12 SAVANNAH RIVER SITE: AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ANDpocswellstim.evs.anl.gov/documents/final-pea-front-matter.pdf · Final Programmatic EA May 2016 iii 1 CONTENTS 2 3 4 NOTATION

Final Programmatic EA May 2016

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CONTENTS 1 2 3 NOTATION ........................................................................................................................... xiii 4 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................... ES-1 6 7

ES.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. ES-1 8 ES.2 Purpose and Need for the Proposed Action ............................................................ ES-1 9 ES.3 Proposed Action and Alternatives .......................................................................... ES-1 10 ES.4 Affected Environment ............................................................................................. ES-5 11 ES.5 Environmental Consequences ................................................................................. ES-8 12

ES.5.1 WST Operations .......................................................................................... ES-8 13 ES.5.2 Potential Releases from WST-Related Accidents ....................................... ES-9 14 ES.5.3 Summary of Impacts on Resources ............................................................. ES-10 15

ES.6 Cumulative Impacts ................................................................................................ ES-11 16 17 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 1-1 18 19

1.1 Background ............................................................................................................. 1-1 20 1.2 Purpose and Need for the Proposed Action ............................................................ 1-3 21

1.2.1 Management of OCS Oil and Gas Resources ............................................. 1-4 22 1.3 Public Involvement ................................................................................................. 1-6 23 1.4 References ............................................................................................................... 1-6 24

25 2 ALTERNATIVES, INCLUDING THE PROPOSED ACTION ..................................... 2-1 26 27

2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 2-1 28 2.2 Proposed Action and Other Alternatives Considered ............................................. 2-3 29

2.2.1 Alternative 1: Proposed Action—Allow Use of WSTs .............................. 2-3 30 2.2.1.1 Fracturing WSTs Included in the Proposed Action .................... 2-3 31 2.2.1.2 Non-Fracturing WSTs Included in the Proposed Action ............ 2-5 32 2.2.1.3 Forecast of WST Use on the POCS ............................................ 2-6 33

2.2.2 Alternative 2: Allow Use of WSTs with Subsurface Seafloor Depth 34 Stipulations ................................................................................................. 2-6 35

2.2.3 Alternative 3: Allow Use of WSTs but No Open Water Discharge 36 of WST Waste Fluids .................................................................................. 2-7 37

2.2.4 Alternative 4: No Action—Allow No Use of WSTs .................................. 2-8 38 2.2.4.1 Acid Wash ................................................................................... 2-9 39 2.2.4.2 Solvent Wash .............................................................................. 2-9 40 2.2.4.3 Casing Scrape/Surge ................................................................... 2-10 41 2.2.4.4 Pressure/Jet Wash ........................................................................ 2-10 42

2.2.5 Alternatives Considered but Eliminated from Further Evaluation ............. 2-10 43 2.2.5.1 Allow Use of WSTs Subject to Injection Pressure 44

Stipulations .................................................................................. 2-10 45 46


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CONTENTS (Cont.) 1 2 3

2.2.5.2 Allow Use of WSTs Subject to Fracturing Fluid Volume 4 Stipulations .................................................................................. 2-11 5

2.2.5.3 Allow Use of WSTs Subject to Stipulations on Injection 6 Fluid Chemical Constituents, Such as Limiting Use of 7 Bioaccumulative Compounds or Strong Acids ........................... 2-12 8

2.3 Environmental Resources Considered in This Environmental Assessment ........... 2-13 9 2.4 References ............................................................................................................... 2-16 10

11 3 AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ....................................................................................... 3-1 12 13

3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 3-1 14 3.2 Geology and Seismicity .......................................................................................... 3-1 15

3.2.1 Regional Description and Physiography ..................................................... 3-1 16 3.2.2 Geology of the Santa Maria Basin .............................................................. 3-1 17

3.2.2.1 Stratigraphy ................................................................................. 3-6 18 3.2.2.2 Potential for Application of WST ............................................... 3-8 19

3.2.3 Geology of the Santa Barbara–Ventura Basin ............................................ 3-8 20 3.2.3.1 Stratigraphy ................................................................................. 3-8 21 3.2.3.2 Potential for Application of WST ............................................... 3-12 22

3.2.4 Geology of the Beta Field off of San Pedro, California ............................. 3-12 23 3.2.4.1 Stratigraphy ................................................................................. 3-14 24 3.2.4.2 Potential for Application of WST ............................................... 3-15 25

3.2.5 Seismicity .................................................................................................... 3-15 26 3.3 Air Quality and Meteorology .................................................................................. 3-18 27

3.3.1 Meteorology ................................................................................................ 3-18 28 3.3.1.1 Climate ........................................................................................ 3-18 29 3.3.1.2 Wind ............................................................................................ 3-19 30 3.3.1.3 Temperature ................................................................................ 3-19 31 3.3.1.4 Precipitation ................................................................................ 3-19 32 3.3.1.5 Atmospheric Stability .................................................................. 3-20 33 3.3.1.6 Mixing Height ............................................................................. 3-20 34 3.3.1.7 Severe Weather ........................................................................... 3-20 35

3.3.2 Air Quality .................................................................................................. 3-21 36 3.3.2.1 Ambient Air Quality Standards ................................................... 3-21 37 3.3.2.2 Area Designations ....................................................................... 3-21 38 3.3.2.3 Prevention of Significant Deterioration ...................................... 3-23 39 3.3.2.4 Air Emissions .............................................................................. 3-24 40 3.3.2.5 Regulatory Controls on OCS Activities That Affect 41

Air Quality .................................................................................. 3-26 42 3.4 Water Quality .......................................................................................................... 3-27 43

3.4.1 Regulatory Framework ............................................................................... 3-27 44 3.4.2 Physical Oceanography and Regional Water Quality ................................. 3-28 45

3.4.2.1 Discharge Sources from Offshore Oil and Gas Activities .......... 3-30 46


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3.4.2.2 Other Discharge Sources ............................................................. 3-35 4 3.5 Ecological Resources .............................................................................................. 3-37 5

3.5.1 Benthic Resources ....................................................................................... 3-37 6 3.5.1.1 Intertidal Benthic Habitats .......................................................... 3-37 7 3.5.1.2 Subtidal Habitats ......................................................................... 3-38 8 3.5.1.3 Threatened and Endangered Invertebrate Species ...................... 3-39 9

3.5.2 Marine and Coastal Fish and Essential Fish Habitat .................................. 3-40 10 3.5.2.1 Marine and Coastal Fishes .......................................................... 3-40 11 3.5.2.2 Essential Fish Habitat .................................................................. 3-41 12 3.5.2.3 Threatened and Endangered Fish Species ................................... 3-44 13

3.5.3 Marine Mammals ........................................................................................ 3-47 14 3.5.3.1 Whales and Dolphins .................................................................. 3-48 15 3.5.3.2 Seals, Sea Lions, and Sea Otters ................................................. 3-53 16 3.5.3.3 Threatened and Endangered Marine Mammals .......................... 3-55 17

3.5.4 Marine and Coastal Birds ............................................................................ 3-56 18 3.5.4.1 Seabirds ....................................................................................... 3-56 19 3.5.4.2 Shorebirds ................................................................................... 3-57 20 3.5.4.3 Waterfowl and Wading Birds ...................................................... 3-58 21 3.5.4.4 Special Status Bird Species ......................................................... 3-58 22

3.5.5 Sea Turtles .................................................................................................. 3-67 23 3.6 Recreational and Commercial Fishing .................................................................... 3-68 24

3.6.1 Commercial Fisheries ................................................................................. 3-68 25 3.6.2 Recreational Fishing ................................................................................... 3-71 26

3.7 Areas of Special Concern ........................................................................................ 3-74 27 3.7.1 Marine Sanctuaries ...................................................................................... 3-76 28 3.7.2 National Parks ............................................................................................. 3-76 29 3.7.3 National Wildlife Refuges .......................................................................... 3-76 30 3.7.4 National Estuarine Research Reserves ........................................................ 3-76 31 3.7.5 National Estuary Program ........................................................................... 3-77 32 3.7.6 Military Use Areas ...................................................................................... 3-77 33 3.7.7 California State Protected Areas ................................................................. 3-77 34

3.8 Archaeological Resources ....................................................................................... 3-79 35 3.8.1 Regulatory Overview .................................................................................. 3-79 36 3.8.2 Pacific Region ............................................................................................. 3-79 37

3.9 Recreation and Tourism .......................................................................................... 3-81 38 3.10 Environmental Justice ............................................................................................. 3-82 39 3.11 Socioeconomics ...................................................................................................... 3-84 40

3.11.1 Population ................................................................................................... 3-84 41 3.11.2 Employment and Income ............................................................................ 3-84 42 3.11.3 Housing ....................................................................................................... 3-86 43

3.12 References ............................................................................................................... 3-87 44 45


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CONTENTS (Cont.) 1 2 3 4 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES ...................................................................... 4-1 4 5

4.1 Historic Use of WSTs in Offshore Waters of Southern California ........................ 4-1 6 4.2 WST Operations and Impacting Factors ................................................................. 4-3 7

4.2.1 Delivery of WST Materials ......................................................................... 4-5 8 4.2.2 WST Implementation and Operation .......................................................... 4-5 9 4.2.3 WST Waste Handling and Disposal ........................................................... 4-5 10 4.2.4 Impacting Factors Associated with WST Use ............................................ 4-6 11

4.3 WST-Related Accident Scenarios........................................................................... 4-9 12 4.3.1 Accidents during Transport and Delivery of WST Chemicals 13

and Fluids .................................................................................................... 4-11 14 4.3.2 Accidents during WST Fluid Injection ....................................................... 4-13 15 4.3.3 Accidents during Handling, Processing, and Disposal of WST 16

Waste Fluids ............................................................................................... 4-17 17 4.3.4 Effects of Response Actions ....................................................................... 4-19 18

4.4 Assessment Approach ............................................................................................. 4-19 19 4.5 Environmental Consequences ................................................................................. 4-21 20

4.5.1 Alternative 1 Proposed Action—Allow Use of WSTs ............................... 4-21 21 4.5.1.1 Geology/Seismicity ..................................................................... 4-22 22 4.5.1.2 Air Quality .................................................................................. 4-23 23 4.5.1.3 Water Quality .............................................................................. 4-27 24 4.5.1.4 Ecological Resources .................................................................. 4-50 25 4.5.1.5 Recreational and Commercial Fisheries ...................................... 4-62 26 4.5.1.6 Areas of Special Concern ............................................................ 4-64 27 4.5.1.7 Archaeological Resources ........................................................... 4-65 28 4.5.1.8 Recreation and Tourism .............................................................. 4-66 29 4.5.1.9 Environmental Justice ................................................................. 4-67 30 4.5.1.10 Socioeconomics ........................................................................... 4-68 31 4.5.1.11 Cumulative Impacts .................................................................... 4-69 32

4.5.2 Alternative 2—Allow Use of WSTs with Depth Stipulation ...................... 4-70 33 4.5.2.1 WST Operations .......................................................................... 4-70 34 4.5.2.2 WST-Related Accident Scenarios ............................................... 4-71 35 4.5.2.3 Cumulative Impacts .................................................................... 4-71 36

4.5.3 Alternative 3—Allow Use of WSTs with No Open Ocean 37 Discharge of WST Fluids ........................................................................... 4-71 38 4.5.3.1 WST Operations .......................................................................... 4-72 39 4.5.3.2 WST-Related Accident Scenarios ............................................... 4-73 40 4.5.3.3 Cumulative Impacts .................................................................... 4-73 41

4.5.4 Alternative 4 No Action—No WST Use on Existing OCS Leases ............ 4-73 42 4.5.4.1 Operations Excluding WSTs ....................................................... 4-73 43 4.5.4.2 Accident Scenarios Excluding WSTs ......................................... 4-76 44 4.5.4.3 Cumulative Impacts .................................................................... 4-76 45

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4.6 Summary of Environmental Effects ........................................................................ 4-77 4 4.7 References ............................................................................................................... 4-81 5

6 5 LIST OF PREPARERS.................................................................................................... 5-1 7 8 APPENDIX: COMMENT RESPONSE ............................................................................... A-1 9 10 11

FIGURES 12 13 14 ES-1 Locations of Current Lease Areas and Platforms Operating on the Southern 15

California OCS Planning Area................................................................................... ES-6 16 17 1-1 Locations of Current Lease Areas and Platforms Operating on the POCS ............... 1-2 18 19 2-1 Locations of Current Lease Areas and Platforms Operating on the POCS ............... 2-2 20 21 3-1 Locations of Current Lease Areas, Platforms, and Pipelines of the POCS ............... 3-2 22 23 3-2 Map of the POCS Region Showing the Offshore Geologic Basins ........................... 3-5 24 25 3-3 Location, Geologic Plays, and Oil Fields of the Santa Maria Basin .......................... 3-6 26 27 3-4 Stratigraphy of the Santa Maria Basin ....................................................................... 3-7 28 29 3-5 Location of the Santa Barbara–Ventura Basin ........................................................... 3-9 30 31 3-6 Major Producing Formations in the Santa Barbara–Ventura Basin and the 32

Fields from Which They Produce .............................................................................. 3-11 33 34 3-7 Location of the San Pedro Shelf and Basin ............................................................... 3-13 35 36 3-8 Stratigraphy of the San Pedro Shelf and Basin Region ............................................. 3-14 37 38 3-9 Quaternary Faults in the California Borderland Region ............................................ 3-16 39 40 3-10 Seismicity of the Offshore California Borderland Region ........................................ 3-17 41 42 3-11 Characteristic Oceanic Circulation in, and Sources of Water of, the Southern 43

California Bight ......................................................................................................... 3-29 44 45 3-12 Groundfish EFH Designated by the PFMC and NMFS ............................................. 3-43 46


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FIGURES (Cont.) 1 2 3 3-13 EFH for Coastal Pelagic Managed Species as Designated by the PFMC 4

and NMFS .................................................................................................................. 3-45 5 6 3-14 EFH for Highly Migratory Managed Species as Designated by the PFMC 7

and NMFS .................................................................................................................. 3-46 8 9 3-15 Commercial Fishing Blocks in the Project Area ........................................................ 3-69 10 11 3-16 Areas of Special Concern along the Southern Pacific Coast ..................................... 3-75 12 13 3-17 Military Use Areas along the Southern Pacific Coast ............................................... 3-78 14 15 3-18 State-Designated MPAs along the Southern Pacific Coast ........................................ 3-80 16 17 4-1 Locations of Current Lease Areas and Platforms Operating on the POCS ............... 4-2 18 19 20

TABLES 21 22 23 ES-1 Comparison of Potential Effects among Alternatives from Routine 24

Use of WSTs .............................................................................................................. ES-12 25 26 ES-2 Comparison of Likelihood of Occurrence of WST-Related Accidents among 27

Alternatives ................................................................................................................ ES-14 28 29 3-1 Production and Processing Platforms on the Southern California Outer 30

Continental Shelf ....................................................................................................... 3-3 31 32 3-2 Major Producing Formations and Associated Fields on the POCS ........................... 3-10 33 34 3-3 California Ambient Air Quality Standards and National Ambient Air Quality 35

Standards .................................................................................................................... 3-22 36 37 3-4 Summary of State and Federal Attainment Designation Status for Criteria 38

Pollutants in Santa Barbara, Ventura, Los Angeles, and Orange Counties ............... 3-23 39 40 3-5 2012 Estimated Annual-Average Emissions of Criteria Pollutants and Reactive 41

Organic Gases, by County and by Source Category .................................................. 3-25 42 43 3-6 Concentrations of Chemical Constituents in Produced Water Samples from 44

Platforms on the POCS .............................................................................................. 3-33 45 46


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TABLES (Cont.) 1 2 3 3-7 Fishery Management Plans with Designated Essential Fish Habitat ......................... 3-42 4 5 3-8 Species Management Groups and Habitat Areas of Particular Concern 6

Designated by the Pacific Fisheries Management Council ........................................ 3-44 7 8 3-9 Marine Mammals of Southern California .................................................................. 3-49 9 10 3-10 Density and Abundance of Most Frequently Observed Small Cetacean 11

Species off Southern California in Shallow Water Depths ........................................ 3-53 12 13 3-11 Seal Haulout and Rookery Sites ................................................................................ 3-54 14 15 3-12 Special-Status Marine and Coastal Birds within or near the Project Area ................ 3-59 16 17 3-13 Annual Reported Landing Weights and Landing Values for the Commercial 18

Fishery in the Santa Barbara Reporting Area, 2000–2013 ........................................ 3-70 19 20 3-14 Estimated Total Catch of Fish Caught by Marine Recreational Anglers in the 21

California Channel District, 2010–2014 .................................................................... 3-72 22 23 3-15 Estimated Total Catch of Fish Caught by Marine Recreational Anglers in the 24

California Southern District, 2010–2014 ................................................................... 3-73 25 26 3-16 Economic Impacts of Travel in Counties of the Southern Pacific Coast, 2014 ......... 3-82 27 28 3-17 Employment and Wages in Ocean-Related Recreation and Tourism Sector 29

in the Southern Coastal Counties, 2012 ..................................................................... 3-82 30 31 3-18 Minority and Low-Income Population Percentage for 2014 within the 32

Region of Influence .................................................................................................... 3-83 33 34 3-19 Population within the Region of Influence ................................................................ 3-84 35 36 3-20 Average Civilian Labor Force Statistics for 2014 ..................................................... 3-85 37 38 3-21 Paid Employees by Industry within the Region of Influence, 2013 .......................... 3-85 39 40 3-22 Personal Income within the Region of Influence ....................................................... 3-86 41 42 3-23 2014 Average Housing Characteristics for the Region of Influence ......................... 3-86 43 44 4-1 WST Applications on the POCS ................................................................................ 4-4 45 46


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TABLES (Cont.) 1 2 3 4-2 Hydrocarbon/Produced Water Separation and Produced Water Disposal on 4

Platforms on the POCS .............................................................................................. 4-7 5 6 4-3 WST Activities, Associated Impacting Factors, and Potential Effects 7

Included for Analysis in This PEA ............................................................................ 4-10 8 9 4-4 Potential Accident Events during Transport and Delivery of WST Chemicals 10

and Fluids ................................................................................................................... 4-12 11 12 4-5 Impacting Factors for Potential Accident Events during Transport 13

and Delivery of WST Chemicals and Fluids ............................................................. 4-13 14 15 4-6 Potential Accident Events during WST Fluid Injection ............................................ 4-14 16 17 4-7 Impacting Factors for Potential Accidents during WST Fluid Injection ................... 4-16 18 19 4-8 Potential Accident Events during Handling, Processing, and Disposal 20

of WST Waste Fluids ................................................................................................. 4-18 21 22 4-9 Potential Impacting Factors for Accidents during Handling, Processing, 23

and Disposal of WST Waste Fluids ........................................................................... 4-18 24 25 4-10 Potential Secondary Effects during Response and Cleanup Activities ...................... 4-19 26 27 4-11 Chemical Composition of Additives in Fracturing Fluids ......................................... 4-29 28 29 4-12 Most Commonly Reported Hydraulic Fracturing Components 30

in California ............................................................................................................... 4-30 31 32 4-13 Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid Composition ................................................................... 4-31 33 34 4-14 Matrix Acidizing Fluid Composition ......................................................................... 4-33 35 36 4-15 NPDES Effluent Limitations and Monitoring Requirements .................................... 4-35 37 38 4-16 Well Treatment Injection Volumes and Associated Produced Water Volumes 39

Reported on DMRs in 2014 and 2015 ....................................................................... 4-40 40 41 4-17 Composition of Well Treatment Injection Fluids and Estimated Constituent 42

Concentrations in Produced Water Discharged from Platform Harmony from 43 Recent Well Stimulation Treatments ......................................................................... 4-41 44

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TABLES (Cont.) 1 2 3 4-18 Potential Effects on Water Quality of WST-Related Platform Discharges ............... 4-45 4 5 4-19 Potential Effects on Water Quality of WST-Related Accidents ................................ 4-49 6 7 4-20 Potential Effects of Regulated Discharges of WST-Related Fluids from 8

Offshore Oil and Gas Facilities on Several Federally Listed Marine 9 Mammals.................................................................................................................... 4-56 10

11 4-21 Potential Effects of Regulated Discharge of WST-Related Fluids from 12

Offshore Oil and Gas Facilities on Select Federally Listed Marine and 13 Coastal Birds .............................................................................................................. 4-58 14

15 4-22 Potential Effects of Regulated Discharges of WST-Related Fluids from 16

Offshore Oil and Gas Facilities on Federally Listed Sea Turtles .............................. 4-61 17 18 4-23 Summary Comparison of Potential Effects among Alternatives ............................... 4-78 19 20 4-24 Comparison of Likelihood of Occurrence of WST-Related Accidents 21

among Alternatives .................................................................................................... 4-80 22 23 5-1 List of Preparers ......................................................................................................... 5-1 24 25 A-1 Major Topics Raised by Commenters on the Draft PEA ........................................... A-3 26 27 A-2 Commenter-Issue Index ............................................................................................. A-40 28 29 30


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NOTATION 1 2 3 The following is a list of acronyms, abbreviations, and units of measure used in this 4 document. Some acronyms used only in tables may be defined only in those tables. 5 6 7 GENERAL ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 8 9 APD application for permit to drill 10 API American Petroleum Institute 11 APM application for permit to modify 12 AQRV 13 ARB Air Resources Board 14 ATCM Airborne Toxic Control Measure 15 16 BOEM Bureau of Ocean Energy Management 17 BOP blowout preventer 18 BSEE Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement 19 20 CAA Clean Air Act 21 CAAA Clean Air Act Amendments 22 CAAQS California Ambient Air Quality Standards 23 CCAA California Clean Air Act 24 CCC California Coastal Commission 25 CCST California Council on Science and Technology 26 CDFW California Department of Fish and Wildlife 27 CEQ Council on Environmental Quality 28 CFR Code of Federal Regulations 29 CMLPAI California Marine Life Protection Act Initiative 30 COA corresponding onshore area 31 CPFV commercial passenger fishing vessel 32 CT crystobalite/tridymite 33 CWA Clean Water Act 34 35 DFIT Diagnostic Fracture Injection Test 36 DOE U.S. Department of Energy 37 DOGGR Division of Oil, Gas, and Geothermal Resources 38 DOI U.S. Department of the Interior 39 DMR Discharge Monitoring Report 40 DPM diesel particulate matter 41 DPS distinct population segment 42 43 EA environmental assessment 44 EC50 exposure concentration, toxic response in 50% of test organisms 45 EDS Endangered Species Act 46


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EEZ exclusive economic zone 1 EFH essential fish habitat 2 EIS environmental impact statement 3 E.O. Executive Order 4 EOR enhanced oil recovery 5 EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 6 ESA Endangered Species Act of 1972 7 ESU evolutionarily significant unit 8 eWell eWell Permitting and Reporting System 9 10 FCMA Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 11 FMP Fishery Management Plan 12 FR Federal Register 13 14 GHG greenhouse gas 15 GIS geographic information system 16 GWP global warming potential 17 GWPC Ground Water Protection Council 18 19 HAPC habitat area of particular concern 20 21 IOGCC Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Commission 22 23 LC50 lethal concentration, 50% of test organisms 24 25 MBTA Migratory Bird Treaty Act 26 MMPA Marine Mammal Protection Act 27 MPA Marine Protected Area 28 29 NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards 30 NCDC National Climatic Data Center 31 NEPA National Environmental Policy Act 32 NERR national estuarine research reserve 33 NHPA National Historic Preservation Act 34 NMFS National Marine Fisheries Service 35 NMS national marine sanctuary 36 NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 37 NP national park 38 NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System 39 NRHP National Register of Historic Places 40 NTL Notice to Lessee 41 NWR national wildlife refuge 42 43 O&G oil and gas 44 OCS Outer Continental Shelf 45 OCSLA Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act 46


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OPD Office of Production and Development 1 2 PFMC Pacific Fishery Management Council 3 PM particulate matter 4 PM10 particulate matter less than 10 microns in diameter 5 PM2.5 fine particulates less than 2.5 microns in diameter 6 POTW publicly owned treatment works 7 PSD prevention of significant deterioration 8 PSV platform supply vessel 9 PXP Plains Exploration and Development Company 10 ROG reactive organic gas 11 12 SB-4 State of California Senate Bill No. 4 13 SBCAPCD Santa Barbara County Air Pollution Control District 14 SCAQMD South Coast Air Quality Management District 15 SCB Southern California Bight 16 SCS southern California steelhead 17 SCSN Southern California Seismic Network 18 SMCA state marine conservation area 19 SMR state marine reserve 20 SPE Society of Petroleum Engineers 21 spp. species 22 23 U.S.C. United States Code 24 USCG U.S. Coast Guard 25 USFWS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 26 USGS U.S. Geological Survey 27 28 VCAPCD Ventura County Air Pollution and Control District 29 VOC volatile organic compound 30 31 WA wilderness area 32 WET whole effluent toxicity 33 WST well stimulation treatment 34 35 36 CHEMICALS 37 38 AMPS 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid copolymer 39 40 BTEX benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene 41 42 CH4 methane 43 CMIT 5-chloro-2-methyl-3(2H)-isothiazolone 44 CO carbon monoxide 45 CO2 carbon dioxide 46


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CO2e carbon dioxide equivalent 1 2 DDT dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane 3 4 EC elemental carbon 5 6 H2S hydrogen sulfide 7 H3BO3 boric acid 8 HCl hydrochloric acid 9 HF hydrofluoric acid 10 HFCs hydrofluorocarbons 11 12 KCl potassium chloride 13 14 N2O nitrous oxide 15 NF3 nitrogen trifluoride 16 NO2 nitrogen dioxide 17 NOx nitrogen oxides 18 19 O3 ozone 20 OC organic carbon 21 22 PAH polyaromatic hydrocarbon 23 PAM polyacrylamide 24 Pb lead 25 PCB polychlorinated biphenyl 26 PFC perfluorocarbon 27 28 SF6 sulfur hexafluoride 29 SiO2 quartz, silicon dioxide 30 SO2 sulfur dioxide 31 SOx sulfur oxides 32 33 34 35


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UNITS OF MEASURE 1 2 µm micron 3 μg/m3 micrograms per cubic meter 4 5 ac acre 6 7 Bbbl billion barrels 8 bbl barrel(s) 9 10 C Celsius 11 cm centimeter(s) 12 13 F Fahrenheit 14 ft foot (feet) 15 16 g gram(s) 17 gal gallon(s) 18 19 hr hour(s) 20 21 in. inch(es) 22 23 km kilometer(s) 24 km2 square kilometer(s) 25

L liter(s) lb pound m meter(s) m3 cubic meter(s) mg milligram(s) mi mile(s) mi2 square mile(s) min minute(s) mm millimeter(s) MMT million metric ton(s) mph mile(s) per hour mt metric ton(s) ppb parts per billion ppm parts per million Tcf trillion cubic feet yr year(s) 26


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Documents

12 SAVANNAH RIVER SITE: AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ANDpocswellstim.evs.anl.gov/documents/final-pea-front-matter.pdf · Final Programmatic EA May 2016 iii 1 CONTENTS 2 3 4 NOTATION