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It is thought that justice is equality, and so it is……
though not for everybody, but only for those who are equal
It is thought that inequality is just, for so indeed it is……
though not for everybody, but for those who are unequal
(Aristotle)
Students should be able to :
Describe the concept of justice, equity & equality
Identify ethical issues involved in justice & equality
Identify conflicts related to justice & equality
Identify the reason of the conflict
Justice : generally similar to fairness
Justice has to do with how human beings treat each other
Justice is past looking
Treatment is accordance with the condition/behavior of the related person
Justice is individualistic, collectivism is considered unethical
Distributive ensuring that each person receives a fair share of public
resources what can be considered as fair will depend on the concept of
just in the society
Procedural ensuring a fair process for making decisions and settling
disputes
Retributive ensures punishment of wrongdoers it is morally deserved for those individuals to suffer
proportionate punishment
Restorative attempts to repair harm done in the past
Social combination of the previous types as applied to a society
in which individuals and groups receive fair treatment and a just share of the benefits of society
Precondition of distributive justice scarcity of resources
technology developments
normativity : what should be right/wrong or good/bad
Libertarian what an individual
decides to do with his or her own property is just
resources should be allocated as reward system for the individual effort
individual freedom, minimum state intervention
Utilitarian what most contributes to the greatest good of the
greatest number is just
maximum benefit/utilisation – resources should be allocated for the most beneficial purpose of the greatest numbers of the society
it considers to be just to sacrifice the minority, for the greater benefit of majority of the society
Egalitarian justice is achieved when everybody has equitable access
to the societal resources that they need
socialist view, state intervention
Restorative justice requires favouring previously disadvantaged
individuals or group
prioritise resources for the disadvantaged individuals or group
Equality : sameness
Equality has to do with how human beings treat the others as the same
Equity as proporsional equality?
Equity : fairness in society
Equity has to do with how human beings treat the others
Equity is about a person’s right and responsibility in the society
Equity and discrimination?
Discriminare (Latin) : distinguish between
Discrimination : for irrelevant reason
Equity : for relevant reason (merit)
Libertarianism emphasizes justice as equity, with justice being distributed based on merit: one’s effort, skill or contribution
Egalitarianism emphasizes justice as equality, with justice being distributed based on nee
It is important to note that there are no purely libertarian or purely egalitarian governments