1.1.1a

1.2.1 EThe Federal Republic of Germany is astate based on the rule of lawThe principle of the legislative powers being bound by the constitutional order

The principle of the executive and the judiciary being bound by law and justice The fundamental principles shaping the state based on the rule of law are:Legislative (legislation): ParliamentExecutive (executive power): Government/AdministrationJudiciary (dispensation of justice): JusticeCitizens enjoy the protection of independent courts against unlawful acts of the administration. The principle of the separation of powers:

1.2.2 E"Social state" can be used as a normative or descriptive termBasic Law, Article 20, Paragraph 1: The Federal Republic of Germany is a democratic and social federal state. Used as a normative term, the social state designates a state based on social justice as it should be: : Basic Law, Article 28, Paragraph 1: The constitutional order in the Lnder must conform to the principles of a republican, democratic and social state governed by the rule of law, within the meaning of this Basic Law... Used as a descriptive term, the social state characterises the structure and the extent of public measures and programmes to realize greater social justice (social security and social balance). The fundamental elements of the social state are its social policies and the social services/benefits provided in this context.

1.2.3 EDemocracyBasic Law, Article 20, Paragraph 1: The Federal Republic of Germany is a democratic and social federal state. Democracy as the form of government of the Federal Republic of Germany Basic Law, Article 21, Paragraph 1: All state authority is derived from the people. It shall be exercised by the people through elections and other votes and through specific legislative, executive, and judicial bodies. Basic Law, Article 21, Paragraph 1: Political parties shall participate in the formation of the political will of the people. They may be freely established. Their internal organisation must conform to democratic principles... Democracy as pluralism of parties Democracy as a question of self-determination, participation and the power of decision-making of the citizens (the right of participation, co-decision, community action groups)

1.2.4 EFederal structure (I)Article 30 Basic Law Except as otherwise provided or permitted by this Basic Law, the exercise of state powers and the discharge of state functions is a matter for the Lnder. The Federal Republic of Germany is a federal state consisting of 16 so-called Lnder, each of which is a state in itself.Article 31 Basic Law Federal law shall take precedence over Land law. With the European integration process, subjects and regulations of the European Union are increasingly significant.

1.2.5 EFederal structure (II)Saxony-AnhaltSchleswig-HolsteinLower SaxonyNorthrhine-WestfaliaRhineland-PalatinateSaarlandBaden-WurttembergMecklenburg-Western PomeraniaBrandenburgSaxonyBavariaHamburgBremenBerlinThuringiaHesse

1.2.6 ELocal self-government The functions of local self-government in towns and counties are performed by a council representing the citizens interests. It is formed as the result of general, direct, free, equal and secret elections where citizens from other EU countries also have voting rights.There are four types of roles discharged by local authorities: Responsibilities of local authorities in their own right:1. voluntary responsibilities(e. g. theatres, sports facilities ) 2. statutory responsibilities of self-government (e. g. youth/social services/benefits ) Devolved responsibilities of local authorities:3. Statutory responsibilities by direction(e. g. fire brigade, housing benefit ) 4. Responsibilities discharged on behalf of the State(e. g. national elections, census ...)

Public finance1.2.7 EThe Federations public revenue is mainly derived from Federal taxes and the Federations share of shared taxes.The Lnder (Federal States) obtain their revenue mainly from Land taxes and the Lnders share of shared taxes as well as the Financial Equalization Scheme aiming to mitigate financial disparities between the Lnder, and from Federal complemental grants.The local authorities derive their funds mainly from community taxes, the local authorities share of the income tax as well as trade tax, and from allocations made by the respective Land. Public revenue in 2007 in billion:

The most important sources of revenue are two major shared taxes. In2007, they constituted63 % of the overall tax revenue. Income tax: 170.5 bn Turnover tax: 169.6 bn FederationFederal States (Lnder)Local Authorities 169.303272.626 286.589

Basic Law Social Code Volume I: General ProvisionsSocial Code Volume X: Procedural ProvisionsSocial Code Volume II: Basic Cost-of Living Benefit for Job SeekersSocial Code Volume III: Promotion of Employment Social Code Volume XII: Social WelfareCivil CodeAct on Advance Maintenance PaymentsFederal Child Benefit ActFederal Childcare Allowance ActFederal Parenting Benefit and Parental Leave Act Adoption Placement ActProtection of Young Persons ActLnder Convention on Youth Protection in the Media Protection of Young Persons at Work Act Vocational Education ActJuvenile Courts Act Act on the Expansion of Day Care Act on the Further Development of Child and Youth Services 1.2.8 EPosition of the Child and Youth Services Act in Federal legislation

StructuresPersonal2009

2.1.1.1 EThe Federation, the Lnder and the local authorities in child and youth services (I)Federation: Child and Youth Services Act (Kinder- und Jugendhilfegesetz, KJHG); incentives to and financial support for cross-Lnder youth services; Federal Youth Board (Bundesjugendkuratorium); four-yearly Child and Youth Report of the Federal Government. The Lnder give financial support to the organisations and bodies responsible for child and youth services in the aim of further developing and evenly balancing the expansion of provision. They assist the local youth service bodies by providing counselling and advanced training.Towns and counties establish a youth office: In the context of local self-government, they are responsible for local child and youth services including their planning and funding.

StructuresInstitutions2009

FederationLnderTowns and countiesFederal Ministry forFamilyAffairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth 16 Youth ministries of the Lnder (Federal states)Youth offices of the LnderYouth offices in all counties and towns, which are administrative districts in their own right SGB VIII Child and Youth Services Act Implementation Acts of SGB VIII Mid-term child and youth service plans AuthorityBasicsNationwide initiation and promotionInitiation, promotion, further development of voluntary and statutory child and youth servicesPlanning and funding responsibility in the context of local self-governmentInstrumentsChild and Youth Plan of the Federation (KJP) Child and Youth Report Child and Youth Plans of the Lnder Child and Youth Reports of the Lnder Local and regional facilities and offerings run by voluntary and statutory bodiesFunding and reporting2.1.1.2 EThe Federation, the Lnder and the local authorities in child and youth services (II)


2.1.2 E Bodies of the non-statutory youth work and youth servicesChild and youth services are mainly provided by non-statutory, non-profit making bodies and organisations:

FederationLnderTowns and countiesFederal Youth Council (Bundesjugendring) Land Youth Councils (Landesjugendringe) Town or county youth councilsYouth organisations at the Federal level Youth organisations at the Land level Local youth organisations and groups

Association of Voluntary Social Welfare Services(Bundesarbeitsgemeinschaft der freien Wohlfahrtspflege)Land-level working parties of welfare organisationsWorking parties of welfare organisations atthe local level (towns and counties)Umbrella organisations of voluntary welfare associations and similar associations of other organisationsUmbrella organisations of voluntary welfare associations and similar associations of other organisationsWelfare organisations,Religious communitiesOther associations and bodies, groups/initiatives


Bundestag Childrens CommissionBundestag Committee for Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and YouthOther associations at Land levelWelfare Asso-ciationsat LandlevelLand Sports Associa-tions of the dsjFederal Ministry for Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and YouthFederal Youth Board Land Child and Youth Services Committee Key: Direct connection within a given sphere of activities Delegates sent to decision-making bodies AppointmentGerman National Committee forInternational Youth WorkGermanFederalYouth Council

GermanSports Youthdsj)Council of PoliticalYouth Organisa-tions (RPJ)Other national organisations and institutions e.g. AGJ, AdB, BKJ, DJH, DJI, IJABOtherlocal organi-sationsTown or countyCommittee of RPJTown or countyyouth councilsLocalsports clubs

Local welfare organi-sationsLand Committees of RPJ2.1.3 EWelfare organi-sations Federal level Land level Municipal / county levelVoluntary child and youth servicesLand YouthCouncilsTown or County Youth Services CommitteeGerman Bundestag Federal GovernmentBundesratWorking Party of the highest youth and family authorities of the LnderUmbrella organisations of local authorities at Federal levelLand Government or Senate (in a City State)Land parliament, House of Represen-tatives or Parliament of a City StateFederal levelTown/county /municipal councilTown,county,municipalityHighestyouth authority of the LandYouth Office of the Land Land branches of the umbrella organisations of local authoritiesTown, county,municipaladministrationTown orcounty youth officeLand level Municipal / county levelStatutory child and youth services Structure of child and youth services in Germany


2.1.4 EOrganisation of the youth office at the local levelThe youth officeYouth Services Committee (JHA)Administration The Youth Services Committee deals with all matters of child and youth services and, in particular, with:counselling of young people and families with problems proposals for the further development of child and youth services youth service planning funding and support for voluntary youth service agencies.Ongoing administrative functions performed in accordance with the statutes of and the resolutions adopted by the local council and the Youth Services Committee.Composition of the Youth Services Committee:2/5 of the members are representatives of youth organisations, welfare organisations, religious communities, associations3/5 of the members are representatives of the local council.


2.1.5 EAdministrative structure of the youth office at the local level The Youth Office - central management - planning - controlling - organisation - human ressources - finance - public relationsAdministration - socio-educational services for childraising and education - adoptions - social services - support in juvenile and family court proceedings - guardianship by the Youth Office/ curatorship Social services - counselling centre - informal youth education centre - residental centreCentralfacilities - funding and operation of facilities - youth work - youth social work - socio-educa-tional services for young people - family supportGeneralsupport - funding and operation of facilities - child minding - specialist counsellingDay care forchildren

StructuresProcedures / Organisation2009

2.2.1 ECo-operation between the statutory and the voluntary sectorPrecedence of the voluntary youth services (subsidiarity principle)When activities can be provided by voluntary youth service providers, the statutory sector shall refrain from activities of its own. Funding for and promotion of voluntary youth service providersStatutory youth services are obliged to promote the voluntary services sector by providing non-material and financial support.Basic principleStatutory and voluntary youth services shall co-operate as partners.Overall responsibility of the statutory sectorThe statutory sector, i.e. the youth office, has the overall responsiblity for child and youth services.


2.2.2.1 EParticipation (pursuant to the Child and Youth Services Act)Principle: Parents and young people are citizens and entitled to benefits. They have participation rights. Professionalstaff in child and youth services are obliged to involve them.


2.2.2.2 EParticipation rights in the decision-making on specific services/benefitsRight of choice ( 5 KJHG) = right to choose among the facilities and services of various providers and organisationsInvolvement of children and young persons ( 8 KJHG) = right to information, counselling and co-decision in line with a childs specific stage of developmentGeneral orientation of education and childraising, equal rights for girls and boys ( 9 KJHG) = right to the consideration of gender-specific, social and cultural specificitiesParticipation in youth work ( 11 KJHG) = the right to co-management and co-decision is the basis of youth workParticipation of parents in day care facilities ( 22 KJHG) = right to participate in all major decisions concerning running the day care facilityParticipation in granting educational support ( 36 KJHG) = right to the joint development of an assistance plan determining the needs, the nature and the extent of support services.


2.2.3 EGender Mainstreamingaims was should ... to take the differing living conditions and interests of men and women into account in all social projects and decisions from their very beginning and on an ongoing basis.... conceived within the context of development co-operation and made obligatory for the actions of the Federal Government by the United Nations and the European Union.... not replace equal opportunities policies but make them more general, concrete and more effective.

2009 2007StructuresFunding

2.3.1 ETotalling approx. 702 billion.Social benefits in 2006 In %:

Diagramm1

34.1777163209

20.795233328

2.5643362589

1.5788746655

12.3065924817

3.1670058344

2.714291614

0.4350556601

0.2623150657

0.1687531775

21.8298255932

Old-Age Pension Insurance 34.2

Health Insurance 20.8

Nursing Care Insurance2.6

Accident Insurance1.6

Promotion of Employment12.3

Social Welfare 4.0

Child and Youth Services2.7

Other21.8

Housing Benefit 0.2

Promotion of Vocational Education0.3

Childcare Allowance 0.4

Tabelle1

200320042006

RentenversicherungMill.EUR23819623956523999934.2

KrankenversicherungMill.EUR14333713811114602620.8

PflegeversicherungMill.EUR1740717533180072.6

UnfallversicherungMill.EUR1134711298110871.6

ArbeitsfrderungMill.EUR73310735578641812.3

SozialhilfeMill.EUR2746327836222393.2

Kinder-undJugendhilfeMill.EUR1785817690190602.7

ErziehungsgeldMill.EUR3481335430550.4

AusbildungsfrderungMill.EUR1479146418420.3

WohngeldMill.EUR5209561411850.2

Sonstiges21.8

Sondersysteme7Mill.EUR57995947

LeistungssystemedesffentlichenDienstes8Mill.EUR5232752530

LeistungssystemederArbeitgeber9Mill.EUR5614956321

EntschdigungssystemeMill.EUR55325143

KindergeldundFamilienleistungsausgleich10Mill.EUR3619036182

SteuerlicheManahmen11Mill.EUR4018739173

539087536022548918

693423702209

Tabelle1

Childcare Allowance 0.4

Promotion of Vocational Education0.3

Housing Benefit 0.2

Other21.8

Child and Youth Services2.7

Social Welfare 4.0

Promotion of Employment12.3

Accident Insurance1.6

Nursing Care Insurance2.6

Health Insurance 20.8

Old-Age Pension Insurance 34.2

Tabelle2

Tabelle3


2.3.2 EExpenditure for child and youth services in 2007Overall expenditure in 2007: 22.79 bn = 3 percent of social welfare benefitsExpenditure in billion Euro:Structure of the expenditure (%):59.0 %Day care for children 26.6 %Socio-educational assistance for children with problems, provision for young adults8.0 % Youth work, socio-educational assistance for young people0.5 % General promotion of education and up-bringing by the family5.9 % other services

Diagramm4

59

26.6

8

0.5

5.9

Tabelle1

1991199420012007

10.918.619.222.7

Tageseinrichtungen fr Kinder59.0

Hilfen zur Erziehung, Hilfe fr junge Volljhrige26.6

Jugendarbeit, Jugendsozialarbeit8.0

allg. Frderung der Erziehung in der Familie0.5

Sonstige5.9

Tabelle1

Tabelle2

Tabelle3

Diagramm8

17.7

19.21

20.67

22.79

Tabelle1

1998200120042007

17.719.2120.6722.79

Tageseinrichtungen fr Kinder59.0

Hilfen zur Erziehung, Hilfe fr junge Volljhrige26.6

Jugendarbeit, Jugendsozialarbeit8.0

allg. Frderung der Erziehung in der Familie0.5

Sonstige5.9

Tabelle1

Tabelle2

Tabelle3


2.3.3 E84.7 percent of the public funding made available for child and youth services are provided by local authorities (towns, municipalities and counties)Youth offices andmunicipalities without a youth office within in a countyLand youth offices andHighest youth authorities of the LandHighest Federal authoritiesFunding sources

Diagramm7

84.7

14.3

1

Tabelle1

84.7

14.3

1.0

Tabelle1

Tabelle2

Tabelle3


2.3.4.1 EChild and Youth Plan of the Federation (I)Support goals and programmes: Political education Cultural education Youth and sports Social education Youth social workEqual opportunities for girls and boys, work with girls and boys Young people with disabilities Assistance for young people and families Assistance for children Strengthening in using the media Youth organisation workChild and youth services provided by voluntary social service agencies Further trainingNew ways of child and youth services, evaluation, innovation International youth workInternational study programmes for child and youth service professionals and social workersIntegration of young people with a migrant backgroundConstruction, acquisition, equipment and maintenance of child and youth service facilitiesDevelopment and opportunities for young people in social hotspots Other support activities Protection of children and young persons


2.3.4.2 EChild and Youth Plan of the Federation (II)Support procedures:Direct procedure for recipients of institutional supportApplication to be submitted directly to BMFSFJNational/central providers procedureApplication through federal working parties of voluntary service agenciesLnder procedureApplication through the highest youth authorities of the LnderTypes of support: Project support Institutional support


2.4.1 EFields of activity of child and youth services professionalsShare of professionals by gender, 2006 (in %):Status as from 2002

Diagramm1

11.9

88.1

Tabelle1

11 637 354 535 366 172

mwi

52332116846169178

11637354535366172

63969471381535350

11.949005323688.0509946764

MenWomen

11.988.1

Day care facilities for childrenSocio-educational assistance for childrenYouth work/ youth social workYouth offices/Land youth officesOther

66%14%9%6%5%

Tabelle1

Tabelle2

Socio-educational assistance for children 14%

Youth work/ youth social work9%

Youth offices/Land youth offices6%

Other5%

Day care facilities for children66%

Tabelle3

Diagramm5

0.66

0.14

0.09

0.06

0.05


Other5%




Tabelle1

11 637 354 535 366 172

mwi

52332116846169178

11637354535366172

63969471381535350

11.949005323688.0509946764

MenWomen

11.988.1

Day care facilities for childrenSocio-educational assistance for childrenYouth work/ youth social workYouth offices/Land youth officesOther

66%14%9%6%5%

Tabelle1

Tabelle2




Other5%


Tabelle3


2.4.2 ESocial commitment by citizens voluntary work Social work performed by volunteers: More than 600,000 people in practical areas of activity: work in youth organisations, open youth work, care activities, guardianship/custodianship,in organisations: clubs, self-help groups, boards, specialised political committees.Commitment by families: approximately60,000 foster parentsin substitute familiesin all areas of assistance/services to familiesSocial services performed by young people: approximately 13,000 persons on compulsory, non-military national service and approximately 1,750 young people doing a voluntary social service year.

2009Tasks and ObjectivesMission and Claim

3.1.1 E 1 KJHG (Child and Youth Services Act) Every young person has a right to assistance in his or her development and to an appropriate upbringing so that he or she can become a responsible and socially skilled personality.

(2) Care, upbringing and education of children are the natural right of parents and their primary duty. The state polity monitors the fulfilment of that duty.

(3) For the realisation of this right, child and youth services shall especially 1. further young persons in their individual and social development and help to avoid or remove disadvantages,2. provide educational counselling and assistance to parents and other persons having parental powers, 3. protect children and young persons from harm to their welfare, 4. help maintain or create positive living conditions and a favourable environment for children, young people and their families.

2009Tasks and ObjectivesMission and Claim

3.1.2 ETasks of child and youth services 11-60 KJHG (Child and Youth Services Act) Provisions 11-41 KJHG:Other tasks ( 42-60 KJHG):e.g. provision of care and protection, participation in the proceedings of guardianship, family and youth courts 11 15

Youth workYouth social work Socio-educational child and youth protection International youth work Support for youth organisations

16 21

Promotion of education and upbringing within the family family education family counselling family holiday schemes separation and divorce counselling 22 26

Support of children in day care facilities and day care

Crche Nursery school Day care centres self-organised group 27 41

Socio-educational servicesIntegration support for children and youth with emotional/mental disabilities Help for young adults non-residential socio-educational services foster family residential care

Tasks and ObjectivesSupport and Promotion2009

3.2.1 EYouth workYouth work offersshouldYouth work programmes are offered by youth organisations and other statutory and voluntary youth service providers. youth work in the shape of sports, games and social activities, youth work in connection with employment, school and the family, be based on the interests of young people, be co-organised and co-determined by young people,motivate young people to be socially responsible and encourage them to a social commitment.out-of-school education for young people, international youth work,holiday schemes for children and young people, counselling services for young people.empower young people to self-determination, is a field of socialisation and education in its own right and in addition to family, school and vocational education.


3.2.2 ESocio-educational provision for children and young people by promoting their school and vocational/professional education, by promoting their transition to employment by promoting their integration into society.Socio-educational provision is a bridge in the transition from school to employment: in workshops in counselling centres in training projects in residential homes for young people in integration projects for young people with a migrant background. ... assists young people in their integration :


3.2.3 ESocio-educational child and youth protectionSocio-educational child and youth protection is a general preventive counselling and education service for children, young people and their parents and shall enable young people to protect themselves against harmful influences, empower them to express constructive criticism, to take their own decisions, to take responsibility for their own actions and to show responsibility for others,improve the ability of parents and legal guardians to protect children and young people against harmful influences. Socio-educational child and youth protection is realized, e.g. through: activities involving the parents (in kindergartens), family education courses, family planning activities, youth work or general information campaigns (on AIDS, drugs etc.).


3.2.4 EYouth protection in the media Subset of the youth protection with increasing significanceMission: Keeping influences on children and youth at bay, when they come from the adult world and are not in conformity with the level of development of youth in the aim of supporting the personality development of children and youthConflicting purposes of the freedom of expression, the freedom of science and the arts responsibilities and objectives of youth protectionLegislative foundations: The Protection of Young Persons Act (Jugendschutzgesetz, JuSchG) and the Lnder Convention on Youth Protection in the Media (Jugendmedienschutz-Staatsvertrag, JMStV) provide the legal framework for hardcopy media and online media.


3.2.5 EInstitutions for the Protection of Youth in the MediaInstitutions for the protection of youth in the media assess media contents in view of their potential risk or harmfulness for young persons and establish rules for their dissemination to the public The Federal Department for Media Harmful to Young Persons (Bundesprfstelle fr jugendgefhrdende Medien) as the competent federal agency (pursuant to JuSchG)Commission for the Protection of Youth in the Media (Kommission fr Jugendmedienschutz, KJM) as an institution of the Land Media Agencies on the Lnder level (pursuant to JMStV) and as the central supervisory agency; in association with: jugendschutz.net (for telemedia)Institutions of voluntary self-control accredited to KJM (as regards broadcast and telemedia) or to the highest Land youth authorities (as regards films and computer games)


3.2.6 EPromotion of education and upbringing in the familyIn our modern society, education and upbringing/care in the family are confronted with demands, challenges and risks.Families/parents need a wide range of counselling services, support and relief to succeed in bringing up and educating their children.The task of child and youth services is to strengthen the parents responsibility for the care and education of their children by providing: counselling on educational/care issues leisure time and holiday schemes for families family education support for single parents counselling on partnership, separation, divorce issues.


3.2.7 ETasks of day care programmes for childrenDay care programmes for children aim toThe main tasks of day care programmes areCareEnsuring the childrens care and supervisionSocial educationTeaching the children norms and values as well as social skillsEducationTeaching the children skills and abilitiessupport the parentspromote the development of children

Documents

1.1.1a