RNA
transcription
translation
Key
Vocabulary
![bAcids Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic - UMEXPERT · Role of Initiator tRNA i met in Fidelity of Initiation of Protein Synthesis 727 (aa-tRNA) ternary complex.[1] The tRNA binding](https://img.pdfslide.us/doc/110x75/5c25d16309d3f28d198c11f7/bacids-nucleosides-nucleotides-and-nucleic-umexpert-role-of-initiator-trna.jpg)
