121014 Atmoshpere-book Nw

7/30/2019 121014 Atmoshpere-book Nw

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CONTENT

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

CHAPTER ONE: RESEARCH PHASE

COMPARISON BETWEEN CITIES

EMISSION FACTORS

SPREADING

SEASON AIR POLLUTION

HEALTH ISSUE

CHAPTER TWO: FORMAL INVESTIGATION

GRIDDING

AIR POLLUTION EXPOSURE DIAGRAM

PLANTS NEEDED TO REDUCE INDOOR POLLUTION

TREES NEEDED TO REDUCE OUTDOOR POLLUTION

AREA AVALIABLE FOR PLANTING

NEW BRIGHTON

NORTHWOOD

WIGRAM

ILAM

CHAPTER THREE: SITE AND PROGRAM

CHOSEN LOCATION

EXISTING CONDITION OF THE AREA

PROPOSED PLAN

SPECIFIC LOCATION

PROGRAM DECISION

POSSIBLE MATERIAL

CHAPTER FOUR: DESIGN PROPOSAL

GRADIENT

SITE PLANNING

GENERATING HOUSE FORM

FLOOR PLANS AND SECTIONS

ELEVATION

DETAIL

MATERIAL USED

INTERIOR SPACE

FINAL SHOT

03

04 - 09

05

06

07

08

09

10 - 19

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20 - 32

21

22-23

24-25

26-27

28-30

31-32

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35-37

38

39-46

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48-49

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TITLE PAGE NO.


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PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Out of all the cities in New Zealand, Christchurch has the worst air quality; the air pollution level is extremely high compared to other cities. High pollution levels are the cause of many problems, people can suffer from

cancer, disease, and there are a large number of deaths caused this every year. There are several reasons behind this, geographically Christchurch is guarded by the Port Hills, which prevent smog dispersal, and trap the

air pollution produced by heating. The earthquakes have only added to the problem due to the ongoing demolition there are a hight number of particulates let thrown into the atmosphere. Unfortunatly the city previously

known as the garden city can now be called the polluted city.

Given that the air quality is a serious issue, I started my investigation by looking into methods that can be used to reduce the pollution level. The best way to achieve this is to plant trees as well as outdoor and indoor plants,

hence reducing the indoor and outdoor pollution at the same time. I found out that planting Willow trees are the best to reduce the outdoor air pollution level, so I divided Christchurch into 50sqm and then I calculate how

many trees are needed per grid. I found a total number of 60,000 Willow trees would be needed to reduce the pollution to acceptable level.

For my design, I proposed a tree farm integrated with housings. The site is within the Green Frame (refer to the CCDUs master plan). The master plan leave the Green Frame unspecied hence it would be a perfect site

to integrate a tree farm and housing. The trees are transplanted t o other locations once they mature. The purpose behind integrating housing into the tree farm is to bring workers back to the city so as to reduce their co

mute and reduce the overall emmissions. The integration of the tree farm and the housing I belive will make Christchurch a garden city.

FINAL DESIGN RENDER IN RELATION TO GROUP MEMBERS DESIGN


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I started off doing research is about air pollution, what is causing the problem, how dangerous it is, how is

Christchurchs pollution level compared with other cities and why, diagrams to show season changes, main factors.

And also the proposal ideas on how to solve the problem. Attempt to explore in detail, starting with a brief descrip-

tion and then into more detailed and complex theories and diagrams telling the readers how bad the air quality is in

Christchurch, arguing with the rumours that Christchurch is said to be the Garden City.


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AIR QUALITY - COMPARISON BETWEEN SOUTH ISLAND CITIES

AIR QUALITY MAP COMPARISON

DESCRIPTION OF AIR POLLUTION

Air quality incidents reported to Environment Canterburys Pollution Hotline most

commonly relate to agricultural or industrial odour as well as smoke from domestic

and outdoor res. However, air quality incidents reported also relate to a wide range

of other issues such as dust from construction sites or quarries, particulates from

abrasive blasting, and other emissions from industrial premises.

Seventy-three per cent of the complaints received by the pollution hotline this quarter

were related to air quality (1192 complaints). Christchurch City had the highest num-

ber of complaints (907 complaints) which is due to Environment Canterbury enforc-

ing the air plan rules relating to domestic chimneys.


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AIR QUALITY - EMISSION FACTOR

SOURCE OF AIR POLLUTION IN CHRISTCHURCH

The Port Hills (to the south-east of the city) act as a natural barrier that prevents the

smogs dispersal. In the winter months, smog becomes trapped down at the street

level underneath a layer of warmer air (inversion layer). The climate of the area plays a

part in the problem too. The average temperature in winter is just 12C meaning most

homes will end up using some form of heating. Wood burners are the cheapest way for

most to heat their homes but are also the main cause of the citys air quality problems.

Burning wood (particularly moist wood) emits PM10 particulate into the atmosphere.Older res, particularly those installed before 2000 (over 20,000 of which are still left in

Christchurch), burn less efciently emitting higher quantities of PM10. Eighty percent

of Christchurchs winter air pollution comes from wood or coal burners and open res,

while the remaining twenty percent is made up of vehicle emissions and industry.

Windy conditions allow pollution

to disperse and consequently

have a far smaller impact. On

the other hand, features such as

valleys and hills cause pollution

to linger, combine and conse-

quently intensify enhancing the

effects. On top of this, during cold

still conditions (generally through

the winter months) temperature

inversions occur that trap smog

at street level beneath a layer of

warmer air. Therefore, at times

pollution can be worse in a partic-

ular year because of the weather

conditions alone, rather than as a

result of increased rates of pol-

lution. Conversely, a windy year

with few temperature inversionsmay show fewer pollution epi-

sodes regardless of any changes

in pollution emitted.

NORMAL PATTERN

THERMAL INVERSION


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AIR QUALITY - SPREADING

ANNUAL PM10 EXPOSURE MAP

NO. OF HOUSEHOLDS THAT BURN WOOD TO HEAT THEIR HOMES PER KM2

DOMESTIC HOME HEATING EMISSION FACTORS

The two diagram above shows the appliance and household wood usage, we can see in the city

central, there is a large number of usage and its gets less at the outer side of the city. This spreadshows the air pollution is very serious in the city central because of the large amount of household,

its gets better at the outer side only because there isnt as much houses as the city central.

The concept of pollution exposure is fundamental to studies looking at impacts of the envi-

ronment and health. A large amount of work has been carried out rening the air pollutionexposure estimates for the population of Christchurch.

*PM10: Particle pollution (also known as particulate matter) in the air includes a mixture of solids and liquid

droplets. Some particles are emitted directly; others are formed in the atmosphere when other pollutants re-

act. Particles come in a wide range of sizes. Those less than 10 micrometers in diameter (PM10) are so small

that they can get into the lungs, potentially causing serious health problems.


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AIR QUALITY - SEASONAL AIR POLLUTION

HOURLY PM10 CONCENTRATION BY SEASON

HOURLY NO2 CONCENTRATION BY SEASON

HOURLY COCONCENTRATION BY SEASON

The ratio between winter and summer value is greatest for PM10 and lowest for NO2. The

three pollutants are closely correlated, especially PM10 and CO, due to the dominating

inuence of meteorology on daily variations. However, differences within a geographic area

will occur depending on the emissions from different sources.

DAILY DOMESTIC EMMISION DAILY VECHILE EMMISION

DAILY INDUSTRY EMMISION TOTAL DAILY EMMISION


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AIR QUALITY - HEALTH ISSUE


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In this formal investigation I started from dividing Christchurch into 50 metre sq cubes, diagraming each areas

PM^10 level. The result tells us that there are more pollution in the city centre and gets less and less at the outer

circle of Christchurch. Then I calculated how much trees are needed to reduce the pollution to an acceptable level,

which came up with an huge amount of 60,000. Diagrams are made for this calculation and also for the interior

plant needed to reduce indoor pollution. Then I divided Christchurch into Suburbs and looked at the potential plant-

ing area in each suburb, attempting to create forms out of the mapping.


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FORMAL INVESTIGATION - GRIDDING

DIVIDING CHRSITCHURCH INTO 50M SQ GRIDS

50

50

Size of each grid: 50M sq

Will be calculating the pollution level within each grid, and how many

plants needed each grid to reduce to an acceptable pollution level.


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FORMAL INVESTIGATION - AIR POLLUTION EXPOSURE DIAGRAM


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FORMAL INVESTIGATION - PLANTS NEEDED TO REDUCE INDOOR POLLUTION


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FORMAL INVESTIGATION - TREES NEEDED TO REDUCE OUTDOOR POLLUTION TO ACCEPTABLE LEVEL

Christchurch total area: 1426km sq

high polluted area needs 10 trees per 50 sq m.

medium to high areas needs 7 trees per 50 sq

m.

fairly low areas needs 4 trees per 50 sq m.

low areas needs 1 tree per 50 sq m.

total trees needed to reduce christchurch pollu-

tion: approximately 60,000 trees.


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FORMAL INVESTIGATION - AVALIABLE PLANTING AREA IN NEW BRIGHTON


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FORMAL INVESTIGATION - AVALIABLE PLANTING AREA IN NORTHWOOD


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FORMAL INVESTIGATION - AVALIABLE PLANTING AREA IN WIGRAM


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FORMAL INVESTIGATION - AVALIABLE PLANTING AREA IN ILAM


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I chosen my site around the outer frame near christchurch centre, and which this area was proposed a rebuild from

the CCDU changing the area into green zones and construct health centre. For my site and program, i decided to

use this proposal but put in a few changes, the CCDUs master plan has carefully planned and specied each bui -

ilding, but however leaving the green zones unspecied. So therefore I have decided to build a tree farm integrated

with housings in those areas, which refers back to my research and investigation of air pollution, and solution to

bring back the old garden city.


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SITE AND PROGRAM - CHOSEN LOCATION


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SITE AND PROGRAM - EXISTING CONDITION OF THE AREA


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SITE AND PROGRAM - EXISTING AREA ANALYSIS


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SITE AND PROGRAM - SITE MEASUREMENT AND THE CCDU PROPOSED PLAN


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SITE AND PROGRAM - CCDU PLAN ANALYSIS


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SITE AND PROGRAM - SPECIFIC LOCATION

Working with the other two Atmosphere

team member, we decided to choose

this site for our program, it is the start

of the frame, and it is closest to the

health precinct. We want it to be close

because their program is a research

campus and UV Spa, and mine is a

tree farm, including a greenhouse and

housing. These three program all relate

to health in different ways hence this

choosing this site would be our nal

decision.

But however the CCDUs proposed

master plan, to us it is not interesting

enough, and the circulation is not so

smooth, so we decided to redevelop themaster plan before moving on into our

design.


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SITE AND PROGRAM - REDEVELOPING THE CCDU MASTER PLAN

Existing Hospital

Sport Facilities

Residential & Mix

City Frame

Cricket Court

City Central & Business

Hospital Related

Sport Related

Residential & Mix Related

Frame Maintaince Related

Field Related

Business Related

Lost

FINAL PLAN

MAPPING CREATING PATHS


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SITE AND PROGRAM - PROGRAM DECISION


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SITE AND PROGRAM - PROGRAM DECISION

Greenhouses allow for greater control over the growing environment of plants. Depending upon the

technical specication of a greenhouse, key factors which may be controlled include temperature, levels

of light and shade, irrigation, fertilizer application, and atmospheric humidity. Greenhouses may be used

to overcome shortcomings in the growing qualities of a piece of land, such as a short growing season or

poor light levels, and they can thereby improve food production in marginal environments.

As greenhouses may enable certain crops to be grown throughout the year, greenhouses are increas-

ingly important in the food supply of high latitude countries.

Greenhouses are often used for growing owers, vegetables, fruits, and transplants. Special green-

house varieties of certain crops, such as tomatoes, are generally used for commercial production. Many

vegetables and owers can be grown in greenhouses in late winter and early spring, and then trans-

planted outside as the weather warms. Bumblebees are the pollinators of choice for most greenhouse

pollination,[citation needed] although other types of bees have been used, as well as articial pollination.

Hydroponics can be used in greenhouses, to make the most use of the interior space.

The relatively closed environment of a greenhouse has its own unique management requirements,

compared with outdoor production. Pests and diseases, and extremes of heat and humidity, have to be

controlled, and irrigation is necessary to provide water. Most greenhouses use sprinklers or drip lines.

Signicant inputs of heat and light may be required, particularly with winter production of warm-weather

vegetables.

GREENHOUSE DESCRIPTION AND WHY IS IT NEEDED


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SITE AND PROGRAM - POSSIBLE MATERIAL / PLANTS USE


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SITE AND PROGRAM - POSSIBLE MATERIAL / PLANTS USE


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SITE AND PROGRAM - PROGRAM DECISION / TARGET OCCUPATION FOR HOUSING


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For my design, I proposed a tree farm integrated with housings. The site is within the Green Frame (refer to the CCDUs master

plan). The master plan leave the Green Frame unspecied hence it would be a perfect site to integrate a tree farm and hous-

ing. The trees are transplanted to other locations once they mature. The purpose behind integrating housing into the tree farm

is to bring workers back to the city so as to reduce their commute and reduce the overall emmissions. The integration of the

tree farm and the housing I belive will make Christchurch a garden city.


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DESIGN PROPOSAL - ECO-VILLAGE / GRADIENT OF TREE VS. HOUSE

From study the site plan, I found out that there is a obivous point which was there are more houses

to the west side of the site and gets less and less at the east side, hence I want to balance the two

sides by Having more houses and less tree in west, and more trees less houses at west.


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DESIGN PROPOSAL - ECO-VILLAGE / SITE PLANNING

GRIDDING THE SITE TREE PLANTING

HOUSE PLANTING


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DESIGN PROPOSAL - ECO-VILLAGE / SITE PLAN


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DESIGN PROPOSAL - ECO-VILLAGE / AXONOMETRIC OF CHOSEN SITE

SHOWING THE PROPORTION BETWEEN ROAD / GREEN ZONE /

TREES / HOUSING IN THE REDEVELOPED MASTER PLAN


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DESIGN PROPOSAL - ECO-VILLAGE / GENERATING HOUSE FORM


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DESIGN PROPOSAL - ECO-VILLAGE / FLOOR PLAN - HOUSE NO.1

SCALE 1:100

GROUND FLOOR FIRST FLOOR


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DESIGN PROPOSAL - ECO-VILLAGE / SECTION - HOUSE NO.1

SCALE 1:100


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SCALE 1:100



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SCALE 1:100


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SCALE 1:100



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SCALE 1:100


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DESIGN PROPOSAL - ECO-VILLAGE / GREENHOUSE FLOOR PLAN

SCALE 1:200


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DESIGN PROPOSAL - ECO-VILLAGE / GREENHOUSE SECTION

SCALE 1:200


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DESIGN PROPOSAL - ECO-VILLAGE / ELEVATION


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DESIGN PROPOSAL - ECO-VILLAGE / HOUSING DETAIL


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DESIGN PROPOSAL - ECO-VILLAGE / GREENHOUSE DETAIL

DESIGN PROPOSAL ECO VILLAGE / MATERIAL USED FOR HOUSING


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DESIGN PROPOSAL - ECO-VILLAGE / MATERIAL USED FOR HOUSING

DESIGN PROPOSAL ECO VILLAGE / INTERIOR SPACE


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DESIGN PROPOSAL - ECO-VILLAGE / INTERIOR SPACE

BEDROOMBALCONY VIEWING OUT LIVING ROOM

DESIGN PROPOSAL ECO VILLAGE / FINAL RENDER THE MONEY SHOT


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DESIGN PROPOSAL - ECO-VILLAGE / FINAL RENDER - THE MONEY SHOT

CLOSE-UP VIEW OF HOUSING

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121014 Atmoshpere-book Nw