11 Hazard Communication

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Hazard Communication

MODULE 11


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Purpose of OSHAs Hazard

Communication Standard

ensure that employers and employees

know about work hazards and how to

protect themselves so that the incidence

of illnesses and injuries due to hazardous

chemicals is reduced.

Label

Program MSDS

HazardCommunication

Program

ContainerLabeling

Material SafetyData Sheet


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Why should chemical hazards

be communicated?

Exposure Risk: About 32 million workerspotentially exposed to chemical hazards

Profusion of Chemicals: About 650,000

chemical products exist; hundreds of newones introduced annually

Health Effects:May include heart ailments,central nervous system damage, kidney and

lung damage, sterility, cancer, burns, andrashes

Safety Hazards: Potential to cause fires,explosions, or other serious accidents


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Concept of regulation:

Employees have both a need and a

right to know the hazards and identities

of the chemicals they are exposed to

when working.

They also need to know what protectivemeasures are available to prevent

adverse effects from occurring.


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Who is covered?

General industry, shipyard, marine

terminals, longshoring, and construction

employers Chemical manufacturers, importers,

employers, and employees exposed to

chemical hazards


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Employer Responsibilities

A significant portion of the standardpertains only to chemical manufactures,

importers, and distributors Employers who do not produce

chemicals only have to focus on

establishing a workplace program and

communicating information to theirworkers.

Appendix E provides guidelines


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Employer Responsibilities

Inventory: Identify and list hazardous chemicals inworkplaces

MSDS & Labeling: Obtain Material Safety Data

Sheets and labels for each hazardous chemical, if notprovided by the manufacturer, importer, or distributor

Written Program: Implement a written HazComprogram, including labels, MSDS, and employeetraining

Communication & Training: Communicate hazardinformation to employees through labels, MSDSs,and formal training programs


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Labeling Exemptions

Other federal agencies control labeling

requirements for the following substances:

Pesticides Chemicals covered under the Toxic Substance

Control Act

Foods or food additives

Distilled spirits, tobacco

Consumer products, lumber, cosmetics

Hazardous wastes


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How can workplace hazards be

minimized?

Hazard Assessment: The first step in

minimizing workplace hazards is to

perform a thorough hazard assessment Manufacturer Evaluations:Employers

can rely on the manufacturers or

importers evaluations of the hazards ofthe chemicals they use (from MSDS)


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Why is a written program

required?

Employer: Program ensures that all

employers receive the information they

need to inform and train theiremployees

Employee: Program provides

necessary hazard information toemployees


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Employer Requirements-

Written Program

Must cover at least:

Labels and other forms of warnings

Material Safety Data Sheets Employee Information and Training

List of chemicals present and MSDS foreach

Methods used to inform employees ofhazards of non-routine tasks

Hazards of chemicals in unlabeled pipes


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Multi-Employer Workplaces

When other employers have employees

onsite that may be exposed, program

must include: Methods to provide contractor employees

with on-site access to MSDS

Methods used to inform other employers ofprecautionary measures for normal and

emergency situations

The employers chemical labeling system


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Consumer Products Exemption

Any consumer product as defined in the

Consumer Product Safety Act where:

Used in the workplace for the purposeintended

Exposure within the range that could

reasonably be experienced by consumers

when used for intended purpose


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Written Program Availability

Written program available on request:

To employees and their representatives

Program may be kept at main location


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How must chemicals be

labeled?

Containers of hazardous chemicals

entering workplace must be labeled with

Identity of chemicalAppropriate hazard warnings

Message, picture or symbol

Hazards of chemical

Target organs affected

Legible in English, may have other languages

Name and address of responsible party


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Container Labeling Exemptions

No new labels necessary if existing labelsconvey required information

Labeling not required for portable containers if: Transferred from labeled containers and

Intended for immediate use by employeeperforming transfer


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Material Safety Data Sheets

Prepared by chemical manufacturer orimporter, describing

Physical hazards, such as fire andexplosion

Health hazards, such as signs of exposure

Routes of exposure

Precautions for safe handling and use Emergency and first-aid procedures

Control measures


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Must be in English and include specificchemical identity and common names

Must provide information about: Physical and chemical characteristics Health effects

Exposure limits

Carcinogenicity (cancer-causing)

Identification (name, address, and telephonenumber) of the organization responsible forpreparing the sheet

Must be readilyaccessible to employees in theirwork area


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No prescribed format

If no MSDS received for a chemical:

Contact supplier, manufacturer or importer

Maintain record of the contact

May be kept in any form includingoperating procedures

Addressing hazards of process maymake more sense than individualchemicals


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Employee Information and

Training

Employees must be provided

information and training on hazardous

chemicals in their work area:At the time of their initial assignment

Whenever a new physical or health hazard

is introduced into their work area May cover categories of hazards or

individual chemicals


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Employee Information

Employers must inform employees of:

Training requirements of this section

Operations in their work area wherehazardous chemicals are present;

Location and availability of the written

hazard communication program


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What must employee training

contain?

Program: Explanation of the HazComprogram, including information on labels,MSDSs, and how to obtain and use available

hazard information Physical and health hazardsof chemicals

Protection: Protective measures such asengineering controls, work practices, and theuse of PPE

Detection: How to detect the presence orrelease of a hazardous chemical (usingmonitoring devices, observation, or smell)


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Health Hazard Definitions

Acute:rapid effects, as a result of

short-term exposures, of short duration

Chronic: effects as a result of long-termexposure, of long duration

Corrosive: Visible destruction or

irreversible damage to body tissue,including acids and caustics (bases)

Definitions in 1910.1200 Appendix A


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Target Organ Effects

Hepatotoxins: liver damage

Nephrotoxins: kidney damage

Neurotoxins: nervous system effects

Agents which act on the blood or

hematopoietic system: deprive body

tissues of oxygen

Agents which damage the lungs


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Target Organ Effects

Reproductive toxins, including

teratogens (damage fetuses) and

mutagens (damage DNA) Cutaneous hazards: skin damage

Eye hazards


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Setting up a program

The Hazard Communication Standardcovers both:

Physical hazards (such as flammability),and

Health hazards (such as irritation, lungdamage, and cancer)

Most chemicals used in the workplacehave some hazard potential, and thuswill be covered by the rule


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This rule is more performance-oriented

than many other OSHA regulations.

You have flexibility to adapt the rule tothe needs of your workplace, rather

than having to follow specific, rigid

requirements


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Make a list of all chemicals in the workplace

that are potentially hazardous

Survey the workplace to make acomprehensive list

Identify chemicals in containers, including

pipes

Establish purchasing procedures so thatMSDSs are received before a material is

used in the workplace


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P i d i l ti


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Preparing and implementing a

hazard communication program

All workplaces where employees are

exposed to hazardous chemicals must

have a written plan The plan does not have to be lengthy or

complicated


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Employee Training

You may want to discuss each chemicalindividually if there are only a few chemicalsin the workplace

You may want to train generally: Based on the hazard categories (e.g.,

flammable liquids, corrosive materials,carcinogens)

Where there are large numbers of chemicalsor

Where the chemicals change frequently


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Training Documentation

The rule does not require employers to

maintain records of employee training,

but many employers choose to do so This may help you monitor your own

program to ensure that all employees

are appropriately trained

Documents

11 Hazard Communication