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Isamu MorinoIsamu Morino1Isamu Morino1, Osamu Uchino, Osamu Uchino1, Osamu Uchino1, Hirofumi Ohyama, Hirofumi Ohyama1, Hirofumi Ohyama1, Kei shiomi, Kei shiomi2, Kei shiomi2, Paul Wennberg, Paul Wennberg3, Paul Wennberg3, Justus Isamu MorinoNotholtNotholtNotholt4

Isamu MorinoIsamu MorinoIsamu Morino , Osamu Uchino, Osamu Uchino, Osamu Uchino, Osamu UchinoIsamu MorinoNotholtNotholt4, Thorsten Warneke

, Osamu Uchino, Thorsten Warneke, Thorsten Warneke4

, Hirofumi Ohyama, Hirofumi Ohyama, Osamu Uchino , Hirofumi Ohyama, Hirofumi Ohyama, Osamu Uchino , Hirofumi Ohyama, Thorsten Warneke, Thorsten Warneke44, Dietrich Feist

, Hirofumi Ohyama, Dietrich Feist, Dietrich Feist5, 6 , Hirofumi Ohyama, Hirofumi Ohyama, Hirofumi Ohyama , Kei shiomi, Kei shiomi, Kei shiomi, Kei shiomi, Kei shiomi, Hirofumi Ohyama, Hirofumi Ohyama, Hirofumi Ohyama, Hirofumi Ohyama

5, 6 5, 6 , David Griffith, Kei shiomi

, David Griffith, David Griffith7, Paul Wennberg, Paul Wennberg, Paul Wennberg , Justus , Justus , Justus , Kei shiomi , Paul Wennberg, Paul Wennberg, Paul Wennberg, Paul Wennberg, Kei shiomi , Paul Wennberg, Paul Wennberg, Paul Wennberg

, David Griffith, David Griffith77, Nicholas Deutscher, Justus

, Nicholas Deutscher, Nicholas Deutscher7, Justus , Justus , Justus , Justus

, Nicholas Deutscher, Nicholas Deutscher7, , Thorsten Warneke, Thorsten Warneke, Thorsten Warneke , Dietrich Feist, Dietrich Feist, Dietrich FeistDebra Wunch

, Dietrich FeistDebra WunchDebra Wunch8

, Dietrich Feist, Dietrich Feist , David Griffith, David Griffith, David Griffith, David Griffith, Dietrich Feist, Dietrich Feist, Dietrich FeistDebra WunchDebra Wunch8, and TCCON partners

, David Griffith, David Griffith, David Griffith, and TCCON partners, and TCCON partners9

1, and TCCON partners, and TCCON partners, and TCCON partners, and TCCON partners

1National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan;National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan;2

National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan;National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan;National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan;National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan;National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan;22Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan;Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan;

3Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan;Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan;

3 California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; 4

California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; 4 University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany;

5University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany;University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany;

5 Deutsches Zentrum fUniversity of Bremen, Bremen, Germany;

Deutsches Zentrum fDeutsches Zentrum füUniversity of Bremen, Bremen, Germany;University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany;University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany;

Deutsches Zentrum fDeutsches Zentrum füüDeutsches Zentrum füDeutsches Zentrum fDeutsches Zentrum füDeutsches Zentrum f r LuftUniversity of Bremen, Bremen, Germany;

r Luftr Luft-University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany;University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany;University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany;

r Luftr Luft-r Luft-r Luft und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany;Deutsches Zentrum f6

Deutsches Zentrum fDeutsches Zentrum fDeutsches Zentrum füDeutsches Zentrum füDeutsches Zentrum f r Luftr Luftr Luftr Luftr Luft und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany;und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany;und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany;Deutsches Zentrum f6 Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany;Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany;

7Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany;Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany;Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany;Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany;77 University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW Australia;

8University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW Australia;University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW Australia;

8 Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;9

Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;9 http://tccon

Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;http://tcconhttp://tccon-

Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;http://tcconhttp://tccon-wiki.caltech.edu

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Outline• TCCON (Total Carbon Column Observing Network)

– Remote sensing of total column CO2, CH4, N2O, CO …– TCCON data usages– TCCON spectra– Expansion of TCCON– TCCON data record

• TCCON sites operated by Japanese organizations– Rikubetsu, Tsukuba and Saga– Burgos

• Publications with TCCON• Recent paper list related satellite validation with TCCON• Summary• TCCON challenges for satellite validation• COCCON (COllaborative Carbon Column Observing

Network)

TCCON (Total Carbon Column Observing Network):Remote sensing of

total column CO2, CH4, N2O, CO …n Direct-sun solar absorption

spectroscopy in the near IR using FTS

n Retrieve total column amountsn Derive column average dry air

mole fractions (e.g. XCO2)l Using column O2 as internal

standardl XCO2 =CO2/O2 x 0.2095

n Precisions (2σ)l XCO2: ~1 ppm (0.3%) l XCH4: ~5 ppb (0.5%)l XCO: < 4 %

l Accuracies by comparison with integrated aircraft in situ profiles using WMO-calibrated instruments

In-SituFTS

TCCON

Satellite

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A network of highly skilled FTS experts.

A network of scientists who are integrated into the communities we serve who can advise on the appropriate use and interpretation of our dataset.

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M. Velazco

Burgos Philippines as a new TCCON site in South-East AsiaTeam members: Isamu Morino1, *, Voltaire A. Velazco2, 3, Akihiro Hori1, Osamu Uchino1, Hirofumi Ohyama1, Tetsu Sakai4, Toshiharu Izumi4, Tomohiro Nagai4, Gerry Bagtasa5, Yukio Yoshida1, Matthäus Kiel6, Beata Bukosa2, Nicholas M. Deutscher2, Jenny A. Fisher2, David W. T. Griffith2

1 Satellite Observation Center, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

2 Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia3 Oscar M. Lopez Center for Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Management

Foundation, Inc., Manila, Philippines4 Meteorological Research Institute, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan5 University of the Philippines, Diliman Quezon City, Philippines6 California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, US* e-mail: morino@nies.go.jp

EDC Burgos Wind Farm Project site* photo from a drone-borne camera (Nov. 8, 2016)*Located in Ilocos Norte, Philippines, a “coal-free” province

TCCON FTS

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255 Publications with TCCON as of Apr 27, 2019

50

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Recent paper list related satellite validation with TCCONSCIAMACHY CO:• P. Hochstaffl, F. Schreier, G. Lichtenberg and S. G. García, Validation of Carbon Monoxide

Total Column Retrievals from SCIAMACHY Observations with NDACC/TCCON Ground-Based Measurements, Remote Sens. 2018, 10(2), 223; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10020223

• plus Addendum to add TCCON references!

OCO-2 CO2:• Wu, L., Hasekamp, O., Hu, H., Landgraf, J., Butz, A., aan de Brugh, J., Aben, I., Pollard, D. F.,

Griffith, D. W. T., Feist, D. G., Koshelev, D., Hase, F., Toon, G. C., Ohyama, H., Morino, I., Notholt, J., Shiomi, K., Iraci, L., Schneider, M., de Maziere, M., Sussmann, R., Kivi, R., Warneke, T., Goo, T. & Te, Y. (2018). Carbon dioxide retrieval from OCO-2 satellite observations using the RemoTeC algorithm and validation with TCCON measurements. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 11 (5), 3111-3130.

• Bi, Y., Wang, Q., Yang, Z. et al., Validation of Column-Averaged Dry-Air Mole Fraction of CO2Retrieved from OCO-2 Using Ground-Based FTS Measurements, J Meteorol Res (2018) 32: 433. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13351-018-7118-6

• O'Dell, C. W., Eldering, A., Wennberg, P. O., Crisp, D., Gunson, M. R., Fisher, B., Frankenberg, C., Kiel, M., Lindqvist, H., Mandrake, L., Merrelli, A., Natraj, V., Nelson, R. R., Osterman, G. B., Payne, V. H., Taylor, T. E., Wunch, D., Drouin, B. J., Oyafuso, F., Chang, A., McDuffie, J., Smyth, M., Baker, D. F., Basu, S., Chevallier, F., Crowell, S. M. R., Feng, L., Palmer, P. I., Dubey, M., García, O. E., Griffith, D. W. T., Hase, F., Iraci, L. T., Kivi, R., Morino, I., Notholt, J., Ohyama, H., Petri, C., Roehl, C. M., Sha, M. K., Strong, K., Sussmann, R., Te, Y., Uchino, O., and Velazco, V. A.: Improved retrievals of carbon dioxide from Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 with the version 8 ACOS algorithm, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 6539-6576, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-6539-2018, 2018.

• Kulawik et al., in prep

Recent paper list related satellite validation with TCCONCopernicus CO2 and CH4:• Buchwitz, M., Reuter, M., Schneising, O. et al., Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S)

Global Satellite Observations of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Methane, Adv. Astronaut. Sci. Technol. (2018) 1: 57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42423-018-0004-6

GOSAT CO2, CH4 and H2O:• A. Bril, S. Maksyutov, S. Oshchepkov, Y. Yoshida, R. Imasu, C. Iwasaki, A. Chaikovsky, A.

Fedarenka, "Development of the empirical orthogonal functions-based algorithm for the retrievals of atmospheric CO2 total column amount from space-borne observations of reflected sunlight," J. Appl. Rem. Sens. 12(4) 046012 (31 October 2018)

• Kenea, S.T., Oh, YS., Goo, TY. et al. Comparison of XCH4 Derived from g-b FTS and GOSAT and Evaluation Using Aircraft In-Situ Observations over TCCON Site, Asia-Pacific J Atmos Sci (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13143-019-00105-0

• Trieu, T.T.N.; Morino, I.; Ohyama, H.; Uchino, O.; Sussmann, R.; Warneke, T.; Petri, C.; Kivi, R.; Hase, F.; Pollard, D.F.; Deutscher, N.M.; Velazco, V.A.; Iraci, L.T.; Podolske, J.R.; Dubey, M.K. Evaluation of Bias Correction Methods for GOSAT SWIR XH2O Using TCCON data. Remote Sens. 2019, 11, 290.

• K. Arai, T. Higuchi, H. Okumura, H. Ohyama, S. Kawakami and K. Shiomi, “Quality Flag of GOSAT/FTS Products Taking into Account Estimation Reliability” International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications(ijacsa), 9(9), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2018.090909

• de Lange, A. and Landgraf, J.: Methane profiles from GOSAT thermal infrared spectra, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 11, 3815-3828, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-3815-2018, 2018.

Recent paper list related satellite validation with TCCONGOSAT CO2, CH4 and H2O (continued):• Kivimäki, E., H. Lindqvist, J. Hakkarainen, M. Laine, R. Sussmann, A. Tsuruta, R. Detmers, N.

M. Deutscher, E. J. Dlugokencky, F. Hase, O. Hasekamp, R. Kivi, I. Morino, J. Notholt, D. F. Pollard, C. Roehl, M. Schneider, M. K. Sha, V. A. Velazco, T. Warneke, D. Wunch, Y. Yoshida, and J. Tamminen (2019), Evaluation and Analysis of the Seasonal Cycle and Variability of the Trend from GOSAT Methane Retrievals, Remote Sens., 11(882), 31, doi:10.3390/rs11070882.

TROPOMI CO and CH4:• Sha et al., in prep.• Schneising et al., in prep.

MOPITT CO• Hedelius, J. K., He, T.-L., Jones, D. B. A., Buchholz, R. R., De Mazière, M., Deutscher, N. M.,

Dubey, M. K., Feist, D. G., Griffith, D. W. T., Hase, F., Iraci, L. T., Jeseck, P., Kiel, M., Kivi, R., Liu, C., Morino, I., Notholt, J., Oh, Y.-S., Ohyama, H., Pollard, D. F., Rettinger, M., Roche, S., Roehl, C. M., Schneider, M., Shiomi, K., Strong, K., Sussmann, R., Sweeney, C., Té, Y., Uchino, O., Velazco, V. A., Wang, W., Warneke, T., Wennberg, P. O., Worden, H. M., and Wunch, D.: Evaluation of MOPITT version 7 joint TIR-NIR XCO retrievals with TCCON, Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2019-201, in review, 2019.

Summary of TCCON• TCCON data:

compared to the WMO scale.

Uncertainties: XCO2<0.25 %, XCH4<0.5%, XCO<4%, XN2O <1%, and XH2O<1.3%.

• Widely used in studies on atmospheric chemistry and carbon cycle

• Firmly established as an important validation resource for satellite-based products

• TCCON data is publicly available in the web https://tccondata.orgWe would like ask you to read the TCCON Data License when using!

19

hQps://tccondata.org

TCCON challenges for satellite validation• Satellites are now achieving sub-ppm precision in XCO2

– TCCON claims ~0.4 ppm precision (1σ): ILS, instrumentation, surface pressure, improved spectroscopy and a priori profiles etc.

• Site-to-site consistency is our biggest challenge– Airmass dependence is seen as a major problem in the satellite and modeling community

• Active missions (e.g. MERLIN) have vastly different averaging kernels to TCCON

• With TROPOMI, GOSAT-2, and near future missions, we will be relied upon for XCO and other products (XN2O, XH2O, XHDO) in addition to XCO2 and XCH4

– These retrievals have not been under the same scrutiny as XCO2

– We have no tie to a trace-gas standard scale for HDO

– Our 7% CO scaling remains an outstanding issue,

• Network continues to expand:– Missing areas: Africa, India, Siberia, South America

– Expensive for setting up a new site (about 1 M US$) and operation (about 0.1 M US$)

– Portable FTS network →COCCON 20

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