120230447 Chaffee Test Questions Doc

8/13/2019 120230447 Chaffee Test Questions Doc

1/35

TEST QUESTIONS

CHAPTER ONE

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Philosophy, literally defined, means:

A love of knowledge.

B love of wisdom.C love of rhetoric.

critical thinking.

! none of the a"ove

B

#. $f the following, which is not considered a %&ality of a critical thinker'

A open(minded

B mentally activeC self(aware

passionate! none of the a"ove

!

) *he &ltimate aim of philosophy is:

A complete li"erty of the mind.

B to achieve independence of any pre+&dice.

C to "ecome moral. freedom.

! all of the a"ove!

-hich of the following are considered ded&ctive arg&ment forms'

A mod&s ponensB dis+&nctive syllogism

C ca&sal reasoning

generaliations

! A and B!

/ *he "ranch of philosophy that considers %&estions a"o&t what we can and cannotknow is:

A metaphysics.

B epistemology.C ethics.

logic.

! all of the a"ove

B

#


2/35

0 *he "ranch of philosophy that st&dies "ea&ty, art and, taste is:

A metaphysics.

B ethics.C aesthetics.

logic.

! B and CC

*he "ranch of philosophy that st&dies moral val&es and principles is:A metaphysics.

B epistemology.

C ethics.

none of the a"ove! all of the a"ove

C

2 $f the following, which is not considered a ca&sal fallacy'A %&estiona"le ca&se

B post hoc ergo propter hocC slippery slope

hasty generaliation

! none of the a"ove

3 $f the following, which is not considered a fallacy of relevance'

A appeal to a&thorityB appeal to emotion

C red herring

appeal to personal attack! none of the a"ove

!

14. $f the following, which is a form of an ind&ctive arg&ment'

A ca&sal reasoning

B empirical generaliation

C mod&s tollens A and B

! B and C

)


3/35

True/False Questions

1. 5t&dying philosophy allows one to confront deeper %&estions of the world andlife. *

#. Philosophy helps st&dents enrich their &nderstanding of the world and their own

lives. *). A categorical syllogism is considered a type of ind&ctive arg&ment. 6

. Critical thinking is a skill that allows people to "lindly accept the thinking of

others. 6/. *here is no difference "etween having a philosophy and doing philosophy. 6

0. Ca&sal reasoning is considered a type of ind&ctive arg&ment. *

. !thics is the st&dy of the &ltimate characteristics of reality and e7istence. 6

2. 8ogic is the "ranch of philosophy that seeks to esta"lish the r&les for correctreasoning, clear &nderstanding, and valid arg&ments. *

3. *he str&ct&re of an arg&ment is a gro&p of statements in which there are certain

statements offered in s&pport of another statement. *

14. 9&ssell arg&ed that there is a"sol&tely no val&e in st&dying philosophy. 6

Matching Questions

Match the ranch o! philosoph" #ith the $e!inition%

A metaphysics

B epistemology

C ethics

aesthetics! logic

1 *he st&dy of the &ltimate characteristics of reality or e7istence. A

2 *he st&dy of moral val&es and principles. C

3 *he "ranch of philosophy that seeks to esta"lish the r&les for correct reasoning

and valid arg&ments. !

4 *he st&dy to knowledge. B

5 *he st&dy of "ea&ty, art, and taste.

Short Ans#er Questions

1 8ist the %&alities of a critical thinker:

# $&tline the process of critical thinking:


4/35

Chapter T#o


1 A method &sing dynamic %&estions and intellect&al analysis is known as:

A rhetoric.B 5ocratic method.

C critical thinking.

all of the a"ove! none of the a"ove

B

# Pre(5ocratic philosophers attempted to &nderstand the world and life thro&gh:A reason and o"servation.

B s&perstition and myth.

C rhetoric.


A

) *he sophists e7hi"ited which of the following characteristics:

A relativism.B skepticism.

C egotism.

pragmatism.

! all of the a"ove!

According to 5ocrates, is considered the identity of the person.A "ody

B psyche

C ar;te episteme

! all of the a"ove

B

/ Arte is the


5/35

0 Epistemeis the


6/35


1 >rony is a form of rhetoric that has at least two conflicting levels of meaning. *# *he goal of dialectic is to achieve a shallow, vag&e, nonrational &nderstanding of

the most significant areas of h&man e7perience. 6

). 5ocrates "elieved that the tr&th lies within each of &s. * 5ocrates "elieved that it was "etter to s&ffer wickedness than to commit it. *

/ 5ocrates "elieved that no one &nknowingly does evil. 6

0 5ocrates "elieved that we sho&ld strive for e7cellence in some areas of life. 6 5ocrates was committed to making o&r actions reflect o&r convictions. *

2 *hales arg&ed that water is the primary s&"stance. *

3 =eraclit&s arg&ed that all things are in a constant state of change and the &niverse

is governed "y logos. *14 Parmenides arg&ed that reality is changing. 6

Matching Questions

Match the pre&Socratic philosopher #ith their elie!%

A *hales

B Ana7imenesC =eraclit&s

emocrit&s

! Ana7agoras

6 Pythagoras< Parmenides

= 5ocrates

1 9eality is &nchanging and eternal and change is an ill&sion. t is material.

?one of the a"ove.! All of the a"ove.

A

# According to Plato, the so&l consists of:A reason.

B physical appetite.

C spirit.


) According to escartes, what is the manner in which to seek tr&th'

A st&dy philosophyB method of do&"t

C st&dy mathematics and geometry

st&dy physiology

! none of the a"oveB

According to escartes, the so&l is governed "y:A


8/35

0 -ho arg&ed that there is no self'

A 5ocrates

B escartesC 8ocke

=&me

! ant

-ho arg&ed that we constr&ct the self'A 5ocrates

B escartes

C 8ocke

=&me! ant

!

2 -ho arg&ed that mental states are "rain states'A ant

B =&meC B&ddhist philosophy

Ch&rchland

! 9yle

3 -ho arg&ed that the self is insepara"le from the "odys physiology'

A 5ocratesB escartes

C 8ocke

9yle! none of the a"ove

14 *he B&ddhist conception of anattaincl&des all of the following elements e7cept:

A physical form.

B sensation.

C dispositions to act. conscio&sness.

! permanence.

!

3


9/35

11 Ch&rchland arg&ed that will "e eliminated once advances in

ne&roscience develop a voca"&lary that will ena"le &s to "e o"+ective a"o&t

conscio&sness and h&man e7perience.A physiology

B religion

C folk psychology all of the a"ove

! none of the a"ove

C


1 According to Plato, the so&l is not capa"le of knowing the 6orms. 6

# escartes "elieved the self was d&alistic. *

) Daterialism is the view that the &niverse is e7plaina"le in terms of the physical

laws. * !mpiricism is the epistemological view that sense e7perience is the primary

so&rce of all knowledge. */ 9ationalism is the epistemological view that reason and sense e7perience provide

knowledge. *

0 Phenomenologists arg&e that the self is p&rely physical. 6 !liminative materialists arg&e that the self consists of mental and physical

components. 6

2 Phenomenology attempts to clarify o&r &nderstanding of e7perience and how we

e7perience the world. *3 ant arg&es that the self transcends the senses and &nifies o&r e7periences. *

14 Ch&rchland "elieved a new ne&roscience voca"&lary will ena"le &s to

comm&nicate clearly a"o&t conscio&sness and h&man e7perience. *

/4


10/35

Matching Questions

Match the philosopher #ith the 'ie# o! #hat the sel! is%

A 5ocrates

B escartesC 8ocke

=&me

! ant6 Derlea&(Ponty

< Ch&rchland

1 *he so&l is the self and it is immortal. A# *he "rain is the self. n Eaggars arg&ments, emotions provide what'

A knowledge

B annihilate lifeC life with meaning

all of the a"ove

! none of the a"oveC

01


21/35


1 9ationalists arg&e that we enter the world with innate knowledge. *# !mpiricists arg&e that we can achieve gen&ine knowledge independent of sense

e7perience. 6

) 6or 8ocke, o"+ects in the world consist of primary and secondary %&alities. * 6or Berkeley, o"+ects in the world e7ist. 6

/ 5&"+ective >dealism is the "elief that only ideas and conscio&s minds have act&al

e7istence. *0 6or =&me, the logical concl&sion of empiricism is skepticism. *

6or ant, the no&menal world is perceiva"le. 6

2 -hen one perceives, one selects, organies, and interprets ones e7periences. *

3 >t is not possi"le to develop informed "eliefs thro&gh critical thinking. 614 By developing informed "eliefs, individ&als can constr&ct an enlightened ethical

perspective, develop a tho&ghtf&l approach to religion, and develop a

sophisticated and integrated view of reality. *

Matching Questions

Match the philosopher #ith their episte(ological 'ie#%

A escartes

B 8ocke

C Berkeley

=&me! ant

6 Eaggar

1 nowledge of e7ternal world "egins with the method of do&"t. A

# All knowledge comes from e7perience. B

) !motions affect the manner in which we perceive the world. 6 All +&stifia"le "eliefs m&st "e rationally +&stified or e7perienca"le.

/ *he knowa"le world is constr&cted "y the fac&lties of the mind.

!0 *o "e is to "e perceived. C

Short Ans#er Question

1 -hat two important %&estions are necessary for developing informed "eliefs

a"o&t o&rselves and the world'

0#


22/35

Chapter Se'en


1 -ho defined religion as a means toward &ltimate transformation'

A 5trengB 6e&er"ach

C aly

?ishitaniA

# -ho arg&ed that religion is a h&man constr&ction, an idealied perfection'

A 5trengB 6e&er"ach

C aly

?ishitani

B

) -ho arg&ed that all religions are e7pressions of a patriarchal reality in whichwomen are placed in a s&"+&gated position'

A 5treng

B 6e&er"achC aly

?ishitani

C

-ho "elieved that religion is a vital personal %&est all m&st face when confronted

with the possi"le meaninglessness of life'

A 5trengB 6e&er"ach

C aly

?ishitani

/ 9eligions that remain tied to the original people and location from which they

developed are called:A Christianity.

B >slam.

C *aoism. >ndigeno&s sacred ways.

! none of the a"ove

0)


23/35

0 $f the following, which religion does not "elieve in a transcendent "eing or

"eings'

A ChristianityB >slam

C E&daism

B&ddhism! =ind&ism

$f the following, which religion "elieves that so&ls can have eternal salvation d&e

to a "elief in Ees&s'

A Christianity

B >slamC E&daism

B&ddhism

! =ind&ism

A

2 $f the following, which religion "elieves that D&hammad is the last and finalprophet to receive the word of to cond&ct my life' -hat happens when > die'

! All of the a"ove

!


1 5t&dying the philosophy of religion is designed to t&rn all persons into atheistsand engage persons in emotional arg&ments. 6

# 5t&dying the philosophy of religion is designed to e7pand, enrich, and deepen

yo&r &nderstanding of other religions. *) Arg&ments for the e7istence of


24/35

/ ierkegaard arg&ed that the e7istence of ndia. A

# A monotheist religion that "elieves D&hammad is the last and final

prophet to receive the word of


25/35

Chapter Eight


1 !thical concepts incl&de:

A right and wrong.B good and "ad.

C +&st and &n+&st.

virt&e and vice.! all of the a"ove

!

# *he ethical theory that claims moral val&es depend on individ&al opinion orc&lt&ral norms is:

A ethical a"sol&tism.

B ethical relativism.

C ethical determinism. normative ethics.

! descriptive ethics.B

) *he ethical theory that claims moral val&es apply to all people in allcirc&mstances is:

A ethical a"sol&tism.

B ethical relativism.

C ethical determinism. normative ethics.

! descriptive ethics.

A

*he ethical theory in which the individ&al determines what is right and wrong

"ased on how the feel is:A ethical s&"+ectivism.

B c&lt&ral relativism.

C ethical determinism.

normative ethics.! descriptive ethics.

A

00


26/35

/ *he ethical theory in which what is considered right or wrong is dependent on

societal acceptance is:

A ethical a"sol&tism.B ethical determinism.

C c&lt&ral relativism.

normative ethics.! descriptive ethics.

C

0 *he view that we are compelled "y o&r psychological make&p to always p&rs&e

o&r own interest is:

A ethical egoism.

B divine command theory.C empathy.

psychological egoism.

! none of the a"ove

*he ethical theory that proposes we p&rs&e o&r own happiness and self(interest is:A ethical egoism.

B divine command theory.

C empathy. psychological egoism.

! none of the a"ove

A

2 *he ethical theory that proposes we act morally when we do what


27/35


1 !thical s&"+ectivism is a recipe for moral anarchy. *# C&lt&ral relativism commits the nat&ralistic fallacy. *

) escriptive ethics addresses what o&ght to "e the case. 6

?ormative ethics addresses what is the case. 6/ !thical relativism denies the possi"ility of an a"sol&te, &niversal ethics. *

0 6or 9and, altr&ism and compassion are virt&es. 6

6or 9and, selfishness is virt&o&s. *2 ?at&ral 8aw ethics is the view that &niversal moral val&es can "e discovered in

nat&re "y &sing the fac&lty of reason. *

3 ing, Er. arg&ed that civil diso"edience is moral if it does not conflict with =&man

8aw. 614 *here is no difference "etween st&dying morality and "eing a moral person. 6

Matching Questions

Match the concept #ith its $e!inition%

A Gal&e

B Doral val&es

C !thical 9elativism !thical 5&"+ectivism

! C&lt&ral 9elativism

6 !thical A"sol&tism

< escriptive ethics= ?ormative ethics

> ?at&ralistic 6allacy

1 !thical theory that claims moral val&es are determined "y c&lt&ral norms.

!

# eriving an o&ght from an is. >) *he term &sed to denote anything that possesses intrinsic worth given

clearly defined standards. A

!thical theory that claims some moral val&es apply to all people in all

circ&mstances. 6/ *his term addresses what is the case when disc&ssing ethical val&es.

$kin

1 A society o&ght to "e "ased on a social contract recogniing certain

inaliena"le rights for individ&als. !

# 6or there to "e meaningf&l +&stice, a radical restr&ct&ring of gender roles isnecessary. >

) 9e+ects the idea that government has the right to interfere with individ&alli"erty e7cept in those cases where the general welfare of others is

threatened. =

Arg&ed that h&mans do have the right to defend themselves and thro&ghthe &se of reason recognie the necessity of a social contract.

/ Arg&ed that man is a political creat&re "y nat&re. C

0 Believed society consisted of three classes: philosopher(kings, g&ardians,

and workers. B eveloped a view of society that has dominated Chinese c&lt&re.

A

2 Arg&ed that capitalism is flawed.

Documents

120230447 Chaffee Test Questions Doc