11.2 COMPLEX PATTERNS OF HUMAN INHERITANCE

WHAT YOU WILL LEARN-Distinguish between various complex inheritance patterns

-PREDICT/ANALYZE outcomes-How environment can influence a trait

READING Q’s

1-DESCRIBE:What effect sickle-cell anemia has on red blood cells

-changes them to sickle or C-shaped.

READING Q’s

2-EVAULUATE-What is the most common blood type?-O

IAIA

IAiIBIB

IBiIAIB

ii

READING Q’s

3-EVALUATE-What allele is dominant of Cch

-C

READING Q’s

4-IDENTIFY-A person has 22 pairs of autosomes and 2 X chromosomes.What is the person’s gender?

-FEMALE

READING Q’s

5-DRAW CONCLUSIONS-Why is a recessive sex-linked trait less likely to occur in females than in males?

-males must inherit only one allele (AFFECTED X) to have trait

READING Q’s

6-PREDICT-Circle the genotype that represents a color-blind person

-XbY

READING Q’s

7-LIST-An example of a polygenic trait.

-skin color-height-eye color-fingerprint pattern

READING Q’s

8-EVALUATE-Circle the trait that shows the strongest genetic influence-blood types

GROUP WORK: APPLICATION NOTES

-As a cooperative group complete the note sheet using your knowledge from the reading/discussion.HIGHLIGHT/MARK supporting infoBOOK-302-310

-As a cooperative group complete the 11.2 VOCAB

-ALL GROUP MEMBERS AGREE on SAME DEFINITION

-may have DIFFERENT EXAMPLES [picture or words]

11.2 VOCAB

MAIN IDEA 

-Complex Inheritance traits are an EXCEPTION to Mendel’s research

VOCABULARY

REVIEW: gamete-mature sex cell with half (haploid) # of chromosomes1-any chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes

AUTOSOMES

2-inheritance patterns-BOTH allele traits expressed in phenotype of

hetero indv.

CODOMINANCE

3- interaction of alleles with one allele masking effects of the other

EPISTASIS

4-inheritance pattern-phenotype is a MIX of the 2 homozygous parent

traits

INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE 

VOCABULARY

5-presence of more than 2 alleles for a genetic trait

MULTIPLE ALLELES

6-inheritance pattern-trait controlled by 2 or more genes on

same/different chromosomes

POLYGENIC TRAIT

7- chromosomes determine the sex of an individual, carry sex-linked

characteristics

SEX CHROMOSOMES

8-traits controlled by genes located on sex chromosomes

SEX-LINKED TRAITS 

INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE

ANALYZE: the ratios of offspring

CODOMINANCE

DETERMINE: R=normal dominant R’=sickle cell recessiveThe correct coloumn for each phenotype

xx

x

COMDOMINANCE

PREDICT: the results of two people who are heterozygous for sickle-cell anemia but lead normal lives have a child

RR’ x RR

25% RR no alleles for disease50% RR’ heterozygous/ lead normal lives25% R’R’ homo recessive/ sickle cell disease

MULTIPLE ALLELES

IDENTIFY: the blood group that results from each combination of genotypes

EPISTASIS,SEX DET,DOSAGE COMP,SEX LINKED, POLYGENIC

ANALYZE: the role of each inheritance. Give example.

EPISTASIS,SEX DET,DOSAGE COMP,SEX LINKED, POLYGENIC

REFER: to punnett square to answer questions: sex-linked

DETERMINE: gender, color vision

1-Does the father have color-blindness? yes no2-Does the father have a recessive allele? yes

no3-What gender is the child with color-blindness? male

female

xx

x

ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

IDENTIFY: Environmental influences that can affect phenotype

TWIN STUDIES

DESCRIBE: The use of twin studies in the study of genetics.

Scientists use twin studies to distinguish between

__________________ and __________________ influences on a

trait. If a high percentage of ________________________ but

not ________________________ express a trait, there is a

strong chance that the trait is __________________.

genetic

fraternal twinsidentical twinsenvironmental

genetic