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PHOBIA

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Phobia

refers to a group of symptoms brought onby feared objects or situations

People can develop phobic reactions toanimals ,activities, or social situations.affect people of all ages, from all walks of

life, and in every part of the countrycan interfere with your ability to work,socialize, and go about a daily routine

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Symptoms

Feelings of panic, dread, horror, or terrorRecognition that the fear goes beyond normal

boundaries and the actual threat of dangerReactions that are automatic and uncontrollable,practically taking over the person's thoughtsRapid heartbeat, shortness of breath, trembling, andan overwhelming desire to flee the situation - all thephysical reactions associated with extreme fearExtreme measures taken to avoid the feared objector situation

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Categories of Phobias

3. Specific

people with a specific phobiagenerally have an irrational fear of specific objects or situations

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AGORAPHOBIA

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AGORAPHOBIA

fear of experiencing a difficult or embarrassingsituation from which the sufferer cannot

escapeAgoraphobia occurs about twice as commonlyamong women than men (Magee et al., 1996

Agoraphobics are often extremely sensitized totheir own bodily sensations, subconsciouslyover-reacting to perfectly normal events

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Symptoms

Fear of being aloneFear of losing control in a public placeFear of being in places where escape might be difficult

Becoming housebound for prolonged periods of timeFeelings of detachment or estrangement from othersFeelings of helplessnessDependence on othersFeeling that the body is unrealFeeling that the environment is unrealAnxiety or panic attack (acute severe anxiety)Unusual temper or agitation with trembling ortwitching

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Symptoms Lightheadedness, near faintingDizzinessExcessive sweatingSkin flushingBreathing difficultyChest painHeartbeat sensationsNausea and vomiting

Numbness and tinglingConfused or disordered thoughts Intense fear of going crazy Intense fear of dying

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Treatment

There are three main types of treatment foragoraphobia:

1. TherapyBehavior and cognitive therapy are thetreatments of choice for agoraphobia

2. Medicationsantianxiety medication.3. Combination of therapy and medications

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SOCIAL PHOBIA

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Social Phobia an experience of fear, apprehension orworry regarding social situations and being

evaluated by othersexcessive long-lasting social anxietycausing relatively extreme distress and

impaired ability to function in at least someareas of daily life

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Signs and Symptoms

Blushingsweating (hyperhidrosis)TremblingNauseaStammeringPalpitationsshaking

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Causes

Genetic and family factorsSocial experiencesSocial/cultural influencesEvolutionary contextNeurochemical and neurocognitiveinfluencesPsychological factors

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Treatment

Pharmacological treatments Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) Reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase

subtype A (RIMAs)

Benzodiazepines beta-blockers

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SPECIFIC PHOBIA

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Definition

extreme fear of a specific object or situationthat is out of proportion to the actual danger

or threatgeneric term for any kind of anxiet disorderthat amounts to an unreasonable or

irrational fear related to exposure to specificobjects or situations

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Signs & Symptoms

feelings of anxietyFear

panicTachycardiaTachypneaHyperhydrosispalpitations

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Causes

Learning History Direct Learning Experiences Observational Learning Experiences Informational Learning

Psychological Factors Attention and Memory Beliefs and Interpretations about Feared Objects and

Situations Avoidance and other Anxious Behaviors

Biological Factors

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Categories of Specific Phobias

Animal TypeNatural Environment Type

Situational TypeBlood injection or Injury TypeOther

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Treatment

Psychological Treatments Exposure to Feared Situation/Systemic

desensitization Applied Muscle Tension Cognitive Therapy

Biological treatments

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Thank you andgood night