11

TRAINING COURSE ON MALARIA ELIMINATION FOR THE GMS

DatabasesRyan WilliamsChang Mai, 17-21 August 2015

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DATABASE

Basic conceptso A database is a collection of data which can be used alone or

combined and related to other data to provide facts or answers to specific questions.

Example: How many confirmed malaria cases in district A in 2015?

What, Where and When?

Relational databases are the most popular type of databaseo Client-Server

o MS SQL, Oracle, Sybase, DB2o Stand-alone

o Access or other file based desktop databases

Structured Query Language (SQL) is a standard language for accessing and communicating with a database

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DATABASE

Relational databaseso Are sets of data organized into tableso Tables are comprised of fieldso Each table can have a relationship with

another table

Date of Birth

Health Facility Visits

Patient name AddressPatient ID

Health Facility NamePatient ID

Patients

Date of Visit

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DATABASE

Database

Client-Server

Tables and Fields

SQL

Data management System (DBMS)

Data management application

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DATABASE

Example of a “One-to-many” relationship between two tables

Patients HF Visits

Patient ANameAddress

Patient A visited 1-Apr-2015

Patient A visited 10-Jun-2015

1 n

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CLIENT-SERVER DATABASE

Server

Client-Servero Data on separate dedicated machine (Server)o Multiple user can access the data simultaneouslyo Speed, Security

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DBMS

DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMSo A database management system (DBMS) is system software for

creating and managing databases. The DBMS provides users and programmers with a systematic way to create, read, update and manage data

o Paid:o Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle, Sybase, IBM DB2 and MS Access

o Free:o MySQL, PostgreSQL

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DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

DBMS

Database

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DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Conso Server requiredo Installation complexo Data management resource

required

Proso Robust installationo Security, Speedo Standard data access

mechanism

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EXCEL

Excelo Desktop solutiono Each sheet can be

considered a tableo Column = Fieldo Row = recordo Can be shared via

network, email, etc.

xls

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EXCEL

Pros

Accessible and easy to use

Easy charts

Data analysis

Cons

Data resides on local computer

Not secure

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EXCEL FORMS

Two types of formso Control (150)o Elimination (110)

Used to collect national level data on:

o Cases and deathso Policieso Interventionso Fundingo Expenditures

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EXCEL

Excel used in Rapid Impact Assessment data collect

o Monthly aggregated data entered into sheets from health facilities (10 years)

o Sheets are merged and uploaded to SQL database for data cleaning and analysis

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ACCESS

Accesso File basedo Desktop solutiono Accessible and easy

to useo Easy data

managemento Application interfaceo Reportso Can be shared via

network, email, etc.

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MS ACCESS

Proso MS Access is readily available or easily installedo Runs on basic computers

Conso Data resides on a local installationo Not secure

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COMPARISON

Excel o Data analysis, distributed data collection, accessibility

Stand-alone database: Accesso Quick, easy data management

Client-Server: DBMSo Robust data storageo Vast data management capacityo Security

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DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE

Software applicationo Interface between the user and the DBMSo Provides user with screens to access and manipulate the datao Reduces the complexity of managing the database

Software Interface

Database

DBMS

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DATA MANAGEMENT APPLICATION

DHIS2 (District Health Information System)o Is a flexible, web-based open-source information system with

awesome visualization features including GIS, charts and pivot tableso Versatile data management via user interfaceo Customizableo Custom reportingo GIS

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Data Organization

Data is organized byo Data elements

o Total number of microscopy positiveso Dimensions

o Place (Organization Unit)o Country, Province, District, Health facility, Foci

o Hierarchyo Period

o Day, Month, Year

o Value

What?

Where?

When?

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Data Organization

Setup a system to enter data and reporto Create

o Data elements (what?)o Places (where?)

o Districts,…o Indicators (calculations)

o Add data elements to datasetso Assign frequency of data collection

o Daily, Weekly, Monthly,…

o Create a form for the dataseto Enter data

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DHIS2

Health Facility Register

Indicators

Surveyresults

Slide positivity rate

DHIS2

Pivot tables Custom reports GIS mapping

DBMS

Form AForm B

Number of slides examined

Number of slides positive

Parasite prevalence

DatasetData Elements

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DHIS2

Health Facility Register

Case based data

Aggregated data

Patient data

DHIS2

Freq.weeklymonthly

DBMSAggregation

Pivot tables Custom reports GIS mapping

Form A Number of slides examined

Number of slides positive

Parasite prevalence

Dataset

Who?

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DHIS User Interface

Select place, dataset and time period

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The Interface

Districts

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Data Entry Forms

Custom formo Designed in HTMLo Matches the layout of Excel

formso Three years on data

presented

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Data Entry Forms

Data entry forms are comprised of data elements

o Created using the UI

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Case based reporting

Individual patient data

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Case based reporting

Individual or aggregated reports from case based data

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Other Data Entry Options

Excel/CSV data importationo Template based

SMS data submissionso Reporting data by sending an SMS to the system

PDF data entry formso PDF generated by systemo Can be customized with Adobe Acrobat

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Form Data Validation

Validationo Easy to create validation

rules

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Reporting

Pivot table

Very comprehensive

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Pivot table module is very comprehensive o Used to produce the charts for the online country profileso Save and share functiono Export functions

Reporting

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Dashbaord

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Reporting

+ Profiles/Bulletinso Using the Apps (WebAPI)o Graphs built using the online reporting tool

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GIS

+ Profiles/Bulletinso Using the Apps (WebAPI)o Graphs built using the online reporting tool

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Custom menu

Menu easily customizedo Via the UI

o User security settingso Mina applications(Apps)

can be added directly to menu

Appso HTML pages using

JavaScript to make HTTP requests to the WebAPI

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Workflow and Approval

Dataset approval at national and regional levelso Districts submit form by clicking the “Completed” buttono The next higher lever receives an email

o Approveso If approved, level focal person receives an email

o Un-Approveso Goes back for correction

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Communications

o Data commentingo Audit trailo Follow-up analysis

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Thank You!