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West PointThe Center for the Study of Civil-Military Operations

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War theorist Carl von Clausewitz described

war two ways: both as an “act of force”

and as an “act of policy.” This seeming

contradiction underpins a fundamental

truth, that war has both a destructive,

coercive aspect — as well as an equally

important constructive side, which

concentrates on policy accomplishment.

Often military forces are overly concerned

with war as the “sum of battle,” and

neglect the important contribution that

civilians bring to the effort.

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The Center for the Study of Civil-Military Operations 1

The Center for the Study of Civil-Military Operations (CSCMO) was founded in 2012 at West Point, New York, through the support of the United States Military Academy and the GPD Charitable Trust. West Point graduate John DeBlasio USMA

’89 witnessed fi rsthand how unprepared U.S. forces were to interact with local populations and various organizations to achieve non-kinetic military objectives, garnering his support for the Center from its inception. It has already made a tremendous impact in the study and practice of Civil-Military Operations (CMO). Lieutenant Tommy Daniel, USMA ’13,

stated that the Center was “one of the best things I ever came across at West Point, hands down. I am light years ahead of my peers in terms of winning the ‘human terrain’.” Daniel has gone on to represent NATO in its deployment to Ukraine and has used the skills he learned from CSCMO on a daily basis. While the mission to develop all West Point leaders so that they are prepared to employ an understanding of CMO is being met, the opportunities that the Center provides for growth and education extends far beyond West Point.

The four pillars that provide the foundation for the goals of the Center allow for the free exchange of knowledge between experts in the fi eld and the cadets that comprise the future leaders of America’s Army.

• Symposia & Sharing

• Scholars & Speakers

• Syllabus Integration

• Service Learning

CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF CIVIL-MILITARY OPERATIONS

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Colonel Andrew Lohman

Military Director &Program Director of Geography

Mr. John Melkon

Civilian Director andAssistant Professor of Geography

Major Richard Hutton

Civil Affairs andInstructor of History

Captain Danielle Biering

Civil Affairs andInstructor of Military Science

Captain Joshua Borrell

Civil Affairs andInstructor ofGeography

Cadet Caitlin Laneve

Cadet Communityon Civil-MilitaryOperations

Cadet Dustin Santos


Cadet Amber Withrow

Cadet Community on Civil-MilitaryOperations

Cadet Spenser Copp


CSCMO STAFF


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SYMPOSIA & SHARING

The Center for the Study of Civil-Military Operationshosts multiple symposia per year, bringing academicand military personnel to the United States MilitaryAcademy. The Center also supports many moreconferences and symposia in order to advance themission of the organizations that sponsor them. The time and fi nancially intensive events showcase subject matter experts to discuss topics pertinent to CMO, allowing students, faculty, and panelists to profi t from a vast body of knowledge shared at these events.

Advancing Academic and Military Knowledge


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CSCMO and the Department of Geography & Environmental Engineering, in conjunction with many departments of the United States Military Academy, hosted the 2nd African Symposium focusing on the “Scales of Development.” Speakers such as the former Ambassador to the Democratic Republic of the Congo William Garvelink, Colonel Emmanuel Kotia of the Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Center, and Dr. Fredrick Tumwine of Makerere University discussed multilevel perspectives on the democratization and development of the African continent. Cadets and students alsocontributed to the event by presentingCMO-related research projects in small group settings near the end of the event.

Every year the Center's Fall Conference brings together distinguished speakers to discuss pressing CMO issues. This meeting of academics, politicians, military and other civil employees allows a greater understanding of the many aspects of Civil-Military Operations. Cadets are also able to contribute by briefi ng the results of small group work at the end of the event. The inaugural event focused on the issue of Unity of Effort — coordinating the efforts of multiple military, civilian and non-governmental agencies in order to provide the most concerted effort not only at operational levels, but also at country and theater strategic levels. This conference hosted speakers

SYMPOSIA & SHARING

such as LTG (R) Michael Maples, with a distinguished career in the Army as well as the Defense Intelligence Agency and Ambassador Rick Barton, Assistant Secretary of State for Confl ict and Stabilization Operations. Another conference focused on CMO in Kosovo during and after the Balkans confl ict. The event hosted Atifete Jahjaga, President of the Republic of Kosovo. Panelists included Leonard R. Hawley, Former Deputy Assistant Secretary of the State Department; Michael Hess, Former Assistant Administrator at USAID; and BG Xhavit Gashi, the Kosovar Defense Attaché to the United States.



The Student Workshop on Civil-Military Operations brings together cadets and students in order to share the insights that they have learned during their study at the many institutions they represent. More than 150 students and cadets collaborate each year, setting the foundation for inter-organization cooperation in their careers. The event focuses on Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Response, giving the opportunity for cadets from all service academies as well as students destined for civil service and the private sector the opportunity to discuss how they would come together in order to provide maximum assistance in the case of natural disasters.

USIP’s Ending Wars to Build Peace: Confl ict Termination Workshop with (pictured left to right): The Honorable James Kunder, Ambassador Jim Jeffrey, Tara Sonenshine, GEN Mark A. Milley, LTG Robert L. Caslen Jr.

“The 21st century is increasingly characterized by fragile state confl icts, often with the engagement by non-state actors. Civilian-military cooperation is essential to address these confl icts. West Point's Center for the Study of Civil-Military Operations is a vital meeting ground where future and current civilian and military leaders of the U.S. government can build relationships and work together jointly to address these confl icts.” — Former Ambassador to the Democratic Republic of the Congo William Garvelink


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SCHOLARS & SPEAKERS

The Center for the Study of Civil-Military Operationsfunds research into the complex fi eld of CMO, whichcontributes to commanders’ understanding of thebattlespace. This effort to build the body of knowledge adds to the academic conversation of CMO and results in many takeaways that soldiers in the fi eld can use to enhance their effectiveness on the modern battlefi eld. Cadets affi liated with the Center also contribute to the conversation and several have won scholarships in order to continue their academic pursuits. West Point faculty participates in and contributes to CMO-centric events — from the U.S. Institute for Peace to USAID to Combined Arms Center - Fort Leavenworth — while papers written by faculty and cadets have been disseminated to a larger audience.

Understanding the Modern Battlefi eld


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The Center co-sponsored the Water Security and Confl ict Prevention Summit at the U.S. Institute of Peace, and West Point faculty and cadets attended the event that brought together academics, the State Department, USAID, the World Bank, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the National Defense University, the National Intelligence Council, the Crown Council of Ethiopia, and U.S. AFRICOM. Important lessons were imparted on the role of climate change in confl ict as well as managing limited water resources and understanding issues on the ground in order to alleviate confl ict.

Major Patrick Miller and Captain Matty Haith were able to attend the Joint Humanitarian Operations Course at Carlisle Barracks, learning about the

capabilities and mission of the USAID Offi ce of Foreign Disaster Relief. They were able to work with other organizations in discussing Department of Defense/USAID disaster response coordination, risk reduction, and the “Fog of Relief.” As a result they are more competitive for assignments at combatant command, embassies, or joint strategic assignments. Cadet Ellen Duckwall attended the USIP's Civ-Mil Working Group, focusing on preventing and responding to gender-based violence and youth in humanitarian emergencies. The group will begin running pilot programs through United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees within Africa.

SCHOLARS &SPEAKERS

Dr. Harry Bader of the University of Alaska, Fairbanks, discusses civil-military efforts in Afghanistan.



The Center solicits research proposals under the CMO Scholars Program in order to support continued research on topics relevant to CMO to both benefi t the intellectual development of faculty and cadets as well as make signifi cant scholarly contributions to the fi eld of study. Through this, Ms. Juliane Ivany, Cultural Studies Instructor and Curriculum Developer from the Special Warfare Center and School, was able to present her paper,

“Diffusion of Ideas: Cultural Intelligence in Military Operations,” to an audience of more than 5,000 conference goers at the International Studies Association. Dr. Marcia Hartwell presented her paper “Why is Protecting Civilians so Diffi cult?” at the same conference.

CSCMO welcomes representatives of the CIMIC Centre of Excellence for a lecture series.


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SYLLABUSINTEGRATION

The Center gives cadets the opportunity to interact in small group and classroom settings with preeminent researchers and scholars, both military and civilian, from government agencies and non-governmental organizations. This multidimensional approach allows cadets to see the coordinated effort that is required in order to achieve policy objectives, illustrating the material that they learn in class. The guest lecture program ensures that the next generation of Army leaders are prepared to face the complexities of the modern battlefi eld as they advance U.S. policy objectives across the globe.

Building a Multidimensional Classroom


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Fulbright Scholar and member of the Australian Defense Force, lectured on the approach an allied nation takes to training its soldiers in Civil Military Cooperation. Dr. Jack Clarke explained

how NATO forces receive different missions and take on different roles not only in their respective nations, but in confl ict zones around the world.

SYLLABUSINTEGRATION

Experiences in Iraq and Afghanistan have led to increased interest in the tenets of CMO. The Center has been able to increase the subject matter knowledge of cadets by bringing in many speakers that have served in CMO capacities in the Middle East.

NATO has been shifting in recent years in order to better facilitate CMO. With this shift, an added emphasis on research and policy that supports working with civilian organizations and host nation governments has increased the importance in developing a broad spectrum approach to CMO that can be practiced by each allied nation. LTG Hogg (pictured on page 15) gave cadets insight into how NATO was handling the crisis in Ukraine and the role of NATO in international CMO while MAJ Claire O’Neill,



Non-governmental organizations have become more and more important on the modern battlefi eld, providing resources and knowledge that supports stability for civilians in confl ict zones and whose presence provides Army leaders with additional assets and capabilities to resolve the problems they face. A myriad of speakers have come in to discuss the value added by these organizations as well as the environment in which the cadets may soon operate. Dr. Michael Brennan, USMA ’65, an expeditionary physician for International Medical Corps, discussed the importance of medicine in CMO, citing successes in Iraq, Japan, and Haiti while applying lessons

learned to challenges faced in Iraq, Afghanistan, Syria, and Libya. Colonel (R) Holshek discussed the role the UN plays in disaster relief and management, which often takes them into confl ict zones, citing cases in Liberia to impart advice to cadets on how to better work in conjunction with international and non-governmental organizations. A permanent partnership between the Civil-Military Co-operation Centre of Excellence, a NATO affi liated think tank, and the Center has been formed, with multiple interns sent each year and research conducted on topics formulated in the Theatre Civil Assessment.

“To win in a complex world, Army forces must provide the Joint Force with multiple options, integrate the efforts of multiple partners, operate across multiple domains, and present our enemies and adversaries with multiple dilemmas.”

— MG (P) H.R. McMaster, Commander of the U.S. Army Maneuver Center of Excellence


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SERVICE LEARNING

Through the generous support of the Center for the Study of Civil-Military Operations, cadets integrate meaningful community service with instruction and refl ection to enrich their learning experience. The activities add value not only to the education of the cadets that participate, but also to the communities that they support. The cadet-run group Cadet Community for Civil Military Operations (C3MO) works to coordinate and conduct outreach, resulting in cadets taking initiative to better educate themselves and their peers on CMO.

Putting Theories Into Practice


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Summer internships allow cadets to practice the theories they are taught during the school year in real-world environments. Many organizations in the public and private sectors host cadets for two to six weeks, allowing cadets to contribute to the organizations that host them by completing projects pertinent to their academic interests and the goals of the organization. Cadets bring these lessons back to West Point, applying them back in the classroom and educating their peers on current issues in CMO. With Partners for Democratic Change in Washington DC, Cadet Aaron Kilner summarized security sector reforms that other scholars drew

community service projects to better understand the role the United States plays in drug interdiction in Central and South America.

SERVICE LEARNING

on for their research. Cadet Michael Westrom traveled to Honduras with Joint Task Force – Bravo, visited the Commando School and worked on



Under the auspices of the Center, close to 100 cadets travel off post to participate in service learning opportunities. These actitivies signifi cantly increase a cadet's ability to work with his or her peers, government organizations, and non-government organizations to create outcomes that are much more favorable to U.S. policy objectives across the globe.

Cadets from Soldiers for Citizens, a service club sponsored by the Center, and the Cadet Community on Civil-Military Operations (C3MO) work closely with the ocal Habitat for Humanity chapter and food bank.

Shorter trips during the school year to regional organizations that focus on CMO are also available to cadets. For example, a visit to the UN Offi ce for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs in New York City, showed cadets how the offi ce brings together humanitarian, state, and non-governmental organizations to promote stability and security in developing nations. Another opportunity included work with Habitat for Humanity to improve neighborhoods in Newburgh, New York, and construct new homes for some of the community’s most disaffected citizens.


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But the Center goes beyond simply enhancing the education and development of cadets. The mission to educate and broaden understanding about CMO also impacts current soldiers, offi cers, academics, government and civilian organizations, and private sector businesses. The Center’s value to the study and understanding of CMO is immeasurable, and its continued operations will add benefi t across the globe for years to come.

Cadet Nicole Zajimovic, Class of 2016, was born in Germany in the early 90s after her parents were forced to fl ee the ethnic confl ict in Bosnia, and then immigrated to the United States. Her desire to selfl essly serve the nation that

supported her family and so many others led her to attend the United States Military Academy, and due to her interest in Civil-Military Operations joined the Cadet Community for Civil-Military Operations (C3MO). When the Honorable Madeline Albright came to West Point as a speaker for a C3MO event, Cadet Zajimovic was able to meet the woman who considerably infl uenced US and international policy in regards to the country her family once called home. The ability to impact individuals so considerably not only with regard to professional development, but also personal development, speaks to the effi cacy and the value of the Center for the Study of Civil-Military Operations.




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119519 WEST-1507 Civ-Mil D9 09.23.15