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Elements and principle of design

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Fundamentals Of design

Design elements and principles are the basic visual toolboxof design tactics.

The elements form the basic vocabulary of visual design, The elements of design are the basic components used as part

of any composition. They are the objects to be arranged,

The constituent parts used to create the composition itself.

These elements are Point Line Form (shape), Texture Color

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Point

point is an element that has position, butno extension.

It is a single mark in space with aprecise, but limited, location.

Alone it can provide a powerful relationbetween negative and positive space,but when grouped with other points theGestalt grouping principal of closuretends to kick in and the braincompulsively connects the points

together. Line or form is a naturalresult of

multiple points in space.

http://char.txa.cornell.edu/language/element/mona.gif

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Lines

A line can be thought of aspoints so close together that theylose their individual identity andform a new entity.

Lines act as border between

ideas, concepts or steps in asequence. Since lines can be straight,

curved, or irregularly shaped, It can be thought, line as the

track of a point in motion

depicting various forms.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Gazette_du_Bon_Ton_fashion_plate_1915_rain.jpg

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Vertical lines can stop eyemovement implying mass

and give volume to astructure. They also equateto power and strength.

Horizontal lines symbolizerest and relaxation.

Diagonal lines are dynamic

and action-oriented, theyportray dimensions anddirections.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Classical_indian_dance_10.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ea/1778-jeune-dame-de-qualite-en-grande-robe.jpghttp://www.fashion-era.com/images/1965_1966/1965tailleurgrreyjackfurhat.jpg

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Curved lines

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/MarieAntoinette_by_VigeeLeBrun.jpg

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Shapes

A shape is defined as an area thatstands out from the space next to oraround it due to a defined or impliedboundary, or because of differencesof value, colour, or texture.

It is formed when a line encloses an

area. These lined enclosures createan illusionary focus termed as shapes. Shapes can vary endlessly and can

suggest physical form and direct eyemovement based on the directionalmovement of lines.

Shapes define figure, create ground

relationships and relate forms andfigures.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/Manteau_de_Zibeline.jpg

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Texture It is defined as the surface

characteristics of a material thatcan be experienced through thesense of touch or the illusion oftouch.

In visual images, actual

textures can be used, such ascloth, boxes, small objects, andnatural items.

Achieved when thefundamental elements of

design have been used toexpress a single concept.

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Colour

Colour is the most important part ofdesigning. The primary colours are red,yellow and blue.

Mixing any two primary colours results in asecondary colour. The colour wheel is created when the

primary and secondary colours are placedin a circle.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Spectrum441pxWithnm.png

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Colors nearest the center or the poles are most achromatic. Colors of the same lightness and saturation are of the same nuance. Colors of the same hue and saturation, but of different lightness, are

said to be tintsand shades. Colors of the same hue and lightness, but of varying saturation, are

called tones.

An extension of the color wheel:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:HSLSphere.svg

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Designing Principles

Design elements and principles are the basic visual toolbox ofdesign tactics

The principles constitute the broader structural aspects of thecomposition.

The principles of design consist of- PROPORTION, BALANCE, RHYTHM

Repetition, gradation, radiation,

contrast, DOMINANCE (EMPHASIS), HARMONY, unity,

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Proportion

Pleasing relationship of

areas sometimes referred toas scale.

The relative length of twoparts of a garment is termedas proportion.

The degree and method ofsubordinating some part of adesign to other is shown asproportion

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Balance

Balance is the equal distribution ofweights. (Actual or virtual)

Symmetry between the left and righthalves of the body in a garment istermed as the symmetrical balance.

The purpose of balance is to bring asatisfying relationship between allthe design parts.

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Most successful compositions achieve balance inone of two ways:

SymmetricallyAsymmetrically

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Rhythm

Rhythm is the repeated use

of lines or shapes to createa pattern. Rhythm isachieved through:

Radiation

Repetition

Dominance Isolation

Gradation

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/La_Femme_Chic_No._84.jpg

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Emphasis

Emphasis creates a

centre of interest byfocusing the viewer'sattention on a specificarea of the garment. Itis basically the use of

subordination in variousparts in order toemphasize andhighlight certain parts.

http://char.txa.cornell.edu/language/principl/rhythm/1944.gif

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Unity

Unity means that allelements of a design

work together toproduce a successfulvisual effect. Alsoknown as harmony,achieved when the

fundamental elementsof design have beenused to express asingle concept.