Influences on your healthy, Influences on your healthy, active lifestyleactive lifestyle

STEP-BY-STEP GCSE PE ©STEP-BY-STEP GCSE PE ©

Healthy active lifestylesHealthy active lifestyles

1.1.21.1.2

SECTION 1.1

Chapter content:

1. Key influences on taking part in physical activity

2. The sports participation pyramid

3. Opportunities for becoming involved in physical activity

4. Initiatives developed to provide opportunities for involvement in physical activity

Second edition

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• Key influences on taking part in physical Key influences on taking part in physical activityactivity

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STUDENT TASK: Where does our interest in sport develop from?

There are many reasons why people become interested in sport or physical activity from a young age. What sports or physical activities are you involved in? What influenced you to take part in them?

Add your experiences to the table below:

Sport or activity involved in

What influences impacted on participation

• All my friends play football (Peers)• My older brother plays football (Family)• They played football at my first school (Access to facilities)• I remember seeing David Beckham playing for England on the TV (Role models / media coverage)

Example:I play football for my local football team.

People

• Family – Children often take part in the same physical activity as their parents.

• Peers - People of the same age can have a great influence on their friends, ‘peer pressure’.

• Role models – Due to a combination of their skill, personality and lifestyle, role models inspire others to take up the same sport.

Factors that affect participation in physical activity

David Beckham is one of the most famous footballers in the world and

a role model to a generation of youngsters

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Image

• Fashion – Sports clothing is often worn as a fashion item regardless of whether a person plays sport. For example, replica football shirts. The equipment or clothes worn in a particular activity may have an influence over participation in the sport.

• Media coverage – The media influences the popularity of activities. The media includes television, radio, the internet and the press. An example of its power is an increase in the participation of tennis during Wimbledon.

Ian Poulter owns his own clothing line in

golf fashion

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Cultural factors• Age – As people get older there may be

restrictions to participation in physical activity due to work and family responsibilities or health problems.

• Disability – A disability may limit participation in physical activity. However, with technology most sports can be adapted.

• Gender – As sport evolves, more activities are becoming recognisable for both males and females to participate in. However, there is still gender bias associated with some sports such as football and netball.

• Race – Participation in a particular sport may be influenced by ethnic background. Due to stereotyping some people believe that different races are better at certain activities and are therefore encouraged into particular sports.

Oscar Pistorius competing in the Paralympics

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Resources

• Availability and location – Participation in sport may depend on what resources are available within the location.

• Access – Resources such as sports facilities need to be easily accessible either by foot, bike or public transport.

• Time – The time resources are open also needs to be convenient for a potential participant.

Badminton courts are often available at local leisure centres

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Health and wellbeing

• Illness – Illness will mean a person cannot participate in physical activity temporarily.

• Health problems – Health problems can affect participation in certain activities limiting choice. A doctor must be consulted to establish the appropriate level of physical activity.

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Socio-economic factors

• Cost – The cost of physical activities varies. Having money to spend on activities opens up the choices available for participation. For example playing golf or skiing is far more expensive than playing football.

• Perceived status of activity – A person’s position in society can have a bearing on the activities they take part in. For example show jumping is regarded as an upper class sport.

Princess Zara Phillips show jumping

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• The sports participation pyramidThe sports participation pyramid22The sports participation pyramid is a model of sports development. It identifies thedifferent groups of performers at each level giving them a clear pathway to the top.

ExcellenceNational and international competitions

FoundationPE and recreational sports

ParticipationSports clubs and leisure centres

PerformanceLocal and regional

coaching and competitions Participation level

When young people start to enjoy a specific activity and participate in it regularly. E.g. Attending an extra curricular sports club.

Foundation level An introduction to the activity. Basic skills are learnt. E.g. Primary PE lessons.

Excellence level This is the peak of the pyramid where people are competing at national and international level. Relatively few performers achieve this level.

Performance level Where specific skills are developed through coaching and competition. Performers are competing at regional level for their clubs.

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• Opportunities for becoming involved in Opportunities for becoming involved in physical activityphysical activity

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Performing is not the only way to become involved in physical activity, there is also the opportunity to become a coach/leader or an official.

Coaching/Leadership

A good coach needs certain qualities:

• Motivational skills to encourage performers to succeed.

• Enthusiasm for the sport they are coaching.

• Good communication skills to be able to converse with the performer.

• The ability to analyse performance and give constructive advice. Alex Ferguson has enjoyed plenty

of success as a football coach

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Officiating

A good official needs certain qualities:

• A good knowledge of the rules for that particular sport.

• Good communication skills to ensure their decisions are understood.

• To be able to remain calm in order to make fair but confident decisions.

A tennis umpire at Wimbledon uses his communication skills during a

matchVolunteersIn elite sport, coaches and officials are rewarded well financially for their efforts. However, at grass roots level volunteers who officiate and coach ensure the activities are able to continue. Many sports clubs also depend upon volunteers to fulfil roles such as club chairman or treasurer.

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• Initiatives developed to provide Initiatives developed to provide opportunities for involvement in opportunities for involvement in physical activityphysical activity

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PESSCL strategy

• The government introduced the PE School Sport & Club Links Strategy (PESSCL) in 2003 to develop the links between schools and local sports clubs.

• The aim was to ensure 85% of children had access to two hours per week of high quality PE and school sport by 2008.

• This target was achieved a year early. The 2007 School Sport Survey found that 86% of young people were taking part in a minimum of two hours per week.

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School Sports Partnerships

• School Sport Partnerships are a group of schools clustered around a sports specialist college.

• The partnership receives additional funding to allow staff to develop more sporting opportunities for students.

• The partnership allows teachers, students, coaches and club members to develop physical activity in the whole community.

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PESSYP strategy

• The PESSCL strategy has now been replaced by the PE & Sport Strategy for Young People (PESSYP) often referred to as the five hour offer.

• By 2011 the ambition outlined in the strategy is to offer all children at least five hours of sport every week, comprising:

• At least two hours high quality PE in the curriculum (5-16 year olds).• The opportunity for at least a further three hours sport beyond the school

day delivered by a range of school, community and club providers (5-19 year olds).

• The PESSYP strategy includes additional funding for:

• Further education sport co-ordinators• Competition managers• Multi sport clubs• Extended activities• National school sports week

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Youngsters playing tag rugby in an extra-curricular club

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Sport England

• Sport England is an organisation providing the strategic lead for sport in England. It is responsible for delivering the Government’s sporting objectives.

• Sport England works in partnership with UK sport, which has responsibility for elite success, and the Youth Sport Trust, which is focused on PE and school sport.

p.20Start, Stay, Succeed

Sport England is committed to creating opportunities forpeople in sport to:

• Start – Increase participation in sport in order to improve the health of the nation, with a focus on priority groups.

• Stay – Retain people in sport through an effective network of clubs, sport facilities, coaches, volunteers and competitive opportunities.

• Succeed – Create opportunities for talented performers to achieve success.

Grow, Sustain, Excel

Following the success of the Start, Stay, Succeed initiative, Sport England launched a

new strategy in June 2008 with the aim of encouraging people to take part in sport in

their community:

• Grow – Increase the number of participants in physical activity.

• Sustain – Keep people involved in physical activity once they have started

• Excel – Increase the number of talented performers through the opportunities provided by the national governing bodies.

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Youth Sport Trust’s TOP Link

• The youth sport trust is a registered charity, which aims to support and develop young people’s physical education and opportunities in sport.

• The TOP Link scheme is designed to give young people between the ages of 14 to 18 the chance to be leaders by organising and managing sports activities in local primary and special schools.

Active Kids Programme

Supermarkets and other enterprises runActive Kids campaigns in whichvouchers collected by parents can be usedby schools to buy sports equipmentfor students. An example of this is theSainsbury’s Active Kids programme.

3 Name the six main influences on participation in physical activity. (6 marks)

4 Explain how the media can help to encourage participation in physical activity and give an example. (2 marks)

5 Name the four levels of the Sports Participation Pyramid. (4 marks)

6 Besides performing, what other opportunities are there to be involved in sport or physical activity? (3 marks)

7 Sport England set up an initiative called Start, Stay, Succeed. What did it aim to achieve? (3 marks)

Total marks /20

STUDENT QUESTIONS

PE and Social Strategy for Young Pupils

PE and Sport Strategy of Youth Participants

PE and Sport Strategy for Young People

PE and Sport Science for Young People

PE and School Sport Club Links

PE, Social School Sport and Club Links

PE, School Sport and Confidence Links

PE, School Sport and Club Links

1 What do the initials PESSYP stand for? (1) 2 What do the initials PESSCL stand for? (1)

XX

• The media increase the popularity of some sports, therefore more people get involved.

• Any valid example of a sporting event inspiring participation that is explained e.g. spectators watching the London Marathon are inspired to participate in sport. Foundation, participation, performance, excellence

A

B

C

D

B

A

C

D

People, image, cultural factors, resources, health and wellbeing and socio-economic factors

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Coach / leader, official or volunteer

Sport England aimed to: Increase participation in sport in order to improve the health of the nation, with a focus on priority groups; Retain people in sport through an effective network of clubs, sports facilities, coaches, volunteers and competitive opportunities; Create opportunities for talented performers to achieve success.