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11/06/04Supervision3 Supervision – strategies and tools Lars Peter Jensen Department of Control Engineering Fredrik Bajers Vej 7C, DK Aalborg East Phone: , URL:
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11/06/04 Supervision and Assessment 1
Friday the 11th of June:Supervision and Assessment
09.00: Cases on supervision (LK + LPJ) 11.00: Supervision - strategies and tools (LPJ)12.00: Lunch12.45: Assessment (AK)15.00: Development of action plans – and peer
review of action plans (AK)15.30: Evaluation (AK)
11/06/04 Supervision 2
Role-play• Six role plays illustrate supervising situations
(meetings) • Imagine that your group is working on the project
from yesterday • The group members assign roles between themselves,
so that the outlined situation in the role play occurs • Each role play lasts approximately 15 minutes • Each role play is commented by 4-5
observers
11/06/04 Supervision 3
Supervision – strategies and tools
Lars Peter JensenDepartment of Control Engineering
Fredrik Bajers Vej 7C, DK - 9220 Aalborg EastPhone: + 45 96358740, e-mail: [email protected]
URL: http://www.control.auc.dk/~lpj
11/06/04 Supervision 4
Forms of Supervision • Process supervision• Product supervision• Control Supervision• Laissez-faire Supervision
11/06/04 Supervision 5
Forms of Supervision - 1Process supervision:
• Sees the project as a cognitive process• Facilitates co-operation in the group• Starts reflexive processes• Asks facilitating (reflexive) questions in
stead of pointing out solutions
11/06/04 Supervision 6
Forms of Supervision - 2Product supervision:
• Focus on theoretical knowledge• Focus on solutions, which are often given• Project report must be coherent• The product/construction (or part of)
should be finished
11/06/04 Supervision 7
Forms of Supervision - 3Control Supervision:
• The group is tested• Thinks on the exam• The project period is one long exam• Is interested in the knowledge of the
individual student
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Forms of Supervision - 4Laissez-faire Supervision:
• The students are left to themselves• Lack of engagement• General and occasional comments• Uses minimal time
11/06/04 Supervision 9
Forms of groups - 1
11/06/04 Supervision 10
Forms of groups - 2
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Characteristics for a well functioning group:
• Common goal or objectives• Agreement about group standards• The members ”play” all the necessary
roles• All group members respect each other
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Co-operation: group classification
Integrated Instrumental Hierarchic Chaotic
Role casting All Some Some No
Work sharing All Some Some No
Control/Leadership All Yes Few No
Power Equal Equal ? Unequal No
Personal Engagement High Fair Different Low
Group identity High Low Low Low
Conflict solving Yes No No No
11/06/04 Supervision 13
What might go wrong in the co-operation between supervisor
and group
?
11/06/04 Supervision 14
Different expectations
Students expectations
Study guideobjectives
Supervisors expectations
Project and documentation
11/06/04 Supervision 15
Students opinions on supervision Good Supervision:
• Overview in chaos• Cut through in critical situations• Solutions are not presented by the supervisor• Ask facilitating questions• The group is not controlled by the supervisor but
by the group it self• Supervisor is well prepared and well informed
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Students opinions on supervision Poor Supervision:• Supervisor does not express opinions about
affective questions• Supervisor does not give constructive feed
back/criticism• Lack of interest in the project and/or the students• The supervisor has poor knowledge about the
students’ work and work process• Supervisor takes ownership of the project and
controls the students’ learning process
11/06/04 Supervision 17
Roles of the supervisor – good or poor ?• The group member – discipline oriented
supervision with focus on product – Takes over responsibility for the project work– Very active in choice of theory and methods– Gives answers in stead of asking questions
• The visitor – both discipline and problem oriented supervision with focus on process– Stands on the sideline, ready to kick or withdraw– Points out directions where to seek answers– The students own the project
• The consultant – discipline or problem oriented laissez-fair supervision– Only activated on request– Only answers the questions asked – leave all decisions, planning and control to the group
11/06/04 Supervision 18
Tasks of a supervisor• Before the semester start:
– Prepare project proposals– Plan project courses
• In the beginning of a project:– Help to find appropriate literature– Help establishing contacts with companies ect.– Discussing the project proposal with the students
• During the whole project period:– Commenting both oral and written
presentations/memos/working paper– Continued assessment of the professional level of both
group and individual
• At the end:– Examination
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Tools for supervision
• Learning objectives (Bloom)
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Levels of understanding - Bloom• Knowledge
– memorize
• Comprehension– translation,interpretation
• Application– Use, in new situations
• Analysis – uncover relations between entities
• Synthesis– Building something new of the entities
• Evaluation– Judging
11/06/04 Supervision 21
Tools for supervision
• Learning objectives (Bloom)• Contracts
11/06/04 Supervision 22
Contracts
Why ?• Create common expectations • Secure clear agreements
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ContractsHow?Content could be:
– Form of meetings– how often are you going to have meetings– how long meetings – where– agenda– chair of the meeting– students’ own objectives for the period– supervisors objectives for the period– areas of response to the “working papers” during the period:
• Language, structure, details, methods– external contacts– response to the group process
11/06/04 Supervision 24
Tools for supervision
• Learning objectives (Bloom)• Contracts• Students’ peer assessment
11/06/04 Supervision 25
Students’ peer assessment
• Students in the same group reviewing each others written material
• Students in the same group given small lectures for each other
• Two groups acting as opponents for each other at seminars and exams
11/06/04 Supervision 26
Tools for supervision
• Learning objectives (Bloom)• Contracts• Students’ peer assessment• Process analysis
11/06/04 Supervision 27
Process analysis - content
11/06/04 Supervision 28
Process analysis – example
11/06/04 Supervision 29
Tools for supervision
• Learning objectives (Bloom)• Contracts• Students’ peer assessment• Process analysis • Facilitation
11/06/04 Supervision 30
Facilitation• summarizing• mirroring• asking open-ended questions • use why, how, what, where• dynamic list of question• feedback as rethinking loudly
11/06/04 Supervision 31
Tools for supervision
• Learning objectives (Bloom)• Contracts• Students’ peer assessment• Process analysis • Facilitation• Questioning the team work
11/06/04 Supervision 32
Questioning team work - 1
Put on the students’ agenda when starting the project:
• level of ambitions• how to share the work• discipline of meetings• how to solve conflicts• social relations
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Questioning team work - 2• ask to the way the students organize the work
and discuss the working process• ask to special project functions• discuss objectives for the organizational
aspects• give individual consultations• feel the atmosphere - be present• let the students discuss• try to involve all the students
11/06/04 Supervision 34
A model for Supervision
Present ”Normal”supervision Evaluate a focus with timeout’s
11/06/04 Supervision 35
Project supervision - preparationThe Group (two days in advance) :• What have we accomplished (working papers)• What are we doing right now• Requested supervision• Agenda The Supervisor :• Read the working papers• Reflect upon and formulate questions to
structure and details• Prepare for input to requested supervision
11/06/04 Supervision 36
Project supervision – meetingThe Group :• Chairs the meeting• Takes minutes• Presents the points of the agenda• All participate in the discussionsThe Supervisor :• Facilitates the students’ own reflection by
asking questions • Involves all students in the discussions• Secure reflections on:
– Contracts, working processes, progress, time schedule
11/06/04 Supervision 37
Project supervision – follow upThe Group :• Sends minutes of the meeting to the
supervisor• Discusses and assesses the input from the
supervisor• Revises working papers, time schedule etc.The Supervisor :• Reads the minutes and replies • Follows up on requested tasks
11/06/04 Supervision 38
Lunch until 12.45