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Qualification of 120mm Rifled Ammunition inSupport of the
Expeditionary Fire Support System (EFSS)
42 nd Annual Armament Systems: Guns andMissile Systems Conference & Exhibition
April 23-26,2007Charlotte, NC
Approved for public releaseby MARCORSYSCOM on
4/19/07
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EFSS Program Overview
Expeditionary Fire Support System is a U.S. Marine requirement for aweapon system that must be:
All weather Ground Based
Close supporting AccurateImmediate ResponseLethal indirect fire
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EFSS System Description
An EFSS system consists of:
Two Prime Movers Ammunition Trailer 120mm Rifled Mortar Full Suite of 120mm Rifled Ammunition
Approved for Release by TDA
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Mortar and Ammunition Background
TDA (a subsidiary of Thales) developed 120mm Rifled
Mortar and AmmunitionDeveloped in the early 1970sIn service with 24 countries, including 4 NATO armiesand Japan.Over 500,000 rounds fired with no issues.Rifled barrel provides a spin stabilized projectile.Maximum range of standard rifled ammunition is 8.1kmGD-OTS teamed with TDA to bring rifled mortarcapability to EFSS platform
Approved for Release by TDA
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Standard 120mm Rifled Ammunition
TDA’s 120mm Standard AmmunitionSuiteHigh Explosive (HE) – 4.2 kg of TNTPractice – 0.5 kg of black powder forspottingIllumination – 1.9 kg flare
Obscurant/Incendiary (Smoke) – 2.8kg of White Phosphorous
All four types of ammunition share thesame Tail Charge Assembly
Approved for Release by TDA
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120mm Rifled Ammunition for USMC
USMC funded GD-OTS to upgrade the ammunition to
meet qualification requirements of the USN for EFSSInsensitive Munitions (IM)Environmental and Durability
Hazard ClassificationFuze SafetyPerformance Oriented Packaging (POP)Electro-static Discharge
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EFSS HE Ammunition Upgrade
Modifications to HE ProjectileReplace TNT fill with PBXW-128(HMX based)Equip with an M767A1 fuzeutilizing a PBXN-5 booster
Add a fuze venting liner between
the projectile body and the fuze
Design ConstraintMaintain equivalent lethalitySimilar ballistics
FUZE BOOSTER BODYExplosive
FIRINGPIN
BASE OF SHELL
SPRING CLIPSEJECTING CHARGE
CHARGESCARTRIDGE
OBTURATING RING
Approved for Release by TDA
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Modifications to Practice ProjectileEquip with an M767A1 fuzeutilizing a PBXN-5 booster
Add a fuze venting linerbetween the projectile bodyand the fuze
Design ConstraintMaintain spotting abilitySame ballistic to EFSS HE
EFSS Practice Ammunition Upgrade
SPRING CLIPS EJECTINGCHARGE PROPELLANTCHARGECARTDRIDGE
FIRING PIN
FUZEBOOSTER
BODYINERT
CHARGE
OBTURATINGRING
REAR OF BODY
BLACK POWDERCHARGE
Approved for Release by TDA
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Modifications to IlluminationProjectileEquip with an M762A1 fuze
Design Constraint
Maintain flare abilitySimilar ballistics
EFSS Illumination Ammunition Upgrade
SPRING CLIPS EJECTING
CHARGE
PROPELLANT
CHARGES
CARTRIDGE FIRING
PIN
FUZE
OBTURATING RING
ILLUMINATINGCHARGEIGNITION
FRONTBODY
SECONDARYPROJECTILE
PARACHUTEPROTECTOR
HOUSING
MAINPARACHUTE
BRAKEPARACHUTE
REAR BODYOF PROJECTILE
Approved for Release by TDA
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EFSS Container Assembly Upgrade
PA117 Vented Container Assembly for HE, Practice, and Illuminationrounds
Blow out panels allow pressure releaseFoam packaging separates and returns to resin form when heatedFuze has room to completely detach from projectile with heat andpressure
Blowout Panelsallow pressure
release from insidethe container
Foam cushions andsleeves melt and
separate to preventinsulation of heat
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Environmental/Durability
Qualification Test Plan
45 EFSS rounds of each ammunition type weretested (including vibration and drop testing)
High Temp (+160F)Low Temp (-65 F)Low Pressure AltitudeTemperature Shock
Test facilities includedNSWC DahlgrenNSWC CraneHawthorne
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54 EFSS rounds ofeach ammunitiontype were tested
Testing required tomeet MIL-STD-2105C, Hazard
Assessment Testsfor Non-NuclearMunitions
Hazard Assessment/Classification
Qualification Test PlanHazard Assessment/Classification
Testing(54)
TransportationVibration
[-65F](3)
28 Day Temp.& Humidity
(12)
TransportationVibration[+160F]
(3)
TransportationVibration
[+70F](3)
ShipboardVibration
[-65F](3)
ShipboardVibration
[+70F](3)
ShipboardVibration[+160F]
(3)
4 Day Temp.& Humidity
(6)
Inspect, X-ray& Fire
(3)
40Ft Drop(3)
Inspect, X-ray& Fire
(3)
Inspect, X-ray& Fire
(3)Slow Cook-off
(2)
CombinedFast Cook-off/ External Fire
(25)
Bullet Impact(2)
FragmentImpact
(2)
CombinedSympathetic
Detonation/ Stack Test
(8)
ShapedCharge Jet
(2)
ThermalStability
(1)
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EFSS Qualification Results
IMRB reviewed the EFSS ammunition qualification resultsTesting reviewed and results officially scored
Approved for submission for final qualifications
EFSS RoundTypes
Slow Cook-Off
Fast Cook-Off
FragmentImpact
BulletImpact
SympatheticDetonationConfined
SympatheticDetonationUnconfined
Shape ChargeJet
HE V IV III V Pass Pass IIllumination V IV III IV Pass Pass Not scheduledSmokeProjectile III III IV Not scheduledSmoke TailCharge
Assembly IV III IV Not scheduledPractice V IV III IV Pass Pass Not scheduled
IM TESTSEFSS AMMUNITION QUALIFICATION STATUS April 16th, 2007
III (MixedPallet)
Pass (Mixedpallet)
Pass (Mixedpallet)
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EFSS Qualification Conclusion
All qualification testing in accordance with the basic test plan have beencompleted
Testing conducted at the following locations:NSWC DahlgrenNSWC CraneNSWC Indian HeadHawthorneEglin AFB
Strategic plan for future improvements being evaluated
IOC scheduled for late September of 2007