Appendix

Performance Tuning in Geographic Routing for Wireless Networks............. Page | 169

Appendix:

Appendix

Performance Tuning in Geographic Routing for Wireless Networks............. Page | 170

To evaluate the trace file generated as simulation results having the above

describe trace format we use AWK scripts to find delay, throughput.

AWK is a programming language that is designed for processing text-

based data, either in files or data streams, and was created at Bell Labs in

the 1970s. The name AWK is derived from the family names of its

authors - Alfred Aho, Peter Weinberger and Brian Kernighan.

AWK is a language for processing files of text. A file is treated as a

sequence of records, and by default each line is a record. Each line is

broken up into a sequence of fields, so we can think of the first word in a

line as the first field, the second word as the second field, and so on. An

AWK program is of a sequence of pattern-action statements. AWK reads

the input a line at a time. A line is scanned for each pattern in the

program, and for each pattern that matches, the associated action is

executed.

This information comes from "The ns Manual" "Mobile Networking in

ns: Trace Support" chapter, and the "trace/cmu-trace.cc" file. Wireless

traces begin with one of four characters followed by one of two different

trace formats, depending on whether the trace logs the X and Y

coordinates of the mobile node.

Appendix

Performance Tuning in Geographic Routing for Wireless Networks............. Page | 171

Event Abbreviation Type Value

Wireless

Event

s: Send

r: Receive

d: Drop

f: Forward

%.9f %d (%6.2f %6.2f) %3s %4s %d %s %d

[%x %x %x %x]

%.9f _%d_ %3s %4s %d %s %d [%x %x %x %x]

double Time

int Node ID

double X Coordinate (If Logging Position)

double Y Coordinate (If Logging Position)

string Trace Name

string Reason

int Event Identifier

string Packet Type

int Packet Size

hexadecimal Time To Send Data

hexadecimal Destination MAC Address

hexadecimal Source MAC Address

hexadecimal Type (ARP, IP)

Some older versions of NS2 have five hexidecimal values between the

square braces. The first hexidecimal value is the MAC frame control

information, and the remaining hexidecimal values are the same as listed

above.

Depending on the packet type, the trace may log additional information:

Appendix

Performance Tuning in Geographic Routing for Wireless Networks............. Page | 172

AWT Script: Throughput

# ===========================================================

# AWK Script for calculating:

# => Throughput.

#

=============================================================

BEGIN {

recvdSize = 0

startTime = 400

stopTime = 0

}

{

event = $1

time = $2

node_id = $3

pkt_size = $8

level = $4

# Store start time

if (level == "AGT" && event == "s" && pkt_size >= 512) {

if (time < startTime) {

startTime = time

}

}

# Update total received packets' size and store packets

arrival time

if (level == "AGT" && event == "r" && pkt_size >= 512) {

if (time > stopTime) {

stopTime = time

}

# Rip off the header

hdr_size = pkt_size % 512

pkt_size -= hdr_size

# Store received packet's size

recvdSize += pkt_size

}

}

END {

printf("Average Throughput[kbps] = %.2f\t\t

StartTime=%.2f\tStopTime=%.2f\n",(recvdSize/(stopTime-

startTime))*(8/1000),startTime,stopTime)

}

AWK Script: End to End Delay

# ===========================================================

# AWK Script for calculating:

# => Average End-to-End Delay.

#

=============================================================

BEGIN {

seqno = -1;

Appendix

Performance Tuning in Geographic Routing for Wireless Networks............. Page | 173

# droppedPackets = 0;

# receivedPackets = 0;

count = 0;

}

{

if($4 == "AGT" && $1 == "s" && seqno < $6) {

seqno = $6;

}

# else if(($4 == "AGT") && ($1 == "r")) {

# receivedPackets++;

# } else if ($1 == "D" && $7 == "tcp" && $8 > 512){

# droppedPackets++;

# }

#end-to-end delay

if($4 == "AGT" && $1 == "s") {

start_time[$6] = $2;

} else if(($7 == "tcp") && ($1 == "r")) {

end_time[$6] = $2;

} else if($1 == "D" && $7 == "tcp") {

end_time[$6] = -1;

}

}

END {

for(i=0; i<=seqno; i++) {

if(end_time[i] > 0) {

delay[i] = end_time[i] - start_time[i];

count++;

}

else

{

delay[i] = -1;

}

}

for(i=0; i<=seqno; i++) {

if(delay[i] > 0) {

n_to_n_delay = n_to_n_delay + delay[i];

}

}

n_to_n_delay = n_to_n_delay/count;

print "\n";

# print "GeneratedPackets = " seqno+1;

# print "ReceivedPackets = " receivedPackets;

# print "Packet Delivery Ratio = "

receivedPackets/(seqno+1)*100

#"%";

# print "Total Dropped Packets = " droppedPackets;

print "Average End-to-End Delay = " n_to_n_delay * 1000 "

ms";

print "\n";

}