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1/13/20151. put HW(PM picture) into the bin.2. Current science x33. videos!Presentation: Cell TransportPreLab4.2 back & reviewHW: Quiz 4.1-4.2 AND WS on cell transport
NEW DATE: ReassessmentDUE TO THE SCHOOL CANCELLATIONS THE
DATE HAS BEEN CHANGED to JANUARY 21stRe-assessment for Unit 3 Test
BEFORE SCHOOL (7:00- 7:50) W/ MR. MAHONDURING Ac-Lab WITH YOUR BIO TEACHER.
You can split the sections between morning and ac lab If needed. EX: 3.1 in the morning & 3.2 in aclab or all of them in the morning or all in AcLab
Make sure to sign up w/ YOUR biology teacher and specify the time & the sections.
Membranes Keeps Cells SeparateMost things are either too big to cross the membrane
OR they are polar and won’t mix with the membrane
Creates an internal environment different from the outside world(e.g. it has enzymes, proteins, sugars, ATP, NADH, FADH etc. floating around)
Called a semi-permeable membrane
What does this have to do with cells?Lots of things must enter and exit
the cellThey must be able to somehow cross
the membrane.Called Cell TransportCytosol
Vocab reminder!A. Solution: mixture of 2 or more components
1. Ex: seawaterB. Solvent: present in the largest amount, what
something is dissolving in.1. Ex: water
C. Solute: what dissolves into the solvent1. Ex: salt
D. Concentration gradient: difference in the solute concentration across space or across a membrane
E. Molecular Motion: the random movement of
atoms resulting in their collision with other atoms.
1. Simple DiffusionVery small hydrophobic (non-polar) molecules
can simply slip between the membranes and cross the hydrophobic layer
Some small polar molecules can slowly cross
2. Facilitated DiffusionOther small molecules need to move
through a protein channel (small polar or ionic compounds)
Concentration GradientMolecules on the top are likely to collide and
knock each other towards the bottom
High Concentration
Zero Concentration
More collisions
No collisions
Diffusion
High Concentration
Low Concentration
More collisions
Fewer collisions
Some will still get knocked back, but more will come to this side
Equilibrium / No Concentration GradientNo net change in concentration. Molecules
still move but on average the concentrations stay the same
Molecules on either side are equally likely to collide and be knocked to the other side
Medium Concentration
Medium Concentration
OsmosisSpecial name for
diffusion of waterWhen molecules can’t
diffuse, water doesWater diffuses
towards the more concentrated side until the concentrations are balanced*
*or another force is applied
What if We Want to Move Things Against the Gradient?Active Transport!We must invest energy to “pump”
molecules
ReviewSmall, non-charged
molecules can simply diffuse
Small, polar or charged molecules can pass through a protein
Energy must be invested to move things against the gradient
Diffusion, osmosis & facilitated diffusion: With the concentration gradient = No Energy
Active Transport: Againstthe concentration gradient = Uses Energy!
Endo/ExocytosisBig things must
enter through endocytosis and form a vesicle
Big things must exit by exocytosis, where the vesicle becomes part of the plasma membrane