Mr. Judd Name________________

Ch. 11&12 The Great Depression and New Deal Study Guide

A "chicken in every pot" In 1928, on the campaign promise of continuing prosperity and a "chicken in every pot,"Hoover tried to remain true to his word even after the stock market crashed on Black Tuesday in October 1929. He promised that the recession resulting from the Crash of 1929 would be brief and that prosperity was just around the corner. Rather than offer a helping hand, however, Hoover and congressional Republicans passed the even higher Smoot-Hawley Tariff in 1930, driving the average tariff rate up to almost 60 percent.

The Depression BeginsThe American economy quickly slipped into recession and then plummeted headlong into the greatest depression the nation had ever experienced. The Great Depression in the United States had a widespread ripple effect throughout the world, soon leading to economic stagnation and widespread unemployment in virtually every industrialized nation. Millions of Americans lost their jobs and their homes, and shantytowns dubbed “Hoovervilles” (after the president whom many blamed for the depression) began to spring up throughout the country.

Despite the worsening economic plight, Hoover still refused to provide any direct federal assistance to relieve the suffering. He even authorized the army to use force to remove 20,000 members of the “Bonus Army,” a group of World War I veterans and their families who marched on the U.S. Capitol demanding economic relief. By 1932, Americans, fed up with Hoover’s lack of economic assistance, voted him and his Republican counterparts out of office. The optimistic Democrat Franklin Delano Roosevelt of New York—a distant cousin of previous president Theodore Roosevelt—took office.

Roosevelt’s New Deal: Relief, Recovery, and ReformRoosevelt rallied the panicked Democratic majority in Congress and pushed for the passage of a bundle of sweeping laws known collectively as the New Deal. Taking a calculated risk, Roosevelt structured the New Deal policies around the untested theories of British economist John Maynard Keynes,

who believed that planned deficit spending by the federal government could “prime the economic pump” and jump-start the economy again.

Vocabulary Terms

Depression

stock market

buying on margin

speculation

Black Tuesday

stock share

foreclosed

tariff

mortgages

deficit spending

Trickle Down

dictator

New Deal

court packing

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

1. What was the cause of the stock market crash?

2. Discuss the causes and consequences of the Great Depression.

3. What were the Bonus Army and its effect on President Hoover’s public support?

4. Explain what the Fireside Chats were and its significance.

5. What did it mean to “Ride the Rails”?

6. What was the Dust Bowl and name one solution made by the government?

Broke but Not BrokenAnn Marie Low Remembers the Dust Bowl

“The air is just full of dirt coming, literally, for hundreds of miles. It sifts into everything. After we wash the dishes and put them away, so much dusts sifts into the cupboards we must wash them again before the next meal.”

- Ann Marie Low

Before Viewing What is the most dramatic effect that a weather condition or natural disaster has had on

your life? Explain what happened, how you responded, and whether any government agency assisted you.

After Viewing1. What part of the U.S. was most affected by the dust storms?

2. What conditions caused the Dust Bowl?

3. How did drought and dust storms affect daily life on Low’s farm?

4. In what ways did President’s Hoover and Roosevelt try to solve the farm crisis?

5. What was the reaction of Low’s father when a federal agent offered to buy the farm?

Presidential Terms

DIRECTIONS: Complete the following chart with philosophies and actionsof each president during the depression. There may be more than one example in each section of the chart.

President Hoover President Roosevelt

Personal philosophies in regard to dealing with the economic crisis.

Actions taken to provide relief , recovery, or reform ie. laws, acts, programs, etc.

Alphabet Soup ProgramsFranklin Roosevelt’s New Deal programs (also known as the “Alphabet Soup” programs because of the acronyms) were designed to alleviate the problems of the Great Depression. The New Deal focused on three goals: relief for the needy, economic recovery, and financial reform.,Identify and discuss a New Deal program established to help each of the following groups of people.Group Program Purposefarmers, migrantworkers, others livingin rural areas

teachers, writers,artists, and otherprofessionals

generallyunemployed workers

homeowners

retired workers, thedisabled, dependentmothers and children

labor union membersand employers

consumers of food,prescription drugs,and cosmetics

stock marketinvestors

bank depositors

victims of floodingin southern states

A “New” New Deal Poster Assignment

Assignment: The year is 2011 and people of the United States are experiencing:

President Obama has convened an elite group of advisors, including yourself, to create a “new” New Deal Program. Your task is to:

Review the goals (relief, recovery, reform) of President Roosevelt’s New Deal programs (1932-38) on Page 2.

We’ll Give You More Gas Than A….. Bean Burrito

United States Gas Credit

high unemployment rising home- heating costs expensive healthcare home foreclosures high gas prices deteriorating infrastructure small business

failures depleted natural

resources and other environmental issues

expensive childcare increasing drop-out rates in

high school and other education issues

1. Choose one of the problems from above (or choose one of your own) and invent a New

Deal-like program to address your goal of relief, recovery or reform.

2. Now, using construction paper, old magazines, the computer, cut-out letter stencils, and/or traditional art supplies, you will design a poster that reflects the purpose of your program. Your poster must include:

A. the name (or acronym) of your program B. an imageC. a sloganD.

3. In conclusion, students will include a written explanation (one paragraph) of their program including information on who is your program designed to help, how will it help, why did you choose this problem, is it relief, recovery or reform, etc.

Song of the South Chorus: Song, song of the south Sweet potato pie and I shut my mouth Gone, gone with the wind There ain't nobody looking back again

Cotton on the roadside, cotton in the ditch

We all picked the cotton but we never got rich Daddy was a veteran, a southern democrat They oughta get a rich man to vote like that

Sing it...

Chorus

Well somebody told us Wall Street fell But we were so poor that we couldn't tell Cotton was short and the weeds were tall But Mr. Roosevelt's a gonna save us all

Well momma got sick and daddy got down The county got the farm and they moved to town Pappa got a job with the TBA He bought a washing machine and then a Chevrolet

Sing it...

Discussion Questions

1. “Gone, gone with the wind” is a throwback to Margaret Mitchell’s famous novel “Gone with the Wind” What was the novel about? Why do you think southerners do not want to “look back again”?

2. What effect did the Great Depression have on southern cotton farmers? Many people in the south turned to sharecropping after the Civil War. How did sharecropping prevent farmers from “ever getting rich”?

3. Daddy was probably a veteran of what war?

4. What did it mean to be a southern democrat (or Populist) in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s?

5. “Wall street fell” is a reference to what event in 1929? What effect did this event have on most southerners?

6. Who is “Mr. Roosevelt”? What plan did he have to “save us all”?

7. In addition to the economic crisis of the 1920’s and 1930’s, the plight of the farmer was exacerbated (made worse) by what natural condition?

8. Why did the “county get the farm”?

9. What is the TVA? How did the TVA help many southerners?

10. What southern edible specialty does the singer reminisce about?

Political Cartoons

1. Who are the three people depicted in this cartoon? How do you know who they are?

2. What do some of the abbreviations stand for? Name two.

3. What is ironic about the “New Deal Remedies” bag?

4. How is Roosevelt depicted by the illustrator?

5. Do you think this cartoon is optimistic or pessimistic of the “New Deal” Programs?