The Amazing World of Computers 6

Unit 1Lesson 2: The Evolution of ComputersThe Amazing World of Computers 6Abacus or Suan panChinese Merchants, 5000 years agoA device made up of rods of sliding beads mounted on a frame,The Abacus may be considered the first computer

Calculating ClockWilhelm Schickard, 1623Considered first mechanical calculatorWas composed of rotating rods and gears on an upright frame.It could perform basic addition, subtraction, division, and multiplication.

PascalineBlaise Pascal, 1642Had movable dials that could perform addition and subtraction on large sequences of numbers

Stepped ReckonerGottfried Willhelm Leibnitz, 1694Using a system of wheels and drums, the machine could perform all four basic math operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division

ArithmometerCharles Xavier Thomas de Colmar, 1820A machine capable of performing the four basic math operations in a simple and reliable way.

Difference Engine and Analytic EngineCharles Babbage

Difference Engine, 1821A mechanical device that could perform calculations and print results.

Analytic Engine, 1834A computer designed to carry out more complicated calculations

Father of Computing

First generation Computers(1939 1956)Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC)John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry, 1939In 1937, the machine was conceivedFirst electronic digital computerZ3Konrad Zuse, 1941Used to design airplanes and missilesColossusAlan Turing, 1943Used to decode German messages.

First generation Computers(1939 1956)Harvard-IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator or Mark IHoward Aiken, 1944Used by the U.S. Navy

First generation Computers(1939 1956)Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer (EDVAC)John von Neumann,1945Had a memory that could hold both data and a stored programElectronic Numericcal Integrator and Computer (ENIAC)John Presper Eckert Jr. and John Mauchly, 1945Designed in 1945, built in 1946Used by U.S. Army

First generation Computers(1939 1956)Universal Automatic Computer I (UNIVAC I)Remington Rand, 1951First commercial computer to feature a magnetic tape storage systemSemi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE)1954This automated aircraft-warning system was the largest vacuum tube computer system ever built.

Second generation Computers(1956 1963)TransistorJohn Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley, 1947A device designed to act as both transmitter, which converts sound waves into electronic waves, and a resistor, which controls electric current.computers became smaller, faster, more reliable, and more energy-efficient.FORTRAN (Formula Translator), ALGOL (Algorithm Language), COBOL (Common Business-Oriented Language)IBM 704, IBM 709, IBM 7094

Third generation Computers(1964 1971)Integrated CircuitJack Kilby, 1961Combined many transistors and other electrical components onto a small silicon chip

PDP-81965The first commercially successful minicomputer

Third generation Computers(1964 1971)UnixKenneth Thompson and Dennis Ritchie, 1969An operating system capable of performing multiple tasksGraphic User Interface or GUIXerox Corporation, 1970sAllowed users to point and click at icons, making computers much easier to use

Fourth generation Computers(1971 Present)MicroprocessorTiny integrated circuits that contain millions of transistors and other componentsIntel 4004Dr. Ted Hoff, 1971Was a four-bit microprocessor that performed many input and output operations

Fourth generation Computers(1971 Present)Altair 8800Micro Instrumentation Telemetry System (MITS)First personal computerBASIC (Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code)Bill Gates and Paul Allen, MicrosoftApple IIApple Computers, 1976Was appealing to consumers because of its software and well-written manuals

Fourth generation Computers(1971 Present)Windows Operating SystemMicrosoft, 1985Deep BlueIBM, 1996The supercomputer that beat world chess champion in 1997

Fifth generation ComputersBallistic Deflection Transistors (BDTs)Have the potential to increase the speed of todays microprocessorVirtual Reality (VR)Allows users to use all of their senses when interacting with a computerArtificial Intelligence (AI)Making machines exhibit human behavior and intelligenceReferencehttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Boulier1.JPG/220px-Boulier1.JPGhttps://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSlgoboBV83VU7qlF6LKIVt1QjNxXgNPXchJXHifskJo7QimIEOzwhttp://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSn6kgL21sriCcqhsbzBEjVxSCUlSM2a5UN5w2cQe3XOMWqVuVaWAhttp://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRVFpQmm6ibny52FWWweLvJxUuy47MbSld3xIFwy0mlgb4QAc4YgQhttps://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRxCh2TppBa8xuuhN5IGXQOBZcc7pMdZdMZvkOiIS1ohtKUcu_k http://www.computerhistory.org/babbage/common/img/welcome-babbageengine.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/AnalyticalMachine_Babbage_London.jpg/220px-AnalyticalMachine_Babbage_London.jpghttp://jva.cs.iastate.edu/img/toporigABC.jpg

Referencehttp://history-computer.com/ModernComputer/Relays/images/Zuse_Z3.jpghttps://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTJhVPfOYKBsK9KaRV32vU3qSXvl6f7Uky3aJB9y0WzrBVphJ-pXQhttp://www.wired.com/images/article/full/2008/08/ibm_mark1_500px.jpghttps://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcR7SoOZFNU038uWis_Oj7vAkyLnDHLXY1YdHNpKJRzSd8_Qz64sAwhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Eniac.jpg/250px-Eniac.jpghttp://www.computermuseum.li/Testpage/UNIVAC-1-FullView-B.jpghttps://encrypted-tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcT8KRA5HM5UG7U_r3gXEsWZ1NAZhkY_lDAgmfUxWgugXPSC3Y5ihttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Replica-of-first-transistor.jpg/220px-Replica-of-first-transistor.jpghttp://www.circuitstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/integrated-circuit.jpg

Referencehttp://pdp8.co.uk/files/2009/04/pdp-8-m.jpghttp://oldcomputers.net/pics/att-unix-pc-boot.jpghttp://cis140nlarson.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/winodws-1-0.jpghttp://www.cpu-zone.com/4004/Intel%20C4004%20Grey%20Stripe_1.JPGhttp://oldcomputers.net/pics/Altair_8800.jpghttp://oldcomputers.net/pics/appleii-system.jpghttp://www.gamexeon.com/forum/imagehosting/201101/122984d44fad5c7263.pnghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Deep_Blue.jpg/220px-Deep_Blue.jpg