1.2 the Circulatory System- Introduction

8/14/2019 1.2 the Circulatory System- Introduction

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1.2 The Circulatory1.2 The Circulatory

SystemSystem


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To transport nutrients and oxygen toTo transport nutrients and oxygen tocells and carries waste materialscells and carries waste materials

away from cellsaway from cells

What is the use of circulatoryWhat is the use of circulatory

system?system?


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Components of circulatory systemComponents of circulatory system

Three major components:Three major components:

2.2. Blood connective tissues made upBlood connective tissues made up

of liquid plasma, suspended bloodof liquid plasma, suspended bloodcells and plateletscells and platelets

3.3. Heart muscular pump that circulateHeart muscular pump that circulate

bloodblood

4.4. Blood vessels consist of arteries,Blood vessels consist of arteries,

capillaries and veinscapillaries and veins


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Blood

vessels


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1. Blood and haemolymph1. Blood and haemolymph

Blood medium of transport inBlood medium of transport in

human and animalshuman and animals

Haemolymph blood-like nutritiveHaemolymph blood-like nutritive

fluid that fills the entire body cavityfluid that fills the entire body cavity

or haemoceal and surround the cellor haemoceal and surround the cell

of arthropods (insects)of arthropods (insects)


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The functions of bloodThe functions of blood

Transport oxygen from the lungs toTransport oxygen from the lungs tothe cell and carbon dioxide from thethe cell and carbon dioxide from thecells to the lungscells to the lungs

Regulate the pH of body fluid, bodyRegulate the pH of body fluid, bodytemperature and water content oftemperature and water content ofcellscells

Blood clot protect the body againstBlood clot protect the body againstexcessive blood lossexcessive blood loss Protect the body against diseasesProtect the body against diseases


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The functions of haemolymphThe functions of haemolymph

Transport water, inorganic salts andTransport water, inorganic salts and

organic compounds throughout theorganic compounds throughout the

haemocealhaemoceal

Do not transport respiratory gasesDo not transport respiratory gases


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The composition of bloodThe composition of blood

55% plasma and 45% cellular55% plasma and 45% cellularcomponentscomponents

Plasma main transport mediumPlasma main transport mediumConstituent of plasma waterConstituent of plasma water

(90%), ions, plasma proteins(90%), ions, plasma proteins(albumin, fibrinogen and(albumin, fibrinogen and

immunoglobulins), hormones andimmunoglobulins), hormones anddissolve substances (nutrient, wastedissolve substances (nutrient, wasteproduct and respiratory gases)product and respiratory gases)


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Major functions of constituents in plasmaMajor functions of constituents in plasma


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Cellular components ofblood

a. Erythrocytes

b. Platelets/Thrombocytes

c. Leucocytes


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Cellular components of theblood


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a. Erythrocytes (red blood cells)a. Erythrocytes (red blood cells) Biconcave shape (thinner at the centre thanBiconcave shape (thinner at the centre than

at the edge)at the edge) Does not have a nucleusDoes not have a nucleus 7.5 micrometre (7.5 micrometre (m) in diameterm) in diameter Biconcave shape and small size providesBiconcave shape and small size provides

large surface area to volumelarge surface area to volume Function helps in gaseous exchangeFunction helps in gaseous exchange Contains haemoglobin (oxygen carryingContains haemoglobin (oxygen carrying

protein pigment) which give the red colourprotein pigment) which give the red colour Haemoglobin contains haem group whichHaemoglobin contains haem group which

contain iron atomcontain iron atom the site of oxygenthe site of oxygenbindingbinding

Lifespan 120 days, destroyed in liver andLifespan 120 days, destroyed in liver andspleen, manufactured in bone morrowspleen, manufactured in bone morrow


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b. Leucocytes (white blood cells)b. Leucocytes (white blood cells)

Colourless and have a nucleusColourless and have a nucleus Larger than red blood cellsLarger than red blood cells Classified into 2 types:Classified into 2 types:

4.4. Granulocytes Neutrophils,Granulocytes Neutrophils,Eosinophils & BasophilsEosinophils & Basophils

5.5. Agranulocytes Lymphocytes &Agranulocytes Lymphocytes &MonocytesMonocytes

Make less than 1% of the bloodsMake less than 1% of the bloodsvolumevolume

Made up of stem cells in bone morrowMade up of stem cells in bone morrow


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Function:Function:

- Fight infectionFight infection

- Neutrophils and MonocytesNeutrophils and Monocytes digestdigest

bacteria and dead cellsbacteria and dead cells

- EosinophilsEosinophils release enzymes thatrelease enzymes that

combat inflammation in allergiccombat inflammation in allergic

reaction and kill parasitic wormsreaction and kill parasitic worms

- BasophilsBasophils combating inflamatory andcombating inflamatory and

allergic reactionsallergic reactions- LympocytesLympocytes produce immune systemproduce immune system

against foreign substancesagainst foreign substances


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c. Platelets/Thrombocytesc. Platelets/Thrombocytes

Cell fragments from the boneCell fragments from the bone

morrowmorrow

Function involved in the process ofFunction involved in the process of

blood clottingblood clotting


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Test YourselfTest Yourself

1.1. What is the use of circulatoryWhat is the use of circulatorysystem?system?

2.2. How many components in theHow many components in thecirculatory system of human?circulatory system of human?

3.3. Give one example of plasma andGive one example of plasma andgive the function.give the function.

4.4. What are the cellular componentsWhat are the cellular componentsof blood?of blood?

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1.2 the Circulatory System- Introduction