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NAVAL SAFETY CENTER “SAFE + SOUND” CAMPAIGN
12 – 16 JUNE 2017
Table of Contents
• Confined Space 4
• Electrical hazards 9
• Lockout Tagout & Lockout Tagout Plus 15
• Fall Protection 20
• PMV 2 - PMV4/RODS 28
• Slips, Trips & Falls 32
• Heat Stress 38
Safe + Sound Week • OSHA, The National Safety Council, the American Industrial Hygiene Association,
The American Society of Safety Engineers and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health have announced June 12-18 as Safe and Sound Week.
• What Is Safe + Sound Week?
A nationwide event to raise awareness and understanding of the value of safety and health programs that include management leadership, worker participation, and a systematic approach to finding and fixing hazards in workplaces.
• Why Participate?
Safe workplaces are sound businesses. Successful safety and health programs can proactively identify and manage workplace hazards before they cause injury or illness, improving sustainability and the bottom line. Participating in Safe + Sound Week can help get your program started or energize an existing one.
Introduction to Confined Space
Confined Space • Every year needless injuries and fatalities occur in confined spaces and often, these
spaces seem safe or even harmless. But looks can be deceiving - help your employees understand what a confined space is, the hazards that are associated with it and the steps to follow to maintain a safe work environment.
• Some confined spaces are more hazardous than others and require an OSHA required
entry permit before anyone enters the space. Basically, any space that contains serious hazards that could cause death or serious injury must be classified as a permit required space.
What is a Confined Space?
• Is large enough and so configured that an employee
can enter bodily and perform work;
• Has limited or restricted means of entry or exit;
• Is not designed for continuous human occupancy.
6
A space that:
Examples of Confined Spaces: • Tanks
• Manholes
• Boilers
• Furnaces
• Sewers
• Silos
• Hoppers
• Vaults
• Pipes
• Trenches
• Tunnels
• Ducts
• Bins
• Pits
7
Downloads Available for Training Regarding Confined Space
• Confined Space Awareness Training
• Confined Space Safety Brief
• OSHA Confined Space Training
• NSTM 074 VOL 3; Gas Free Engineering
• Naval Maritime Confined Space Program Distribution (SAF- 010)
• Personnel handouts How to Identify Confine Space Permit Required Information Sheet Confined Space Personnel Outline Confined Space Quiz Confined Space Video Links Checklist
What is wrong in these pictures
Introduction to Electrical Hazards • Electricity is an integral part of today's modern world, and sometimes it is easy to
forget just how dangerous it can be. Given the correct circumstances, electricity can kill. It can also shock personnel, damage sensitive equipment, and ignite combustible materials.
• During command indoctrination, all hands should receive training on basic electrical safety, the requirements for using personal protective equipment (PPE), and how to recognize symptoms of electrical shock, electrical shock trauma and emergency first‐aid responder techniques. Anytime is always good to have a brief refresher.
(Good) (Bad)
Basics of Electricity • Electrical current will not flow unless it has a complete path (circuit) that returns to its source (battery, transformer).
• Current can flow through humans and other conductors, such as metals, earth and concrete.
• Current can harm a human when it flows through the body (electric shock).
• Insulators resist the flow of electricity. They are used to coat copper conducting wires and to make electrical work gloves. Insulators help to protect humans from contacting electricity that flows through conductors.
(Bad) (Bad-Valve Wheel Blocking Panel)
Electrical Shock • Nationwide - 30,000 work-related non-fatal shocks/year.
• Nationwide - 1,000 deaths/year.
• > 30 volts can KILL.
• Body resistance can be as low as 300 ohms.
• 1 mAmp - shock felt.
• 10 mAmp - may cause muscle contraction – person can’t let go.
• 100 mAmp - may cause ventricular fibrillation - and death if longer than 1 second.
General Information Regarding Electrical Safety
• Both the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) have written standards and regulations that build on one another and help keep workers safer from electrical hazards in the workplace.
• OSHA bases its electrical safety standards (found in 29 CFR Part 1910 Subpart S and 29 CFR Part 1926 Subpart K) on the comprehensive information found in NFPA 70E.
• It is important to note that the NFPA 70E is a national consensus safety standard published by NFPA primarily to assist OSHA in preparing electrical safety standards.
Downloads Available for Training Regarding Electrical Hazard
• CNRMC Shipboard Electrical Safety Requirement Training
• NAVFAC Electrical Safety Training
• OSHA Electrical Safety Training
• Naval Safety Center Electrical Safety Training
• Naval Safety Center Training Brief
• Electrical Shock Lesson Learn
• Electrical Hazard Recognition
• NFPA 70E Electrical Standards
• Surge Protectors usage safety
(Bad)
(Bad)
(Bad)
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Introduction to Logout/Tagout & Logout/Tagout Plus
• Workers, military and civilians, must be protected from hazardous energy during the servicing, maintenance, and repair operations that take place on vessels, vessel sections, and at shore side operations.
• The control of hazardous energy must be accomplished through the use of danger tags for military personnel as well as locks and tags-plus applications for civilian workers. Additionally, employee training, written programs, procedures, and program audits have got to be part of the program.
• Four leading causes of lockout/tagout injuries include:
Failure to properly shut off equipment
Equipment unexpectedly restarting
Failure to disconnect machine or equipment from power source
Failure to clear the work area during the process
(Bad-No lock with tag)
LOGOUT/TAGOUT (LOTO) • The Tag-Out User Manual (TUM) applies to equipment tag-outs and instrument labels
on all systems and components on naval ships and craft when manned by Military Ship’s Force. This manual provides: Personnel and ship safety and prevent damage to equipment. Prevent improper operation when a component, equipment, system or portion
of a system is isolated or in a abnormal condition. Prevent improper operation when safety devices such as blank flanges are
installed for testing, maintenance or casualty isolation. Provide a procedure for use when an instrument is unreliable or not in its normal
operating condition. Provide standard tag-out procedures. Provide a procedure for control of hazardous energy.
• Ship's Force is responsible for ensuring the adequacy and accuracy of all tag-outs, including those proposed by the repair activity. They shall also verify that tags, which are no longer needed, are removed as soon as possible after the operation/work line item(s) has been cleared. Ship’s Force is responsible for system restoration (e.g., valve/switch lineups) after tags are cleared. Locks are not used.
• Naval Ships can utilize Electronic Shift Operations Management System (eSOMS) if installed on command LAN system or conduct tagouts utilizing manual method.
Logout/Tagout Plus (LOTP) • Lockout/tags-plus applications include the use of either a lock, or a tag applied to
all energy-isolating devices, plus an additional safety measure (tags-plus) during shipyard servicing operations to protect workers on land and on vessels and vessel sections during maritime maintenance periods conducted on piers or shipyards.
• Examples of additional safety measures include, but are not limited to: removing an isolating circuit element; blocking a controlling switch; blocking, blanking, or bleeding lines; removing a valve handle or wiring it in place; opening an extra disconnecting device.
• Finding and rendering safe all potentially hazardous energy sources with the appropriate energy-isolating devices and additional safety measures is essential to the success of an energy control program.
• Shipyard/Contractor will work with duty personnel onboard afloat ships when conducting tagout.
Downloads Available for LOTO-LOTP • Electronic Tagout Hazard Awareness Training
• Energy Control Procedures
• Electrical/Equipment Tagout process
• NAVSAFECEN Q1 FY17 Quarterly Report-Analysis of Tagout Violations
• Naval Safety Center Control of Hazardous Energy
• Equipment Tagout Information Sheet
• OSHA Training for LOTO Plus
• Tagout Safety Gouge
• Training Handout for Tagout
• References
NAVSEA Tagout User’s Manual (TUM) Revision Seven Issuance
NSTM 077, “Personal Protection Equipment”
Tagout User’s Manual Revision Seven
(Bad-No lock with tag)
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Introduction to Fall Protection • Every year the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) release the top
ten violations/citations. Sources have confirmed that the top ten violations/citations have remained consistent over the last 10 year.
• OSHA uses the terms “Serious” and “Willful” when describing violations. OSHA defines a "serious" violation as "one in which there is substantial probability that death or serious physical harm could result, and the employer knew or should have known of the hazard." OSHA defines a “Willful" violation as one “committed with an intentional disregard of or plain indifference to the requirements of the occupational safety and health act and requirements.“
• Among the top ten are fall protection (not to be confused with slips trips and falls), scaffolding and ladders. If fall protection, scaffolding and ladders are consistently in the top ten should these be considered “Willful” violations? From harness checklists to hazard awareness guides, ladder usage you can download brochures, fact sheets, booklets and “How-To” guides and qualification requirements.
(Bad-No fall protection) (Good-fall protection used)
(Good-fall protection used)
OSHA's Construction Fall Prevention • FALLS ARE THE LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH IN CONSTRUCTION. In 2015, there were 350 fatal falls to a lower
level out of 937 construction fatalities (BLS data). These deaths are preventable.
Since 2012, OSHA has partnered with the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health andNational Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) - Construction Sector on the Fall PreventionCampaign to raise awareness among workers and employers about common fall hazards inconstruction, and how falls from ladders, scaffolds and roofs can be prevented.
• PLAN ahead to get the job done safely
When working from heights, employers must plan projects to ensure that the job is done safely. Beginby deciding how the job will be done, what tasks will be involved, and what safety equipment may beneeded to complete each task.
When estimating the cost of a job, employers should include safety equipment, and plan to have allthe necessary equipment and tools available at the construction site. For example, in a roofing job,think about all of the different fall hazards, such as holes or skylights and leading edges, then plan andselect fall protection suitable to that work, such as personal fall arrest systems (PFAS).
(Bad-No fall protection) (Bad-No fall protection) (Good)
OSHA's Construction Fall Prevention (cont.) • PROVIDE the right equipment.
Workers who are six feet or more above lower levels are at risk for serious injury or death if theyshould fall. To protect these workers, employers must provide fall protection and the rightequipment for the job, including the right kinds of ladders, scaffolds, and safety gear.
Use the right ladder or scaffold to get the job done safely. For roof work, if workers use personalfall arrest systems (PFAS), provide a harness for each worker who needs to tie off to the anchor.Make sure the PFAS fits, and regularly inspect it for safe use.
• TRAIN everyone to use the equipment safely.
Every worker should be trained on proper set-up and safe use of equipment they use on the job.
(Bad-No fall protection) (Good-fall protection
used)
(Good-fall protection used)
Naval Vessels Fall Protection
• Many tasks onboard Navy surface ships and submarines involve accessing areasthat can’t be reached from the deck or from built-in work platforms.
• Sailors on submarines perform various tasks topside and from the sail (the tower-like structure found on the surface of submarines), in port and at sea.
• Aboard surface ships, crew members climb ladders, work aloft on king posts, masts,and antennas, paint while over the side, and enter confined spaces, tanks, andvoids to perform maintenance.
• Working in these areas can be hazardous because of the risk of falling to a deck,pier, or into the water.
• A fall of just a few feet could result in serious injury, even death. For this reason,Navy policies and procedures require the use of full body safety harnesses andsafety lanyards when working from heights.
(Good-fall protection used) (Good-fall protection used)
Shore Fall Protection • The DON continues to experience serious fall related mishaps, which lead to reduced
readiness and productivity, as well as high medical and compensation costs resultingfrom these mishaps.
• Falls to lower level totaled 541 fatalities and falls on the same level accounted for108 fatalities.
• BLS data shows that fall fatalities from roofs are the most common, followed by fallsfrom ladders, scaffolds, staging, and other surfaces.
Shore Fall Protection (cont.) • Navy and Marine Corps personnel at shore Facilities shall comply with the 29 CFR
1910 requirement of four feet as stated under Subpart D, Walking-WorkingSurfaces, unless there are other alternate promulgated standards that are morespecific to an Activity, Command or industry, such as the six-foot requirement forDON contractors performing construction and demolition work. Any deviation fromthe 4-foot threshold height shall be approved by the Command Competent Personfor Fall Protection.
• Fall Protection must be provided to DON civilians and military personnel exposed toFall-Hazards on any elevated walking/working surface with unprotected sides,edges, or floor openings from which there is a possibility of falling 4 FEET or moreto lower level including working from fixed ladders; or where there is a possibilityof a fall from any height, onto dangerous equipment, into hazardous environmentor onto an impalement hazard.
Threshold Limits for Various Industries
Industry Number of Feet OSHA Standard Regulation Source
Construction Contractors 6 feet 29 CFR 1926.500
General Industry 4 feet 29 CFR 1910.23
Shipyard 5 feet 29 CFR 1915.159
Marine Terminals/Long Shoring 8 feet 29 CFR 1918
Downloads Available for Fall Protection • Aviation Fall Protection Brief• Shipboard Fall Protection Brief• Marine Corp Safety Brief• OSHA Walking Surfaces Brief• Fall Protection awareness guide• OSHA Fall Protection Guide• Documents available for download for training:
Fall Protection Fact Sheet Fall Hazard Survey and Rescue Plan Construction Harness Checklist Utility Bucket Lesson Learn Extension Ladder Fatality-Fall from Elevation Fall-Telecommunication Tower Personal Fall Arrest System OSHA Documents available for download: Stairways and Ladders Fall Protection in Construction Roof-Snow-Hazard Fall Protection Training Guide Falling Off Ladders Narrow Frame Scaffolds Step Ladders Poster
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Introduction to PMV2 – PMV4 & RODS • Accidents involving privately owned motor vehicles (PMVS) continue to be a major
contributor to personnel loses in the naval enterprise. Almost every year PMVfatalities top the list of mishap types (aviation, afloat, shore, and physical training),and surpass the combination of all of them most years. There was a sharp increasein Navy automobile (PMV4) fatalities in FY16 compared to the previous year (78%),while the USMC numbers have steadily declined for the last 3 years. A portion ofthese fatalities were due to distracted drivers.
• Off-duty recreational mishaps are a continual source of injuries that cause many lostwork days and even fatalities especially when proper risk management is notincorporated into preparing for and conducting recreational activities. Last fiscalyear the navy lost 11 personnel during off-duty recreational events, which was morethan the previous 5 year average of 9. The USMC has lost 7 personnel so far thisfiscal year as of 26 April which already surpasses their 5 year average of 6.
PMV2-PMV4 Facts • The National Safety Council (NSC) identified 2016 as the most deadly year on the
roadways since 2007. This is not news to anyone who received the Naval Safety Center’s quarterly report in December as our analysts here had already identified and posted the Navy spike there.
• According to National Safety Council:
Hands free is not risk free
Distractions are a top factor in fatal car crashes.
At any moment 7% of drivers are using cell phones. Thousands of people have died in crashes involving cell phones – including hands-free!
The brain quickly toggles between tasks – but cannot do two things at the same time. The activity in the area of the brain that processes moving images decreases by up to 1/3 when listening or talking on a phone. Drivers looking out the windshield can miss up to 50% of what’s around them when talking on any kind of mobile device.
• Motorcycles are some of the smallest vehicles on our roads, often hidden in a vehicles blind spot or just blending in with traffic and not being seen. Drivers can successfully interact and share the road with motorcyclists by taking the extra time and looking twice to see motorcyclist in traffic, especially at intersections.
RODS Facts • Each year hundreds of lives are lost, thousands are injured, and millions of dollars of
property damage occurs because of preventable recreational boating accidents onU.S. waterways. Too often pleasure outings turn tragic.
• When we think of water safety, we often think of the potential for young children todrown. But drowning also is a concern for teens and young adults. While drowning ismore common for children 5 and younger, it's the second leading cause of death forpeople age 5-24.
• In 2013, eight people died and about 11,400 were injured badly enough to requiremedical treatment after fireworks-related incidents, according to the U.S. ConsumerProduct Safety Commission. And while the majority of these incidents were due toamateurs attempting to use professional-grade, homemade or other illegal fireworksor explosives, 40 percent were from legal, less powerful devices.
• Three out of five households own a gas grill, which translates to a lot of tasty meals.But it also means there’s an increased risk of home fires.
Each year an average of 8,900 home fires are caused by grilling, and close to halfof all injuries involving grills are due to thermal burns. While nearly half of thepeople who grill do it year-round, July is the peak month for grill fires followedby May, June and August.
Downloads Available for PMV2-PMV4 & RODS • PMV2-PMV4
2016 Deadliest Year on Roadway Report
PMV4 Brief
Documents for Training
Distracted Driving
Motorcycle Hand Signals
Protective Gear
Unsafe Helmets
Motorcycle Crash Prevention
• RODS
Firework Safety
Summer Dangers
Summer Injury Activities
Jet Ski Safety
Tornado Safety
Boating Safety
Drowning Prevention Information
What is wrong in these pictures
Introduction to Slip, Trip & Falls • Momentary lapse of inattention thinking about a personal problem or distracted by
an activity can cause a slip, trip or fall. A stumble down a stairway, a trip over an uneven surface or slipping on the ice. It’s just one of a variety of conditions and situations that set the stage for slips, trips and falls in the workplace.
• Slips, trips and falls result in more than 15 million workplace injuries each year; and unfortunately, injuries related to falls are the second leading cause of on-the-job fatalities. While you might think that most fall fatalities occur from falling from a great height, the reality is that many deaths occur from same level falls or falls of a very short distance, such as from a step stool or down a few stairs. Even a small fall can be very painful and cause serious injury.
• Falls are also the third leading cause of disability among employees and military members. By understanding how "fall factors" such as balance, gravity, friction and momentum contribute to these incidents, preventative measures can be taken to prevent falls. Good housekeeping is critical.
• Safety and housekeeping go hand-in-hand. If your facility’s housekeeping habits are poor, the result may be a higher incidence of employee injuries, ever-increasing insurance costs and regulatory citations. If an organization’s facilities are noticeably clean and well organized, it is a good indication that it’s overall safety program is effective as well. Proper housekeeping needs to be a routine. This ongoing vigilance simply done as a part of each worker’s daily performance will prevent an injury.
Stats and Common Causes • How Serious is this Hazard
Slips-and-falls account for more workplace injuries and deaths than any other category.
Falls from ladders and scaffolds kill 350 people and injure 180,000 more every year.
Falls on stairways disable more than 33,000 people every year.
Stats and Common Causes • The Most Common Causes of Slips and Trips are:
Inattentiveness – always pay attention to where you’re walking.
Wet or worn surfaces – inspect surfaces carefully and clean up non-chemical spills.
Materials, tools, boxes and trash left lying around – keep our walk and work areas clean.
Raises or drops in the floor’s elevation – be aware of those areas of floor height change.
Old, worn or inappropriate footwear – wear slip-resistant shoes that are right for the job.
Poorly lit areas – never enter a poorly lit area and notify supervisors of such areas.
(Trip Hazard) (Trip Hazard) (Slip Hazard) (Trip Hazard)
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Slip, Trip & Fall Prevention • Floors are kept clean, dry, and in good repair.
Clean up any leaks or spills on floors, stairs, entranceways, and loading docks promptly.
• Aisles, stairs, and passageways are free of clutter and obstructions.
Keep walkways, aisles, and stairs free of tools, materials, and other hazards. Bundled carpet
• Safe ladder design and use.
Use a ladder, not boxes or chairs, to reach high places.
Use only ladders that have all their parts.
• Rails and guards around floor and wall openings.
Hold the rails and face the ladder as you climb it.
• Clean, orderly, sanitary work areas.
Keep cords, power cables, and air hoses out of walkways. F. Place trash promptly in proper containers.
Keep drawers closed
Can You Find The Slip, Trip & Hazards?
How would you correct?
Downloads Available for Slip , Trip & Falls • Scaffold Safety Brief.
• Documents for Slip, Trip & Fall Training:
Checklist
Prevention
Handout
Notes
Quiz
Introduction to Heat Stress • Elevated temperatures, coupled with a low to heavy workloads, may compromise
your body’s ability to rid itself of heat thereby increasing the risk of heat related illnesses. It is imperative that this concern be addressed as warmer weather conditions approach.
• Commands should monitor signs and symptoms of your personnel which often takes the form of fatigue, profuse sweating, dehydration, headaches, nausea, dizziness, cool and clammy skin. If it is allowed to escalate and left untreated heat stress can result in heat stroke or death.
• Personnel need to stay hydrated, don’t skip meals, wear loose fitting clothing and avoid strenuous activities during the hottest times of the day.
• If you’re in an indoor environment and the temperature starts to approach 90 deg f, your command safety rep may contact your local environmental preventative medicine unit for guidance.
Heat Stress • Outdoor workers who are exposed to hot and humid conditions are at risk of heat-
related illness.
• The risk of heat-related illness becomes greater as the weather gets hotter and more humid.
• NOAA issues extreme heat advisories to indicate when excessive, extended heat will occur. The advisories are based mainly on predicted heat index values:
Excessive Heat Outlook: issued when the potential exists for extended excessive heat (heat index of 105-110°F) over the next 3-7 days. This is a good time to check on supplies, such as extra water coolers, and refresh worker training.
Excessive Heat Watch: issued when excessive heat could occur within the next 24 to 72 hours, but the timing is uncertain.
Excessive Heat Warning: issued when the heat index will be high enough to be life threatening in the next 24 hours. This warning indicates that the excessive heat is imminent or has a very high probability of occurring.
Excessive Heat Advisory: similar to an Excessive Heat Warning, but less serious. This is issued when the heat index could be uncomfortable or inconvenient, but is not life threatening if precautions are taken.
Heat Index Matters • The U.S. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) developed
the heat index system.
• The heat index combines both air temperature and relative humidity into a single value that indicates the apparent temperature in degrees Fahrenheit, or how hot the weather will feel. The higher the heat index, the hotter the weather will feel, and the greater the risk that outdoor workers will experience heat-related illness.
• Why humidity matters: Relative humidity is a measure of the amount of moisture in the air. Sweat does not evaporate as quickly when the air is moist as it does in a dry climate. Since evaporation of sweat from the skin is one of the ways the human body cools itself on a hot day, high humidity reduces our natural cooling potential and we feel hotter. Low humidity can also be a problem for outdoor workers in hot, desert-like climates. Sweat evaporates very rapidly in low humidity, which can lead to severe dehydration if a person does not drink enough water throughout the day.
Heat Stress Monitoring • OSHA does not have a specific standard that covers working in hot environments.
Nonetheless, under the OSH Act, employers have a duty to protect workers fromrecognized serious hazards in the workplace, including heat-related hazards.
• Navy/Marine personnel exposed to high heat and/or highly humid environments areplaced in a heat stress prevention program, which identifies safe Physiological HeatExposure Limits (PHELs). In order to determine PHEL stay times for personnel whowork in these hot environments, a Heat Stress Survey must be conducted.Conducting a Heat Stress Survey at each workstation within each "high heat"workspace requires using a portable, hand-held heat stress meter. A complete HeatStress Survey, which measures the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) anddetermines the appropriate PHEL stay times in all required shipboard work spacesmight take three to five hours depending on the size of the ship.
• Sensors can be used to remotely monitor machines and equipment in overheatedareas such as engine rooms. Proper design and placement of such remote monitorscan help ship personnel to avoid entering heat stress situations for extended periodsto manually monitor equipment.
Download Available for Heat Stress
• Mid-Atlantic Heat Stress Training
• 2017 Heat Stress Training Links
• Navy Heat Stress Information
• OSHA documents available for download:
Heat Business Cards
Quick Card for Heat Stress
Heat Index Information
Work-site poster
