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Power point@lecture Slides Are Prepared By Biology Lecturer, KMPk

mailto:point@lecturemailto:point@lecture

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Describe the unique characteristics of Chordata.

State classification of Chordata into foursubphyla. Urochordata (Sea squirt)

Hemichordata (Acorn worm)

Cephalochordata (Lancelet)

Vertebrata

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State classification of subphylum Vertebratainto six classes:

Class Chondrichthyes (ray, Raja ) Class Osteichthyes (ikan selar, Selar ) Class Amphibia (frog) Class Reptile (crocodile, Crocodilus ) Class Aves (pigeon, Columba ) Class Mammalia (rat, Rattus )

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Unique Characteristics Notochord

Longitudinal, flexible rod located between digestive tube and nerve cord

later become vertebral column / backbone

Provides skeletal support.

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Pharyngeal slits (slits in the pharynx) Found in all chordate embryos

A series of pouches separated by grooves found alongthe sides of the pharynx

Function: Invertebrates chordates Suspension feeding devices (invertebrate chordates) Modified for gaseous exchange (vertebrates)

Gill slits at sides of pharynx

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Dorsal hollow nerve cord Develops from a plate of ectoderm that rolls into a

tube located above the notochord

Develops into central nervous system Brain and spinal cord

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Close circulatory system Hepatic portal system

blood from alimentary canal taken to liver and takenback to the heart

Heart is ventral position found behind and below pharynx.

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Post anal tail Tail extending posterior to anus

Lost during embryonic development

Contains skeletal elements and muscles.

Provides propelling force in many aquatic species

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Myotomes Muscular tissues arranged in blocks

Usually resemble the letter "W

Present in embryonic stage

Maintained in some adults chordates

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Classification Subphylum Urochordata (Sea Squirt)

Subphylum Hemichordata (Acorn worm)

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SubphylumChephalochordata(Lancelet)

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Class Chondrichthyes (ray, Raja ) Class Osteichthyes (ikan selar, Selar ) Class Amphibia (frog) Class Reptile (crocodile, Crocodilus ) Class Aves (pigeon, Columba ) Class Mammalia (rat, Rattus )

Subphylum Vertebrata

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Evolutionary Relationship of Animals

Based on: Level of organization

Germ layers

Body plan (symmetry)

Body cavity

Segmentation/metamerism

(Show table)

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CHAPTER 12

ECOLOGY