12 Rn2010en13 Bsspar1 s13 Chapter 12 (e)Gprs v1.1

Slide 1Give an overview of system principles
Explain parameters required for enabling GPRS/EGPRS
Explain the parameter for EGPRS resource allocation and the setting of CS and PS territory parameters
Describe parameters for TSL utilization and TBF release delay
Summarize parameters controlling link adaptation in GPRS and EGPRS
Describe the parameters used for multiplexing
Explain how power control is done in EGPRS and the parameters controlling it
Presentation / Author
SGSN
GGSN
Charging & statistics
Border Gateway
Enables GPRS roaming
Domain Name Server
Makes IP network configuration easier
In GPRS backbone SGSN uses DNS to get GGSN and SGSN IP addresses
Two DNS servers in the backbone to provide redundancy
Legal Interception Gateway
Chasing criminal activity
LI is required when launching the GPRS service
Gf
D
Gi
Gn
Gb
Gc
C
E
Gp
Gs
Signaling Interface
1 TDMA frame = 4.615 ms
= BURST PERIOD
RLC/MAC Blocks
TDMA Bursts
RLC Blocks
4 x TDMA Frames = 4 Bursts = 1 Radio block = 1-2 RLC block(s)
Note: Amount of RLC blocks per radio block depends on used (modulation) coding scheme (M)CS
12 x RLC/MAC Blocks = 1 x 52 PDCH MultiFrame = 240 ms
12 radio Blocks / 0.240 s = 50 RLC/MAC Blocks / s
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* © Nokia Siemens Networks
(E)GPRS Logical Channels
No new EGPRS parameters related to logical channels! AGCH PCH setting affect both GSM voice and data.
GPRS Air Interface Logical Channels
CCCH
GPRS Attach / Detach
RA / LA Update
PDP Context Activation
Ready State Timer (RDY) – Default: 44 seconds
STANDBY state timer (STBY) – Default: 44 seconds
Periodic update timer (PER) = default 54 minutes
Force to Standby (FTS) – Default: N
Detach timer (DET) – Default: 00 hours – 00 minutes
MS Reachable Timer (MSRT) – Default: 120 minutes
Routing Areas are used for GPRS Mobility Management
A RA is a subset of one, and only one, Location Area
A RA is served by only one SGSN
For simplicity, the LA and RA can be the same
Routing area identification
(RAI) = MCC+MNC+LAC+RAC
Routing Areas are created in the BSS Radio Network Configuration Database (BSDATA)
NSN SGSN parameters related to RA:
Periodic RA Update Timer (PRAU) – Default: 54 minutes
RA Paging Area (RPA) – Default: 2
RA Paging Repetition (RPR) – Default: 3.5 seconds
GPRS Attach procedure is used for the following two purposes:
a normal GPRS Attach - attach the IMSI for GPRS services only
a combined GPRS Attach - attach the IMSI for GPRS and non-GPRS services (needs Gs interface)
Attach procedure description
If network accepts, it sends Attach Accept
If network does not accept it sends Attach Rejected
MS can respond for Attach Accept message with Attach Complete (if P-TMSI changes)
Attach Request
Attach Accept
PDP Context (Packet Data Protocol):
Network level information which is used to bind a mobile station (MS) to various PDP addresses and to unbind the mobile station from these addresses after use
PDP Context Activation
Initiated by the MS
Contains QoS and routing information enabling data transfer between MS and GGSN
PDP Context Activation and Deactivation should occur within 2 seconds
PDP Context Request
Temporary Block Flow (TBF):
Physical connection where multiple mobile stations can share one or more traffic channels – each MS has own TFI (Temporary Flow Indicator)
The traffic channel is dedicated to one mobile station at a time (one mobile station is transmitting or receiving at a time)
Is a one-way session for packet data transfer between MS and BSC (PCU)
Uses either uplink or downlink but not both (except for associated signaling)
Can use one or more TSLs
Comparison with circuit-switched:
normally one connection uses both the uplink and the downlink timeslot(s) for traffic
In two-way data transfer:
uplink and downlink data are sent in separate TBFs - as below
BSC
PACCH (Packet Associated Control Channel): Similar to GSM CS SACCH
(E)GPRS Territory
Free TSL Size
Territories consists of consecutive timeslots (starting from RTSL7)
GPRS dedicated time slots (CDED) can be defined. Only (E)GPRS can use them.
PS territory TRX has to be defined by enabling the GTRX parameter
Dedicated territory (CDEF) is subset of Default territory
The Maximum GPRS capacity (CMAX) defined the total maximum size for the (E)GPRS territory
Dedicated GPRS Capacity (%)
GTRX=Y
PS traffic
Nr of TBFs per Radio timeslot can get above the allowed threshold () and the territory will be upgraded (if possible)
CS traffic
CS has priority over PS outside the dedicated territory and can downgrade the territory
The amount of timeslots for data will depend also on the parameters
CSU - Free TSL for CS Upgrade
CSD - Free TSL for CS Downgrade (CSD)
Territory upgrade in interval of Territory Upgrade Guard Time (both for upgrade and downgrade)
Territory downgrade forced by the Circuit Switched traffic
Territory upgrade in interval of Territory Upgrade Guard Time. Valid for upgrades / downgrades due to (E)GPRS traffic.
Default GPRS capacity threshold
Default GPRS Capacity (%)
Maximum GPRS Capacity (%)
PSW Activation
TRX
Channel Allocation Parameters
TRX priority in TCH allocation (TRP)
Free TSLs
BSC
Free TSL for CS Upgrade (CSU) Free TSL for CS Downgrade (CSD)
Dedicated GPRS Capacity (CDED) – timeslots only for PS (no CS)
Default GPRS Capacity (CDEF) - timeslots primarily for PS (CS can overtake)
MAX GPRS Capacity (CMAX) – maximum territory size
CDED/CDEF/CMAX percentage is converted to TSL by multiplying it with all FR traffic capable TSLs (FR/DR) of the cell where GTRX=Y.
Signaling and HR TSLs of TRXs (where GTRX=Y) are not taken into account in the calculation.
The product of CDED/CDEF/CMAX and FR capable TSLs (GTRX=Y) is rounded down to a whole number
Rounding up will take place only when CDED/CDEF/CMAX value > 0% and rounding would result to 0.
Territory size (TSL) =
Territory setting parameters - example
Table below provides example how same parameter setting can result different territory sizes with different GRTX/TRX configurations
Any setting 1…20% of CDEF with 1 TRX configuration (GTRX=1) will result 1 TSL territory.
# of TRXs (GTRX=Y)
1
2
2
3
TRX priority in TCH allocation (TRP) - voice
TRP defines whether the BCCH TRX or other TRXs are preferred in traffic channel allocation.
Values
0 (No prioritization between TRXs, all TRXs are treated equally in TCH allocation)
1 (Traffic channel is allocated primarily from the BCCH TRX.)
2 (Traffic channel is allocated primarily from another TRX than the BCCH TRX)
3 (Traffic channel is allocated primarily from the BCCH TRX for the non-AMR users and for the AMR users primarily beyond the BCCH TRX)
Default
Prefer BCCH frequency GPRS (BFG) - data
BFG defines whether the BCCH TRX or other TRXs are preferred in GPRS channel allocation.
Values
1 (GPRS channels are allocated primarily from the BCCH TRX),
2 (GPRS channels are allocated primarily beyond the BCCH TRX)
Default
An example how to allocate voice primarily to nonBCCH and
data to BCCH (because of EGPRS capability of BCCH TRX):
BTS ID
TRX ID
TRX capability
Free TSL Size (after CS Upgrade and Downgrade)
When a downgrade or upgrade procedure is requested, then the CSD and CSU parameters can reduce or increase the border between CSW and PSW territories.
Abis Basic Concepts
PCM frame (E1)
One 64 kbit/s (8 bits) channel in PCM frame is called timeslot (TSL)
One 16 kbit/s (2bits) channel timeslot is Sub-TSL
PCM frame has 32 (E1) or 26 (E1) TSLs
One Radio timeslot corresponds one 16 kbit/s Sub-TSL (BCCH, TCH/F etc.) and one TRX takes two TSLs from Abis
One TRX has dedicated TRXsig of 16, 32 or 64 kbit/s
One BCF has dedicated BCFsig (16 or 64 kbit/s) for O&M
TRX1
Also named EDAP
Predefined size 1-24 PCM TSL per DAP (Typically used range from 4 to 8 TSL)
DAP can be shared by several TRXs in the same BCF (and same E1/T1)
Max 20 TRXs per DAP
Max 1600 DAPs per BSC3i 2000
DAP + TRXsig + TCHs have to be in same PCM
UL and DL DAP use is independent
DAP schedule rounds for each active Radio Block
Different users/RTSLs can use same DAP Sub-TSL
TRX1
TRX2
TRX3
EGPRS
pool
dynamic abis pool ID (DAP)
Used for indicating the dynamic Abis pool ID. This can be given only if the site type is Nokia MetroSite, Nokia UltraSite or Nokia FlexiEDGE.
Dynamic Abis Pool (DAP) radio network object parameters
BCSU ID (BCSU)
This parameter identifies the base station signaling unit where the physical PCU card is installed and which should be attached to the logical PCU object
PCU index (PCU)
This parameter identifies the packet control unit logical index of the physical card.
circuit (CRCT)
The parameter defines the Abis interface ET-PCM number and the time slots reserved from the ET-PCM for the dynamic Abis pool. The pool size is from 1 to 24 ET-PCM TSLs.
new first time slot (NFT)
This parameter defines the new first time slot.
new last time slot (NLT)
This parameter defines the new last time slot.
Network Service Entity Identifier (NSEI)
packet service entity identifier (PSEI)
This parameter identifies the Packet Service Entity object in the BSC (PSE). The Packet Service Entity Identifier (PSEI) is used in the BSS to determine Packet Control Pool (PCP).
pool identification (ID)
This parameter identifies the Pool id of the ACP object.
pool size (SIZE)
PRFILE PCU Telecom Parameters
Parameter 046: 0047 - 0054
Functionality of EGPRS DL requests:
These parameters are used by the RLC ACK algorithm to determine how frequently the PCU polls the mobile station having a TBF in EGPRS mode.
The PCU has a counter, which is incremented by one whenever an RLC data block is transmitted for the first time
The counter is incremented by (1 + EGPRS_DOWNLINK_PENALTY) whenever a negatively acknowledged RLC data block is retransmitted.
The mobile station is polled when the counter exceeds the threshold value of EGPRS_DOWNLINK_THRESHOLD.
PCU
Transmission and acknowledgement
MS is not expecting to receive NACK for the transmitted block until (max(BS_CV_MAX,1) – 1) in RLC/MAC block period (20ms).
So the NACK in the PACKET UPLINK ACK/NACK message will be ignored, if the round trip time is less than (max(BS_CV_MAX,1) – 1).
If the BS_CV_MAX is e.g. 9, than the RTT will be (9-1)*20ms ->160ms
BS_CV_MAX is also impacting T3200 (MS timer), N3104 (MS timer) and Countdown procedure
TBF Release Delay
If there is not any RLC/MAC block received, the TBF will not be released immediately, but it can be kept alive for a given time period.
There are two modifiable parameters related to Delayed TBF feature among PRFILE parameters:
DL_TBF_RELEASE_DELAY (0,1-5sec, def 1s) Parameter 46:0067
Adjust the delay in downlink TBF release.
During DL delay period the possibly following uplink TBF can be established faster and frequent releases and re-establishments of downlink TBF can be avoided
UL_TBF_RELEASE_DELAY (0,1-3sec, def 0,5s) Parameter 46:0068
This parameter is used to adjust the delay in uplink TBF release.
During UL delay period following downlink TBF can be established faster.
EUTM is Rel4 feature - MS support required.
If EUTM is activated (MML: ZWOA,PRFILE) and MS supports it the UL TBF Release parameter is ignored.
UL_TBF_REL_DELAY_EXT
This parameter defines the uplink TBF release delay time for mobile stations supporting the Extended UL TBF Mode.
Default value: 1000D
UL_TBF_SCHED_RATE_EXT
This parameter defines how often a USF is scheduled for the MS during the inactivity period in Extended UL TBF Mode. Parameter value unit is 20 ms (block period). Eg. value 5 means 100 ms (5 block periods).
Default value: 5D
MS
EUTM delay timer starts
UL dummy control block
EUTM delay timer expires
PACKET CONTROL ACK
UL TBF terminated
UL TBF extended state
Short description:
Countdown procedure is ongoing. EUTM supporting mobile is allowed to recalculate CV during procedure, if it gets more data to send. PCU notices this by monitoring Block Sequence Number (BSN) and Countdown value (CV) sent by MS.
After receiving CV=0 block PCU starts UL extended state. It sends Packet Uplink Ack/Nack message to MS with no Final Ack Indicator (FAI) on, but acknowledging all received blocks.
During UL extended state PCU schedules USFs for MS according adjustable scheduling rate parameter. If MS has no new data to send it sends UL dummy control blocks on its sending turn.
When UL extended state ends, according adjustable release delay parameter, PCU sends Packet Uplink Ack/Nack message to MS with Final Ack Indicator (FAI) on.
UL TBF Schedule Rate Ext
Schedule USF turn for MS
Short description:
Countdown procedure is ongoing. After receiving CV=0 block PCU starts UL extended state. It sends Packet Uplink Ack/Nack message to MS with no Final Ack Indicator (FAI) on, but acknowledging all received blocks.
During UL extended state PCU schedules USFs for MS according adjustable scheduling rate parameter. If MS has no new data to send it sends UL dummy control blocks on its sending turn.
When MS gets new data to send during extended state, it sends UL data block with new BSN, and also new CV value when needed. Due BSN PCU knows that new UL LLC is to be sent by MS, and UL TBF continues as normally.
MS continues data transfer on TBF
UL TBF extended state
EUTM delay timer starts
Data block with new BSN and CV
Schedule USF turn for MS
EUTM delay timer stopped,
Data block
GPRS Coding Schemes
CS1 & CS2 – Implemented in all NSN BTS without HW change
CS1 & CS4 – S11.5 (with PCU2) and UltraSite BTS SW CX4.1 CD1 (Talk does not support CS3 and CS4)
NSN GPRS
Introduction with PCU1
The coding scheme will change based on BLER Thresholds.
The BLER thresholds are defined by simulations and change from hopping to non hopping networks
X
where:
8.0 kbps is the theoretical maximum bit rate for CS-1
12.0 kbps is the theoretical maximum bit rate for CS-2
BLER_CP_CS1 is the block error rate at the crosspoint when CS-1 is used
BLER_CP_CS2 is the block error rate at the crosspoint when CS-2 is used
Averaging is based on 10 RLC/MAC blocks
The parameters on the following slides correspond to the BLER_CP_CS1.
C/I (dB)
RLC/MAC throughput
GPRS Coding Scheme No Hopping (COD)
The selection of Coding Scheme in RLC Acknowledged mode is indicated (frequency hopping is not used).
Range: Link Adaptation used (0),
CS-1 used (1),
CS-2 used (2).
DL BLER Crosspoint for CS Selection Non Hopping (DLB)
The RLC BLER (block error rate percentage) for CS-1 channel coding is indicated.
At this point CS-1 and CS-2 give the same effective bit rate and Coding Scheme selection criteria in RLC Acknowledged mode for downlink TBFs changes.
The parameter is meaningful only if link adaptation is used in case of no frequency hopping.
Range: 0...100 %, step 1 % . Default: 90%
UL BLER Crosspoint for CS Selection Non Hopping (ULB)
Same as above but for UL
GPRS Coding Scheme Hopping (CODH)
The selection of Coding Scheme in RLC Acknowledged mode is indicated (frequency hopping is used).
Range: Link Adaptation used (0), CS-1 used (1), CS-2 used (2).
Default: Link Adaptation used (0)
DL BLER Crosspoint for CS Selection Hopping (DLBH)
The RLC BLER (block error rate percentage) for CS-1 channel coding is indicated.
At this point CS-1 and CS-2 give the same effective bit rate and Coding Scheme selection criteria in RLC Acknowledged mode for downlink TBFs changes.
The parameter is meaningful only if Link Adaptation and Frequency Hopping are used.
UL BLER Crosspoint for CS Selection Hopping (ULBH)
Same as above but for UL.
GPRS Link Adaptation Algorithm (CS1-2) Parameters with PCU1
Calculation of the cross point of CS1 and CS2 is based on the following formula: 8.0 kbps * (1 - BLER_CP_CS1) = 12 kbps * (1 - BLER_CP_CS2)
The below examples shows the relation CS1 and CS2 from BLER point of view:
COD (set to 2) with default DLB (set to 90%)
8.0 kbps * (1 - BLER_CP_CS1(DLB: 90%)) = 12 kbps * (1 - BLER_CP_CS2(calculated: 94,4%))
CS1 will be selected instead of CS2 if CS2 has worse BLER than 94.4 %
CODH (set to 2) with default DLBH (set to 20%)
8.0 kbps * (1 - BLER_CP_CS1(DLB: 20%)) = 12 kbps * (1 - BLER_CP_CS2(calculated: 46,6%))
CS1 will be selected instead of CS2 if CS2 has worse BLER than 46.6 %
Remark: When the LA algorithm is used, the initial CS value at the beginning of a TBF is CS-2.
DL adaptation probability threshold (DLA)
The allowed probability (%) is defined for the system to make a wrong decision in downlink adaptation.
UL adaptation probability threshold (ULA)
The allowed probability (%) is defined for the system to make a wrong decision in uplink adaptation.
Link Adaptation
The task of the LA algorithm is to select the optimal MCS for each radio condition to maximize RLC/MAC data rate, so the LA algorithm is used to adapt to situations where signal strength and / or C/I level is pure and changing within time
Normally, LA adapts to path loss and shadowing but not fast fading. IR is better suited to compensate fast fading
Incremental Redundancy
The retransmission process is based on Incremental Redundancy
LA must take into account if IR combining is performed at the receiver.
LA must take into account the effect of finite IR memory.
Family
BCS
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EGPRS MCS Families
The MCSs are divided into different families A, B and C
Each family has a different basic unit of payload: 37 (and 34), 28 and 22 octets respectively.
Different code rates within a family are achieved by transmitting a different number of payload units within one Radio Block.
For families A and B, 1 or 2 or 4 payload units are transmitted, for family C, only 1 or 2 payload units are transmitted
When 4 payload units are transmitted (MCS 7, MSC-8 and MCS-9), these are splitted into two separate RLC blocks (with separate sequence BSN numbers and BCS, Block Check Sequences)
The blocks are interleaved over two bursts only, for MCS-8 and MCS-9.
For MCS-7 the blocks are interleaved over four bursts
37 octets
37 octets
37 octets
37 octets
EGPRS Link Adaptation Enabled (ELA)
The EGPRS link adaptation can be enabled / disabled on cell level.
If disabled the system uses the MCS value defined by initial MCS for acknowledged mode or initial MCS for unacknowledged mode parameters or a lower MCS.
Range: EGPRS link adaptation is disabled (0), enabled for RLC acknowledged mode (1), enabled for RLC acknowledged and unacknowledged (2) .
Default: enabled for RLC acknowledged and unacknowledged (2)
Initial MCS for Acknowledged Mode (MCA)
Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) used at the beginning of a TBF for acknowledged mode. The parameter is used in EGPRS link adaptation.
Range: 1...9, step 1. Default: 6
Initial MCS for Unacknowledged Mode (MCU)
MCS used at the beginning of a TBF for unacknowledged mode. The parameter is used in EGPRS link adaptation
Remark
PCU1 uses always initial MCS value read from user parameter for new established TBF.
PCU2 uses last used MCS of previous TBF as initial MCS for new TBF in situation when opposite direction of TBF has been active from last TBF release to new TBF establishment (so the MS context has stayed stored in PCU2 memory), and if no BTS re-selection was done for opposite direction of TBF.
Maximum BLER in Acknowledged Mode (BLA)
This parameter indicates the maximum block error rate of first transmission in acknowledged mode. The parameter is used in EGPRS link adaptation.
Range: 10...100 %, step 1 %. Default: 90%
Maximum BLER in Unacknowledged Mode (BLU)
With this parameter you indicate the maximum block error rate in unacknowledged mode. The parameter is used in EGPRS link adaptation.
Range: 10...100 %, step 1 %. Default: 10%
Remark:
The BLA 90% means that the coding scheme selection is done by LA algorithm, if the BLER is less than 90%.
If the BLER is higher than 90%, then the decision of LA will be ignored and MCS will be downgraded
MBG and MBP parameters adjusts the MCS and modulation preferences.
Mean BEP Offset GMSK (MBG)
This is the offset added to reported GMSK mean BEP values before BEP table lookups.
The value applies to both uplink and downlink directions.
Range: -31...31, step 1. Default: 0
Mean BEP Offset 8PSK (MBP)
This is the offset added to reported 8PSK mean BEP values before BEP table lookups.
The value applies to both uplink and downlink directions.
Range: -31...31, step 1. Default: 0
Parameters
The matrix shows an example how the MCSs are selected based on GMSK_CV_BEP and GMSK_MEAN_BEP figures.
More tables are available from NED/NOLS
MBG can be used to move the selection decision information to both directions to have more robust or less robust CS decision for the same GMSK_CV_BEP and GMSK_MEAN_BEP figures.
MBG with positive values
MBG with negative values
GMSK_CV_BEP GMSK_MEAN_BEP
Example of coding schemes modification by the LA algorithm in various radio
environment during drive tests in Helsinki
EGPRS Link Adaptation
TSL sharing
The max amount of TBFs per TSL can be limited by the following parameters:
Maximum Number of DL TBF (MNDL)
This parameter defines the maximum number of TBFs that a radio time slot can have in a GPRS territory, in the downlink direction.
Maximum Number of UL TBF (MNUL)
This parameter defines the maximum number of TBFs that a radio time slot can have in a GPRS territory, in the uplink direction.
DL TSLs in (E)GPRS/GPRS multiplexing
In PCU2 USF Granularity 4 is used, meaning that 1 block carrying USF signaling to GPRS TBF assigns transmission turn to GPRS TBF for 4 consecutive UL radio blocks.
Originally 4 DL 8-PSK TSLs (TSL 4-7) were used, but now TSL 6 and 7 are GMSK modulated, because of USF is pointed to GPRS MS
Originally 4 DL 8-PSK TSLs (TSL 4-7) were used, but now TSL6 and 7 are GMSK modulated, because of USF is pointed to GPRS MS
USF 4 not in use
USF 4 in use
Territory upgrade/downgrade
The algorithm checks the need for re-allocation in given period defined by TBF_LOAD_GUARD_THRSHLD, in order to separate TBFs.
The Territory Upgrade/Downgrade procedure is performed with three parameters:
X1: 1.5, X2: 1, X3: 0.5
The PS RRM request an upgrade when the average number of TBF's per TSL in the PS territory is greater than X1 (and Default territory is already allocated)
The target average number of TBFs in the PS territory is defined by X2
When the average number of TBF per TSL in the PS territory is less than X3, the PS RRM will request a GPRS downgrade. (but only as far as the default boundary)
PRFILE modifiable parameter (default=50; values 0-255)
GPRS Territory Update Guard Timer (GTUGT, default: 5s)
This parameter defines the time which must elapse between two subsequent territory updates.
Example:
The average number of TBF / TSL is 1.75 on the TRX below, so there will be a territory upgrade request to achieve 1 TBF / TSL ratio
TSL0
TSL1
TSL2
TSL3
TSL4
TSL5
TSL6
TSL7
signaling
TBF1
Saves battery power
Open loop power control – UL TX powers based on MS received signal level (DL).
No DL PC available yet
UL PC Parameters
Alpha: determines the slope by which the downlink RX_Level affects the MS power
Gamma : determines the minimum MS output power
IFP : changes the averaging for the field strength values in idle mode
TFP: changes the averaging for the field strength values in transfer mode
PCH = min(G0 - GCH - a*(C + 48),PMAX)
GCH, sets the minimum power level
Range 0…62
a, sets the slope for the uplink power
level
Default 7 (GSM900) , 8 (GSM1800)
C, received signal level
G0, 39(GSM900), 36 (GSM1800)
Packet Idle Mode Signal Strength Filter Period 0…25 9
Packet Transfer Mode Signal Strength Filter Period 0…25 13
Packet Transfer Mode
Packet Idle Mode
Point-to-Multipoint data
just been transmitting.
Point-to-Point data and
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15EDAPEDAPEDAPEDAP
16EDAPEDAPEDAPEDAP
17EDAPEDAPEDAPEDAP
18EDAPEDAPEDAPEDAP
19EDAPEDAPEDAPEDAP
20EDAPEDAPEDAPEDAP
21EDAPEDAPEDAPEDAP
22EDAPEDAPEDAPEDAP
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25TRXsig1TRXsig2
26TRXsig3
27BCFsig
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31
Q1-management
Scheme
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B0(0..3)
B1(4..7)
TRX number
TRX number
(CSD)
(CSU)

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12 Rn2010en13 Bsspar1 s13 Chapter 12 (e)Gprs v1.1