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UML

VRML 2.0 Scene Graph Structure

Group

Transformation

Shape

Nodes

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UML

Shape Node:Contained Nodes

Shape

BoxConeCylinderSphereExtrusion

Text PointSet

IndexedLineSet

IndexedFaceSet

ElevationGrid

FontStyle Coordinate Color Normal TextureCoordinate

geometry

Material Image, MoviePixelTexture

TextureTransform

Appearance

appearance

color

color

colorco

ord coo

rd coord

color

fontStyle

normal

normal

texCoord

texCoord

material

texture

textureTransform

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UML

Text Node DefinitionfontStyle Node Definition Text {

exposedField MFString string []exposedField SFNode fontStyle NULLexposedField MFFloat length []exposedField SFFloat maxExtent 0.0

}

FontStyle {field MFString family “SERIF” field SFBool horizontal TRUEfield MFString justify “BEGIN”field SFSring language ““field SFFloat size 1.0field SFFloat spacing 1.0field SFString style “PLAIN”field SFBool topToBottom TRUEfield SFBool leftToRight TRUE

}

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UML

Appearance & Material Nodes

Appearance {exposedField SFNode material NULLexposedField SFNode texture NULLexposedField SFNode textureTransform NULL

}

Material {exposedField SFFloat ambientIntensity 0.2exposedField SFColor diffuseColor 0.8 0.8 0.8exposedField SFColor emissiveColor 0 0 0 exposedField SFFloat shininess 0.2exposedField SFColor specularColor 0 0 0exposedField SFFloat transparency 0

}

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UML

Texture Node Definitions

ImageTexture {exposedField MFString url []field SFBool repeatS TRUEfeild SFBool repeatT TRUE

}

PixelTexture {exposedField SFImage image 0 0 0field SFBool repeatS TRUEfeild SFBool repeatT TRUE

}

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UML

Texture Node Definitions,Continued

MovieTexture {exposedField SFBool loop FALSEexposedField SFFloat speed 1exposedField SFTime startTime 0exposedField SFTime stopTime 0exposedField MFString url []field SFBool repeatS TRUEfield SFBool repeatT TRUEeventOut SFFloat duration_changedeventOut SFBool isActive

}

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UML

Lighting in VRML 2.0Directional Light Source

DirectionalLight {exposedField SFFloat ambientIntensity 0exposedField SFColor color 1 1 1exposedField SFVec3f direction 0 0 -1exposedField SFFloat intensity 1exposedField SFBool on TRUE

}

Directional lights are “scoped” to illuminate only objects intheir group.

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UML

Lighting in VRML 2.0Point Light Sources

PointLight {exposedField SFFloat ambientIntensity 0exposedField SFVec3f attenuation 1 0 0exposedField SFColor color 1 1 1exposedField SFFloat intensity 1exposedField SFVec3f location 0 0 0exposedField SFBool on TRUEexposedField SFFloat radius 100

}

Scoping for the PointLight is given by the radius field,beyond which no objects are illuminated

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UML

Lighting in VRML 2.0Spotlights

SpotLight {exposedField SFFloat ambientIntensity 0exposedField SFVec3f attenuation 1 0 0exposedField SFFloat beamwidth 1.570796exposedField SFColor color 1 1 1exposedField SFFloat cutOffAngle 0.785398exposedField SFVec3f direction 0 0 -1exposedField SFFloat intensity 1exposedField SFVec3f location 0 0 0exposedField SFBool on TRUEexposedField SFFloat radius 100

}

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UML

Transform Node Definition

Transform {enventIn MFNode addChildreneventIn MFNode removeChildren exposedField SFVec3f center 0 0 0exposedField MFNode children []exposedField SFRotation rotation 0 0 1 0exposedField SFVec3f scale 1 1 1exposedField SFRotation scaleOrientation 0 0 1 0exposedField SFVec3f translation 0 0 0field SFVec3f bboxCenter 0 0 0field SFVec3f bboxSize -1 -1 -1

}

Order of application:

T(translation) • T(rotation) • T(scale) {children}

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UML

GroupNode Definition

Transform {enventIn MFNode addChildreneventIn MFNode removeChildren exposedField MFNode children []field SFVec3f bboxCenter 0 0 0field SFVec3f bboxSize -1 -1 -1

}

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UML

Viewing in VRML 2.0

Viewpoint {eventIn SFBool set_bindexposedField SFFloat fieldOfView 0.785396exposedField SFBool jump TRUEexposedField SFRotation orientation 0 0 1 0exposedField SFVec3f position 0 0 10field SFString description ““eventOut SFTime bindTimeeventOut SFBool isBound

}

1304/20/23 19:16

UML

Sound in VRML 2.0Definition of Sound Node

Sound {exposedField SFVec3f direction 0 0 1exposedField SFFloat intensity 1exposedField SFVec3f location 0 0 0exposedField SFFloat maxBack 10exposedField SFFloat maxFront 10exposedField SFFloat minBack 1exposedField SFFloat minFront 1exposedField SFFloat priority 0exposedField SFNode source NULLfield SFBool spatialize TRUE

}

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UML

Sound in VRML2.0Definition of AudioClip Node

AudioClip {exposedField SFString description ““exposedField SFBool loop FALSEexposedField SFFloat pitch 1.0exposedField SFTime startTime 0exposedField SFTime stopTime 0exposedField MFString url []eventOut duration_changedeventOut isActive

}

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UML

Spatial Sound Pattern in VRML 2.0

location

minBack

maxBack

minFront

maxFront

Constant intensity

Linear Attenuation

direction

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UML

Internode Communication:Events

Node A Node B

Node C

eventOut

eventIn

Connection by a ROUTE

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UML

Internode CommunicationNode Field Classes

field Private node member

exposedField Public node member

eventIn Event received by node

eventOut Event sent by node

set_<fieldNname> Event received by node<fieldName>_changed Event sent by node

Type and value of events correspond to type and value of node fields.

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UML

Internode CommunicationRoute Syntax

DEF T1 Transform { . . . }DEF T2 Transform { . . . }DEF T3 Transform { . . . }. . .ROUTE T1.translation_changed TO T2.set_translationROUTE T2.translation_changed TO T3.set_translation

T1 T2 T3

translation translation translation

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UML

Event Generators:Touch Sensor

= Shapes Sensed

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UML

Event Generators:Touch Sensor

TouchSensor {exposedField SFBool enabled TRUEeventOut SFVec3f hitNormal_changedeventOut SFVec3f hitPoint_changedeventOut SFVec2f hitTexCoord_changedeventOut SFBool isActiveeventOut SFBool isOvereventOut SFTime touchTime

}

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UML

Touch SensorExample

Group {children [

DEF TS TouchSensor { }Shape {

appearance Appearance {material Material {

diffuseColor 0 0.5 0}

}geometry Sphere {}

}DEF Highlight DirectionalLight {

color 1 0 0on FALSE

}DEF ActiveLight DirectionalLight {

color 0 0 1on FALSE

}]ROUTE TS.isOver TO Highlight.set_onROUTE TS.isActive TO ActiveLight.set_on

}

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UML

Touch SensorExample

Group {children [

DEF TS TouchSensor { }Shape {

appearance Appearance {material Material {

diffuseColor 0 0.5 0}

}geometry Sphere {}

}Sound {

maxBack 1000maxFront 1000source DEF Audio AudioClip {

url “horse.wav”}

}]ROUTE TS.touchTime TO Audio.startTime

}

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UML

Adding Behavior to Objects

TimeSensor Interpolator General Node

[0,1]

ScalarInterpolatorPositionInterpolatorOrientationInterpolatorCoordinateInterpolatorColorInterpolator

Maps [0,1]to fielddata typevalues.

Generatestime vary-ing scalarin range[0,1]

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UML

Time Sensor

TimeSensor { exposedField SFTime cycleInterval 1

exposedField SFBool enabled TRUEexposedField SFBool loop FALSEexposedField SFTime startTime 0exposedField SFTime stopTime 0eventOut SFTime cycleTime eventOut SFFloat fraction_changedeventOut SFBool isActiveeventOut SFTime time

}

loop=TRUE

loop=FALSE

startTime stopTimecycleInterval

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UML

Position Interpolator

PositionInterpolator {eventIn SFFloat set_fractionexposedField MFFloat key []exposedField MFVec3f keyValue []eventOut SFVec3f value_changed

}

y

z

x

Input: [ 0 1 ]

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UML

Position AnimationExample

Def T Transform {translation 0 5 0children [

Shape {geometry Cone {}appearance Appearance {

material Material {diffuseColor 1 0 0

}}

}]

}Def P PositionInterpolator {

key [0, 0.5, 1]keyValue [ 0 0 0, 4 0 0, 0 0 0]

}Def TS TimeSensor {

stopTime -1loop TRUE

}ROUTE TS.fraction_changed TO P.set_fractionROUTE P.value_changed TO T.set_translation

2704/20/23 19:16

UML

Java 3D:Class Hierarchy

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UML

Java 3D:Viewing Classes

Locates a view within scene

Contains most ofview state

Contains informationabout physical screen

3D version ofAbstract WindowingToolkit

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UML

Java 3D:Sample Code to Build Scene Graph

Shape3D myShape1 = new Shape3D(myGeometry1, myAppearance1); Shape3D myShape2 = new Shape3D(myGeometry2, myAppearance2);

BranchGroup myBranch = new BranchGroup(); myBranch.addChild(myShape1); myBranch.addChild(myShape2); myBranch.compile();

VirtualUniverse myUniverse = new VirtualUniverse(); Locale myLocale = new Locale(myUniverse); myLocale.addBranchGraph(myBranch);

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UML

Java 3D:Scene Graph Built

3104/20/23 19:16

UML

Java 3D;Node Class Hierarchy

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UML

Java 3D “Hello Universe” Program

public class HelloUniverse extends Applet { public BranchGroup createSceneGraph() { // Create the root of the branch graph

BranchGroup objRoot = new BranchGroup();

// Create the TransformGroup node and initialize it to the // identity. Enable the TRANSFORM_WRITE capability so that // our behavior code can modify it at run time. Add it to // the root of the subgraph.

TransformGroup objTrans = new TransformGroup(); objTrans.setCapability( TransformGroup.ALLOW_TRANSFORM_WRITE); objRoot.addChild(objTrans);

// Create a simple Shape3D node; add it to the scene graph.

objTrans.addChild(new ColorCube(0.4));

// Create a new Behavior object that will perform the // desired operation on the specified transform and add // it into the scene graph.

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UML

Java 3D“Hello Universe” Program, contd.

Transform3D yAxis = new Transform3D(); Alpha rotationAlpha = new Alpha(-1, 4000); RotationInterpolator rotator = new RotationInterpolator( rotationAlpha, objTrans, yAxis, 0.0f, (float) Math.PI*2.0f); BoundingSphere bounds = new BoundingSphere(new Point3d(0.0,0.0,0.0), 100.0); rotator.setSchedulingBounds(bounds); objRoot.addChild(rotator);

// Have Java 3D perform optimizations on this scene graph. objRoot.compile();

return objRoot; }

public HelloUniverse() { <set layout of applet, construct canvas3d, add canvas3d>

// Create the scene; attach it to the virtual universe

BranchGroup scene = createSceneGraph(); SimpleUniverse u = new SimpleUniverse(canvas3d); u.getViewingPlatform().setNominalViewingTransform(); u.addBranchGraph(scene); } }