1.1.1a

© 2007

Tasks and ObjectivesStructures Structural Framework

1.1.1a

Child and Youth Services in Germany

© 2007 www.kinder-jugendhilfe.info©

Imprint

Edited by

Funded by

Design: Bohm, Nonnen, Urhahn Darmstadt

Coordination und Editorial Support: Dr. Dirk Hänisch

Expert Advice: Prof. Ullrich Gintzel (Dresden) Dr. Erwin Jordan (Münster) Dr. Reinhold Schone (Dortmund) Hartmut Schulz (Berlin)Reinhard Schwalbach (Bonn)Norbert Struck (Berlin)

www.kinder-jugendhilfe.info

Responsible: Marie-Luise Dreber (Director, IJAB)

Internet:

2009 GB


Content

1.1 Society1.1.1Family

1.1.2 Children today

1.1.3 – 1.1.4Demographic development

1.1.5 – 1.1.6Migration

1.1.8Young people live in a push-and-pull situation

1.1.9 School (education) is to …

1.1.10 Number of pupils in Germany according to school types 2006

1.1.11Education system

1.1.12 – 1.1.13Education is of high value

1.1.14Involvement/participation

1.1.15Greater severity of social problems

1.2 The State1.2.1 The Federal Republic of Germany is a state based on the rule of law

1.2.2"Social state" can be used as a normative or descriptive term

1.2.3Democracy

1.2.4 – 1.2.5Federal structure

1.2.6Local self-government

1.2.7Public finance

1.2.8Position of the Child and Youth Services Act in Federal legislation

2009 GB

1. Structural Framework

1.1.7Characteristics of young migrants

1.1.7.1Share of migrants according to Länder (Federal states)


Content

2. Structures

2.1 Institutions2.1.1.1 – 2.1.1.2The Federation, the Länder and the local authorities in child and youth services

2.1.2Bodies of the non-statutory youth work and youth services

2.1.3Structure of child and youth services in Germany

2.1.4Organisation of the youth office at the local level

2.1.5Administrative structure of the youth office at the local level

2.2 Procedures / Organisation

2.2.1Co-operation between the statutory and the voluntary sector

2.2.2.1Participation (pursuant to the Child and Youth Services Act)

2.2.2.2Participation rights in the decision-making on specific services/benefits

2009 GB

2.2.3Gender Mainstreaming

2.3 Funding

2.3.1Social benefits in 2006

2.3.2Expenditure for child and youth services in 2007

2.3.3Funding sources

2.3.4.1 – 2.3.4.3Child and Youth Plan of the Federation

2.4.1Fields of activity of child and youth services professionals

2.4.2Social commitment by citizens – voluntary work

2.4 Personal


3. Tasks and Objectives

3.1 Mission and Claim

3.1.1§ 1 KJHG (Child and Youth Services Act)

3.1.2Tasks of child and youth services §§ 11-60 KJHG (Child and Youth Services Act)

3.2.1Youth work

3.2.2Socio-educational provision for children and young people

3.2.3Socio-educational child and youth protection

3.2.4Youth protection in the media

3.2.5Institutions for the Protection of Youth in the Media

3.2.6Promotion of education and upbringing in the familiy

3.2 Support and Promotion

Content

3.2.7Tasks of day care programmes for children

2009 GB

2009

www.kinder-jugendhilfe.info©

Structural Framework Society

1.1.1 E

The family as a communityof adults (parents) and children …

is subject to change processes

Tendencies

changing values.

is highly appreciated - also by young people

is a focal point of life for children

two-generation family

fewer children / one-child family

differentiation of ways of life in the family

enjoys the special protection of the state.

2009



1.1.2 E

Children today ...

are (normally) planned for and wanted,

have siblings less frequently (are only children) and have fewer relatives,

spend more time in educational institutions,

are subject to the influence of a variety of media,

live more frequently in metropolitan areas (city children),

have rights and are entitled to e.g. :

- protection against economic and sexual exploitation.

- parental care,

- equal opportunities,

- health,

- education,

- play and leisure time,

- freedom of opinion,

- information and legal hearing,

- an upbringing without violence,

2009



1.1.1a

1.1.3 E

Demographic development (I)

Population figures in Germany as at 31 December 2004 (in millions):

Children under 6

Children between 6 and 13

Young people between 14 and 18

Adolescents between 18 and 20

Young adults between 21 and 27

In an overall population of 82.3 million, a total of 28 percent was less than 27 years old.

5.9

2.9

3.6

6.4

4.2

2009



1.1.1a

1.1.4 E

Demographic development (II)

Since 1997, there have been more older inhabitants (persons over 60 years of age) than younger ones (persons below 20 years of age) in the Federal Republic of Germany.

Due to steadily declining birth rates, fewer and fewer children grow up to attend the various levels of the education system.

In the Eastern Länder (Federal States) of the Federal Republic of Germany, there is an even more drastic decline of the birth rate.

This is exacerbated by a considerable rate of young people migrating to the Western Länder for economic reasons.

2009



33.9 30.1 28.0 23.6 21.5 12.4

1.1.1a

1.1.5 E

Migration (I)

In 2007, the share of migrants in the total population amounted to 18.7 %. With 27.3%, the share is even higher among the under 25-year-olds (5.7 million persons).

Demographic share of persons with a migrant background according to age group (2007):

≥450 - 5 6 - 9 10 - 15 16 - 24 25 - 44

2009



1.1.1a

1.1.6 E

Migration (II)

In 2007, the share of migrants in the total population amounted to 18.7 %. With 27.3%, the share is even higher among the under 25-year-olds (5.7 million persons).

7.5 % second-generation Germans having one parent with

a migrant background

Types of migration:

10 % foreign nationals

3.1 % ethnic German (re-)settlers

6.7 % naturalised children and youths72.8 27.2

2009



1.1.1a

1.1.7 E

Characteristics of young migrants

Uneven social and geographical distribution and concentration incertain regions and neighbourhoods (socio-geographical segregation).

Considerable heterogeneity of national origins in this population of children and youth.

Wide differences in the levels of education of persons with a migrant background versus non-migrants.

(Statistically,) the opportunities of German youths for completing their vocational education is higher by a factor of at least 2 to 5.

Youth unemployment among migrants is significantly higher than for young people without a migrant background.

Differing immigration experiences in various groups of young migrants.

A third of all second-generation and third-generation migrants does not have a vocational education certificate.

2009



1.1.7.1 E

Share of migrants according to Länder (Federal states)

Source: Mikrozensus 2007

4.8

12.6

17.1

17.7

18

18.4

19.2

23.4

23.8

24.1

25.3

25.6

26.3

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Eastern Länder together

Schleswig-Holstein

Lower Saxony

Saarland

Rhineland-Palatinate

Germany

Bavaria

Northrhine-Westfalia

Berlin

Hesse

Baden-Wurttemberg

Bremen

Hamburg

Share of Migrants in the Total Population in Percent

2009



1.1.8 E

Young people live in a push-and-pull situation of …

favorable development conditions and intensified competition,

commercialised leisure time and self-organisation,

integration/emancipation and exclusion,

traditions and modern life.

Of importance for young people are… ... of lesser importance are:

- religion.

- financial security,

- good job/interesting work,

- partnership,

- family and children,

- living with others in harmony,

- achievements in life,

- political activities,

- faith,

2009



1.1.9 E

School (education) is to …

prepare the transition to vocational training and a job,

compensate for social disadvantages (equal opportunities),

make social problems transparent and present options to take action.

promote social skills,

assess achievement,

impart knowledge,

2009



1.1.10 E

Number of pupils in Germany according to school types 2006(m):

45.5 % 24.1 %

10.9 % 19.5 %

Primary school: 3.16

Grammar school: 2.45

Secondarymodern school: 1.30

Secondary technical school: 1.05

Comprehensive school: 0.59

Grammar 45.5%

Sec. modern 24.1%

Sec. technical 19.5%

Comprehensive 10,9%

Pupils attending secondary schools (in %):

2009



1.1.11 E

Prim

ary

scho

ol

Elementarylevel

Secondaryschool level I

Grammar school classes 11-12/13

Vocational school/

company

Var

ious

for

ms

of

gene

ral,

pro

fess

ion

al a

nd s

cie

ntifi

c fu

rthe

r ed

ucat

ion

Higher technical school

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Night school level II /Evening classes

Nur

sery

sch

ool

Grammar school

Comprehensive school

Secondary technicalschool

Secondary modern school

Technical school

College of Voc. Studies

University

Technical University

College of Advanced Technology

College of Education

College of Art

College of Music

University of AppliedSciences

College of Public Administration

College of AdvancedVocational Studies

Special schools

Year of age

Primarylevel

Secondaryschool level II Tertiary level Further education

Education system

2009



1.1.12 E

Education is of high value (I)

57.0 % of all school leavers in 2005 want to take up a dual vocational education course (in companies/vocational school) after finishing their general education,

51.6 % of those aiming at vocational training in the “dual system“ (company andvocational school) were successful in the same year.

The rate of finding a training position was only 42% among young people with a migrant background, while school leavers without a migrant background showed a success rate of 54.1%.

11.6 % want to start a higher education course (university/university of applied sciences)

5.0 % want to attend a full-time vocational school (technical school) or

Source: Berufsbildungsbericht 2007

2009



1.1.13 E

Education is of high value (II)

Problems:

insufficient supply of vocational training places

insufficient previous qualifications

specific disadvantages of certain target groups

Remedies provided by:

the Basic Vocational Training Year, Preparatory Vocational Training Year

out-of-company training

promotion programmes of the Federal Agency for Employment

gender-specific choice of vocational training

youth unemployment

youth social work etc.

2009



1.1.14 E

Involvement/participation

Problems/limitations Involvement ...

Gap between personal concerns and the complexity of parliamentary/democratic decision-making processes.

Predominantly...

involvement in groups and initiatives of a manageable size.

is of vital importance for a democratic political system,

presupposes that young people have concrete opportunities of influencing societal and political processes.

Dominant private interests

2009



1.1.15 E

Greater severity of social problems

Demographic development

Higher incidence of crises in young people‘s biographies

Higher incidence of stress in and excessive demands on the family

Increasing unemployment, also among young people

Reduced social services/benefits for families

Growing doubts about the problem-solving capabilities of the political system

Consequently:

The participation of young people and a further development of democracy will be of vital importance for overcoming social problems and crises.


Structural Framework The State 2009

1.2.1 E

The Federal Republic of Germany is a state based on the rule of law

The principle of the legislative powers being bound by the constitutional order

The principle of the executive and the judiciary being bound by law and justice

The fundamental principles shaping the state based on the rule of law are:

Legislative (legislation): Parliament

Executive (executive power): Government/Administration

Judiciary (dispensation of justice): Justice

Citizens enjoy the protection of independent courts against unlawful acts of the administration.

The principle of the separation of powers:



1.2.2 E

"Social state" can be used as a normative or descriptive term

Basic Law, Article 20, Paragraph 1: „ The Federal Republic of Germany is a democratic and social federal state. “

Used as a normative term, the ‘social state’ designates a state based on social justice as it should be: :

Basic Law, Article 28, Paragraph 1: „ The constitutional order in the Länder must conform to the principles of a republican, democratic and social state governed by the rule of law, within the meaning of this Basic Law... “

Used as a descriptive term, the ‘social state’ characterises the structure and the extent of public measures and programmes to realize greater social justice (social security and social balance). The fundamental elements of the social state are its social policies and the social services/benefits provided in this context.



1.2.3 E

Democracy

Basic Law, Article 20, Paragraph 1: „ The Federal Republic of Germany is a democratic and social federal state. “

Democracy as the form of government of the Federal Republic of Germany

Basic Law, Article 21, Paragraph 1: „ All state authority is derived from the people. It shall be exercised by the people through elections and other votes and through specific legislative, executive, and judicial bodies. “

Basic Law, Article 21, Paragraph 1: „ Political parties shall participate in the formation of the political will of the people. They may be freely established. Their internal organisation must conform to democratic principles... “

Democracy as pluralism of parties

Democracy as a question of self-determination, participation and the power of decision-making of the citizens (the right of participation, co-decision, community action groups)



1.2.4 E

Federal structure (I)

Article 30 Basic Law„ Except as otherwise provided or permitted by this Basic Law, the

exercise of state powers and the discharge of state functions is a matter for the Länder. “

The Federal Republic of Germany is a federal state consisting of 16 so-called Länder, each of which is a state in itself.

Article 31 Basic Law„ Federal law shall take precedence over Land law. “

With the European integration process, subjects and regulations of the European Union are increasingly significant.



1.2.5 E

Federal structure (II)

Saxony-Anhalt

Schleswig-Holstein

Lower Saxony

Northrhine-Westfalia

Rhineland-Palatinate

Saarland

Baden-Wurttemberg

Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania

Brandenburg

Saxony

Bavaria

Hamburg

Bremen

Berlin

Thuringia

Hesse



1.2.6 E

Local self-government

The functions of local self-government in towns and counties are performed by a council representing the citizens‘ interests. It is formed as the result of general, direct, free, equal and secret elections where citizens from other EU countries also have voting rights.

There are four types of roles discharged by local authorities:

Responsibilities of local authorities in their own right:

1. voluntary responsibilities(e. g. theatres, sports facilities …)

2. statutory responsibilities of self-government (e. g. youth/social services/benefits …)

Devolved responsibilities of local authorities:

3. Statutory responsibilities by direction(e. g. fire brigade, housing benefit …)

4. Responsibilities discharged on behalf of the State(e. g. national elections, census ...)



Public finance

1.2.7 E

The Federation’s public revenue is mainly derived from Federal taxes and the Federation‘s share of shared taxes.

The Länder (Federal States) obtain their revenue mainly from Land taxes and the Länders‘ share of shared taxes as well as the Financial Equalization Scheme aiming to mitigate financial disparities between the Länder, and from Federal‚ complemental grants.

The local authorities derive their funds mainly from community taxes, the local authorities‘ share of the income tax as well as trade tax, and from allocations made by the respective Land.

Public revenue in 2007 in billion €:The most important sources of revenue are two major shared taxes.In 2007, they constituted 63 % of the overall tax revenue.

Income tax: € 170.5 bn Turnover tax: € 169.6 bn

Federation Federal States (Länder)

Local Authorities

€ 169.303€272.626€ 286.589



Social Code VIII(Article 1 KJHG)

Basic Law Social Code – Volume I:

General Provisions Social Code – Volume X:

Procedural Provisions Social Code – Volume II: Basic Cost-of

Living Benefit for Job Seekers Social Code – Volume III: Promotion of

Employment

Social Code – Volume XII: Social Welfare

Civil Code

Act on Advance Maintenance Payments

Federal Child Benefit Act

Federal Childcare Allowance Act

Federal Parenting Benefit and Parental Leave Act

Adoption Placement Act

Protection of Young Persons Act

Länder Convention on Youth Protection in the Media

Protection of Young Persons at Work Act

Vocational Education Act

Juvenile Courts Act

Act on the Expansion of Day Care Act on the Further Development of

Child and Youth Services

1.2.8 E

Position of the Child and Youth Services Act in Federal legislation

© www.kinder-jugendhilfe.info

Structures Personal 2009

2.1.1.1 E

The Federation, the Länder and the local authorities in childand youth services (I)

Federation: Child and Youth Services Act (Kinder- und Jugendhilfegesetz, KJHG); incentives to and financial support for cross-Länder youth services; Federal Youth Board (Bundesjugendkuratorium); four-yearly Child and Youth Report of the Federal Government.

The Länder give financial support to the organisations and bodies responsible for child and youth services in the aim of further developing and evenly balancing the expansion of provision. They assist the local youth service bodies by providing counselling and advanced training.

Towns and counties establish a youth office: In the context of local self-government, they are responsible for local child and youth services including their planning and funding.

Structures Institutions 2009


Federation Länder Towns and counties

Federal Ministry for Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth

16 Youth ministries of the Länder (Federal states)Youth offices of the Länder

Youth offices in all counties and towns, which are administrative districts in their own right

SGB VIII Child and Youth Services Act

Implementation Acts of SGB VIII

Mid-term child and youth service plans

Authority

Basics

Nationwide initiation and promotion

Initiation, promotion, further development of voluntary and statutory child and youth services

Planning and funding responsibility in the context of local self-government

Instruments

Child and Youth Plan of the Federation (KJP)

Child and Youth Report

Child and Youth Plans of the LänderChild and Youth Reports of the Länder

Local and regional facilities and offerings run by voluntary and statutory bodies

Funding and reporting

2.1.1.2 E

The Federation, the Länder and the local authorities in child and youth services (II)


© www.kinder-jugendhilfe.info2.1.2 E

Bodies of the non-statutory youth work and youth services

Child and youth services are mainly provided by non-statutory, non-profit making bodies and organisations:

Federation Länder Towns and counties

Federal Youth Council (Bundesjugendring)

Land Youth Councils(Landesjugendringe)

Town or county youth councils

Youth organisations at the Federal level

Youth organisations at the Land level

Local youth organisations and groups

Association of Voluntary Social Welfare Services(Bundesarbeitsgemeinschaft der freien Wohlfahrtspflege)

Land-level working parties of welfare organisations

Working parties of welfare organisations atthe local level (towns and counties)

Umbrella organisations of voluntary welfare associations and similar associations of other organisations

Umbrella organisations of voluntary welfare associations and similar associations of other organisations

Welfare organisations,Religious communitiesOther associations and bodies, groups/initiatives



Bundestag Children‘s

Commission

Bundestag Committee for Family Affairs,

Senior Citizens, Women and

Youth

Other associations at Land level

Welfare Asso-

ciationsat Land

level

Land Sports

Associa-tions of the

dsj

Federal Ministry for Family Affairs,

Senior Citizens, Women and

Youth

Federal Youth Board

Land Child and Youth Services

Committee

Key: Direct connection within a given sphere of activities Delegates sent to decision-making bodies Appointment

German National Committee for

International Youth Work

GermanFederalYouth

Council

GermanSportsYouth（ dsj)

Councilof Political

Youth Organisa-

tions (RPJ)

Other national organisations

and institutions e.g. AGJ, AdB, BKJ, DJH, DJI,

IJAB

Otherlocal

organi-sations

Town or county

Committee of RPJ

Town or county

youth councils

Localsportsclubs

Local welfare organi-sations

Land Committees

of RPJ

2.1.3 E

Welfare organi-sations

Fed

eral

leve

l La

nd

leve

l M

unic

ipal

/

coun

ty le

vel

Voluntary child and youth services

LandYouth

Councils

Town or CountyYouth Services

Committee

German Bundestag

Federal Government

Bundesrat

Working Party of the highest youth and

family authorities of the Länder

Umbrella organisations of local authorities at Federal level

Land Government or Senate (in a

City State)

Land parliament, House of Represen-tatives or Parliament

of a City State

Federal level

Town/county /municipal council

Town,county,

municipality

Highestyouth

authority of the Land

Youth Office of the Land

Land branches of the umbrella organisations of local authorities

Town, county,municipal

administrationTown or

county youth office

Land le

vel

Municipal / county level

Statutory child and youth services

Structure of child and youth services in Germany



Organisation of the youth office at the local level

The youth office

Youth Services Committee (JHA) Administration

The Youth Services Committee deals with all matters of child and youth services and, in particular, with: counselling of young people and

families with problems proposals for the further

development of child and youth services youth service planning

funding and support for voluntary youth service agencies.

Ongoing administrative functions performed in accordance with the statutes of and the resolutions adopted by the local council and the Youth Services Committee.

Composition of the Youth Services Committee:2/5 of the members are representatives of youth organisations, welfare organisations, religious communities, associations3/5 of the members are representatives of the local council.



Administrative structure of the youth office at the local level

The Youth Office

Head of the Youth Office

- central management

- planning

- controlling

- organisation

- human ressources

- finance

- public relations

Administration

- socio-educational services for childraising and education

- adoptions

- social services

- support in juvenile and family court proceedings

- guardianship by the Youth Office/ curatorship

Social services

- counselling centre

- informal youth education centre

- residental centre

Centralfacilities

- funding and operation of facilities

- youth work

- youth social work

- socio-educa-tional services for young people

- family support

Generalsupport

- funding and operation of facilities

- child minding

- specialist counselling

Day care forchildren

Youth Services Committee


Structures Procedures / Organisation 2009

2.2.1 E

Co-operation between the statutory and the voluntary sector

Precedence of the voluntary youth services (subsidiarity principle)When activities can be provided by voluntary youth service providers, the

statutory sector shall refrain from activities of its own.

Funding for and promotion of voluntary youth service providersStatutory youth services are obliged to promote the voluntary services sector by providing non-material and financial support.

Basic principleStatutory and voluntary youth services shall co-operate as partners.

Overall responsibility of the statutory sectorThe statutory sector, i.e. the youth office, has the overall responsiblity for

child and youth services.



2.2.2.1 E

Participation (pursuant to the Child and Youth Services Act)

Principle:

Parents and young people are citizens and entitled to benefits.

They have participation rights.

Professional staff in child and youth services are obliged to involve them.



2.2.2.2 E

Participation rights in the decision-making on specific services/benefits

Right of choice (§ 5 KJHG) = right to choose among the facilities and services of various providers and organisations

Involvement of children and young persons (§ 8 KJHG) = right to information, counselling and co-decision in line with a child’s specific stage ofdevelopment

General orientation of education and childraising, equal rights for girls and boys (§ 9 KJHG) = right to the consideration of gender-specific, social and cultural specificities

Participation in youth work (§ 11 KJHG) = the right to co-management and co-decision is the basis of youth work

Participation of parents in day care facilities (§ 22 KJHG) = right to participate in all major decisions concerning running the day care facility

Participation in granting educational support (§ 36 KJHG) = right to the joint development of an assistance plan determining the needs, the nature and the extent of support services.



2.2.3 E

Gender Mainstreaming

aims …

was …

should …

... to take the differing living conditions and interests of men and women into account in all social projects and decisions from their very beginning and on an ongoing basis.

... conceived within the context of development co-operation and made obligatory for the actions of the Federal Government by the United Nations and the European Union.

... not replace equal opportunities policies but make them more general, concrete and more effective.

2009

© 2007© www.kinder-jugendhilfe.info

Structures Funding

2.3.1 E

Totalling approx. € 702 billion.

Social benefits in 2006

In %:

Old-Age Pension Insurance 34.2

Health Insurance 20.8

Nursing Care Insurance

2.6

Accident Insurance

1.6

Promotion of Employment

12.3

Social Welfare 4.0

Child and Youth Services

2.7

Other21.8

Housing Benefit 0.2

Promotion of Vocational Education

0.3

Childcare Allowance

0.4

2009


Structures Funding

59.0%

5.9%0.5%

8.0%

26.6%

2.3.2 E

Expenditure for child and youth services in 2007

Overall expenditure in 2007: € 22.79 bn = 3 percent of social welfare benefits

Expenditure in billion Euro:

Structure of the expenditure (%):

59.0 % Day care for children 26.6 % Socio-educational assistance for

children with problems, provision for young adults

8.0 % Youth work, socio-educational assistance for young people

0.5 % General promotion of education and up-bringing by the family

5.9 % other services

17.719.21

20.67

22.79

1998 2001 2004 2007

2009


Structures Funding

84.7%

1.0%

14.3%

2.3.3 E

84.7 percent of the public funding made available for child and youth services

are provided by local authorities (towns, municipalities and counties)

Youth offices andmunicipalities without a youth office within in a county

Land youth offices andHighest youth authorities of the Land

Highest Federal authorities

Funding sources

2009


Structures Funding

2.3.4.1 E

Child and Youth Plan of the Federation (I)

Support goals and programmes:

Political education

Cultural education

Youth and sports

Social education

Youth social work

Equal opportunities for girls and boys, work with girls and boys

Young people with disabilities

Assistance for young people and families

Assistance for children

Strengthening in using the media

Youth organisation work

Child and youth services provided by voluntary social service agencies

Further training

New ways of child and youth services, evaluation, innovation

International youth work

International study programmes for child and youth service professionals and social workers

Integration of young people with a migrant background

Construction, acquisition, equipment and maintenance of child and youth service facilities

Development and opportunities for young people in social hotspots

Other support activities

Protection of children and young persons

2009


Structures Funding

2.3.4.2 E

Child and Youth Plan of the Federation (II)

Support procedures:

Direct procedure for recipients of institutional supportApplication to be submitted directly to BMFSFJ

National/central providers procedureApplication through federal working parties of voluntary service agencies

Länder procedureApplication through the highest youth authorities of the Länder

Types of support:

Project support

Institutional support



88%

12%

Men Women

2.4.1 E

Fields of activity of child and youth services professionals

Share of professionals by gender, 2006 (in %):

Day care facilities for

children66%

Other5%

Youth offices/Land youth offices

6%Youth work/ youth social

work9%

Socio-educational

assistance for children

14%

Status as from 2002



2.4.2 E

Social commitment by citizens – voluntary work

Social work performed by volunteers: More than 600,000 people

in practical areas of activity: work in youth organisations, open youth work, care activities, guardianship/custodianship,

in organisations: clubs, self-help groups, boards, specialised political committees.

Commitment by families: approximately 60,000 foster parents

in substitute families

in all areas of assistance/services to families

Social services performed by young people: approximately 13,000 persons on compulsory, non-military national service and approximately 1,750 young people doing a voluntary social service year.

2009

©

Tasks and Objectives Mission and Claim

3.1.1 E

§ 1 KJHG (Child and Youth Services Act)

(1) Every young person has a right to assistance in his or her development and to an appropriate upbringing so that he or she can become a responsible and socially skilled personality.

(2) Care, upbringing and education of children are the natural right of parents and their primary duty. The state polity monitors the fulfilment of that duty.

(3) For the realisation of this right, child and youth services shall especially

1. further young persons in their individual and social development and help to avoid or remove disadvantages,

2. provide educational counselling and assistance to parents and other persons having parental powers,

3. protect children and young persons from harm to their welfare,

4. help maintain or create positive living conditions and a favourable environment for children, young people and their families.

2009

©

Tasks and Objectives Mission and Claim

3.1.2 E

Tasks of child and youth services §§ 11-60 KJHG (Child and Youth Services Act)

Provisions §§ 11-41 KJHG:

Other tasks (§§ 42-60 KJHG):

e.g. provision of care and protection,participation in the proceedings of guardianship, family and youth courts

§§ 11 – 15

Youth workYouth social work Socio-educational child and youth protection

International youthwork

Support for youth organisations

§§ 16 – 21

Promotion of education and upbringing within the family

family education family counselling family holiday schemes

separation and divorce counselling

§§ 22 – 26

Support of children in day care facilities and day care

Crêche Nursery school Day care centres self-organised group

§§ 27 – 41

Socio-educational servicesIntegration support for children and youth with emotional/mental disabilities Help for young adults

non-residential socio-educational services foster family residential care

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Tasks and Objectives Support and Promotion 2009

3.2.1 E

Youth work

Youth work offers should

Youth work programmes are offered by youth organisations and other statutory and voluntary youth service providers.

youth work in the shape of sports, games and social activities,

youth work in connection with employment, school and the family,

be based on the interests of young people,

be co-organised and co-determined by young people,

motivate young people to be socially responsible and encourage them to a social commitment.

out-of-school education for young people,

international youth work, holiday schemes for children and

young people, counselling services for young

people.

empower young people to self-determination,

… is a field of socialisation and education in its own right and in addition to family, school and vocational education.

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3.2.2 E

Socio-educational provision for children and young people

by promoting their school and vocational/professional education,

by promoting their transition to employment

by promoting their integration into society.

Socio-educational provision is a bridge in the transition from school to employment:

in workshops

in counselling centres in training projects

in residential homes for young people

in integration projects for young people with a migrant background.

... assists young people in their integration :

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3.2.3 E

Socio-educational child and youth protection

Socio-educational child and youth protection is a general preventive counselling and education service for children, young people and their parents and shall

enable young people to protect themselves against harmful influences, empower them to express constructive criticism, to take their own decisions, to take responsibility for their own actions and to show responsibility for others,

improve the ability of parents and legal guardians to protect children and young people against harmful influences.

Socio-educational child and youth protection is realized, e.g. through:

activities involving the parents (in kindergartens),

family education courses,

family planning activities,

youth work or

general information campaigns (on AIDS, drugs etc.).

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3.2.4 E

Youth protection in the media

Subset of the youth protection with increasing significance

Mission: Keeping influences on children and youth at bay, when they come from the adult world and are not in conformity with the level of development of youth in the aim of supporting the personality development of children and youth

Conflicting purposes of the freedom of expression, the freedom of science and the arts responsibilities and objectives of youth protection

Legislative foundations: The Protection of Young Persons Act (Jugendschutzgesetz, JuSchG) and the Länder Convention on Youth Protection in the Media (Jugendmedienschutz-Staatsvertrag, JMStV) provide the legal framework for hardcopy media and online media.

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3.2.5 E

Institutions for the Protection of Youth in the Media

Institutions for the protection of youth in the media assess media contents in view of their potential risk or harmfulness for young persons and establish rules for their dissemination to the public

The Federal Department for Media Harmful to Young Persons (Bundesprüfstelle für jugendgefährdende Medien) as the competent federal agency (pursuant to JuSchG)

Commission for the Protection of Youth in the Media (Kommission für Jugendmedienschutz, KJM) as an institution of the Land Media Agencies on the Länder level (pursuant to JMStV) and as the central supervisory agency; in association with: jugendschutz.net (for telemedia)

Institutions of voluntary self-control accredited to KJM (as regards broadcast and telemedia) or to the highest Land youth authorities (as regards films and computer games)

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3.2.6 E

Promotion of education and upbringing in the family

In our modern society, education and upbringing/care in the family are confronted with demands, challenges and risks.

Families/parents need a wide range of counselling services, support and relief to succeed in bringing up and educating their children.

The task of child and youth services is to strengthen the parents‘ responsibility for the care and education of their children by providing:

counselling on educational/care issues

leisure time and holiday schemes for families

family education

support for single parents

counselling on partnership, separation, divorce issues.

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3.2.7 E

Tasks of day care programmes for children

Day care programmes for childrenaim to

The main tasks of day care programmes are

CareEnsuring the children’s care and supervision

Social educationTeaching the children norms and values as well as social skills

EducationTeaching the children skills and abilities

support the parents

promote the development of children

Documents

1.1.1a